Staphylococci And Staphylococcal Infections Clinical And Epidemiological Aspects

Author : Timothy Braun
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (974 download)

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Download or read book Epidemiological Aspects of Community Associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcal Aureus (CA-MRSA) Infections Within Northeastern Intercollegiate and High School Athletics written by Timothy Braun and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Context: Community Associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (CA-MRSA) infections continue to impose an annual multi-billion cost on society with athletes being an at risk population. With the focus of sports medicine CA-MRSA research centered on retrospective outbreaks and environmental studies, recommendations and position statements spawned from the results. Although these recommendations offer effective solutions to controlling and managing these infections, they have not served to eliminate the problem. Few studies have attempted to examine infection rates, referral practices and physician management steps for CA-MRSA infections within student-athletes. Objective: To retrospectively and prospectively assess the rate of CA-MRSA infections, sport risk, management protocol and referral practices within high school and intercollegiate athletic programs. Design: Two descriptive epidemiological studies. One review of current literature. Retrospective Patients or Other Participants: 156 certified athletic trainers (ATs) from intercollegiate and high school programs within National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA) District Two. Retrospective Main Outcome Measures: Frequencies, analysis of variance, prevalence and relative risk were calculted to determine differences between settings and sports for CA-MRSA infections. Retrospective Results: The overall infection prevalence was 15.5 per 10,000 athletes. The prevalence and relative risk were significantly higher in wrestling and football compared to the general athletic population. The majority of referrals occurred to general or primary physicians. The majority of respondents indicated proper decontamination. Approximately half the respondents were unsure of physician management steps. Prospective patients or Other Participants: Eight-seven certified athletic trainers (ATs) responded to the first survey request. Over the course of the competitive academic year, sixty-one participants responded to every survey. Prospective Main Outcome Measures: Frequencies, analysis of variance, incidence rates and relative risk were calculated to determine differences between settings and sports for CA-MRSA infections. Prospective Results: The overall CA-MRSA infection incidence was 16.3 per 10,000 athletes. The incidence and relative risk were significantly higher in wrestling and football compared to the general athletic population. The majority of the suspicious bacterial lesions were referred to either primary care or general physicians with patients most likely to receive antibiotic coverage for CA-MRSA regardless of diagnostic confirmation. Conclusions: Athletes, particularly contact athletes, suffer a higher rate of CA-MRSA infections compared to the general population. Despite successful preventative meaures and recommendations, the rate of CA-MRSA infection among athletes remains high. Upon referral, many cases of suspicious bacterial lesions are issued antibiotics to treat CA-MRSA. As CA-MRSA strains begin to display resistance to antibiotic mainstays, it is critical that certified athletic trainers stay abreast of the eve changing standards of medical care.