Staff Ride Guide - The Battle Of First Bull Run [Illustrated Edition]

Download Staff Ride Guide - The Battle Of First Bull Run [Illustrated Edition] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782894594
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (828 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Staff Ride Guide - The Battle Of First Bull Run [Illustrated Edition] by : Ted Ballard

Download or read book Staff Ride Guide - The Battle Of First Bull Run [Illustrated Edition] written by Ted Ballard and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illustrated with 12 maps and 15 Illustrations. On 16 July 1861, the largest army ever assembled on the North American continent up to that time marched from the vicinity of Washington, D.C., toward Manassas Junction, thirty miles to the southwest. Commanded by newly promoted Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell, the Union force consisted of partly trained militia with ninety-day enlistments (almost untrained volunteers) and three newly organized battalions of Regulars. Many soldiers, unaccustomed to military discipline or road marches, left the ranks to obtain water, gather blackberries, or simply to rest as the march progressed. Near Manassas, along a meandering stream known as Bull Run, waited the similarly untrained Confederate army commanded by Brig. Gen. Pierre G. T. Beauregard. This army would soon be joined by another Confederate force, commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston. After a minor clash of arms on 18 July, McDowell launched the first major land battle of the Civil War by attempting to turn the Confederate left flank on 21 July. A series of uncoordinated and sometimes confusing attacks and counterattacks by both sides finally ended in a defeat for the Union Army and its withdrawal to Washington. The Battle of First Bull Run highlighted many of the problems and deficiencies that were typical of the first year of the war. Units were committed piecemeal, attacks were frontal, infantry failed to protect exposed artillery, tactical intelligence was nil, and neither commander was able to employ his whole force effectively. McDowell, with 35,000 men, was only able to commit about 18,000, and the combined Confederate forces, with about 32,000 men, committed only 18,000.

Staff Ride Guide for the Battle of First Bull Run

Download Staff Ride Guide for the Battle of First Bull Run PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781453799208
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (992 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Staff Ride Guide for the Battle of First Bull Run by : Ted Ballard

Download or read book Staff Ride Guide for the Battle of First Bull Run written by Ted Ballard and published by . This book was released on 2003-10-30 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Army has long used the staff ride as a tool for professional development, conveying the lessons of the past to contemporary soldiers. A First Bull Run staff ride can offer significant military lessons. Revisiting this battle through the "eyes" of the men who were there, both leaders and rank-and-file soldiers, allows one insights into decision making under pressure and the human condition during battle. The campaign contains many lessons in command and control, communications, intelligence, logistics, the accommodation of advances in weapon technology, and mobilization in the absence of universal military training. Ted Ballard has been a historian with the U.S. Army Center of Military History since 1980 and a part of the Center's staff ride program since 1986. Battle of First Bull Run joins his other battlefield guides to Ball's Bluff, Second Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Wilderness/Spotsylvania. Originally published in color by the Center of Military History. Maps and photos included.

Battle of First Bull Run

Download Battle of First Bull Run PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781073606078
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Battle of First Bull Run by : Ted Ballard

Download or read book Battle of First Bull Run written by Ted Ballard and published by . This book was released on 2019-06-13 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Army has long used the staff ride as a tool for professional development, conveying the lessons of the past to contemporary soldiers. In 1906 Maj. Eben Swift took twelve officer-students from Fort Leavenworth's General Service and Staff School to the Chickamauga battlefield on the Army's first official staff ride. Since that time Army educators have employed staff rides to provide officers a better understanding of past military operations, of the vagaries of war, and of military planning. A staff ride to an appropriate battlefield can also enliven a unit's esprit de corps--a constant objective in peacetime or war. To support such Army initiatives, the Center of Military History publishes staff ride guides, such as this one on the Battle of First Bull Run. This account is drawn principally from contemporary after action reports and from the sworn testimony of participants before the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, a congressional entity created to investigate the Union defeats at First Bull Run and Ball's Bluff. A First Bull Run staff ride can offer significant military lessons. Revisiting this battle through the "eyes" of the men who were there, both leaders and rank-and-file soldiers, allows one insights into decision making under pressure and the human condition during battle. The campaign contains many lessons in command and control, communications, intelligence, logistics, the accommodation of advances in weapon technology, and mobilization in the absence of universal military training. First Bull Run was a first battle--a major engagement after a prolonged period of peace. For some it constitutes a metaphor of the price paid for military unpreparedness. Hopefully, this volume will prove a useful tool for those conducting a staff ride to First Bull Run

First Battle of Bull Run

Download First Battle of Bull Run PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780756741310
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (413 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis First Battle of Bull Run by : Ted Ballard

Download or read book First Battle of Bull Run written by Ted Ballard and published by . This book was released on 2004-06-01 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1906 the U.S. Army has used the staff ride as a tool for professional development, conveying the lessons of the past to contemporary soldiers. Provides officers a better understanding of past military operations, of the vagaries of war, and of military planning. A staff ride to an appropriate battlefield can also enliven a unit's esprit de corps -- a constant objective in peacetime or war. This staff guide on the Battle of First Bull Run, which the Union Army lost, includes an account drawn principally from contemporary after-action reports and from the sworn testimony of participants. A First Bull Run staff ride can provide many lessons in command and control, commun., intelligence, and weapons technology vs. tactics. Color maps and photos.

The Staff Ride

Download The Staff Ride PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 : 9780160925436
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (254 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Staff Ride by : William Glenn Robertson

Download or read book The Staff Ride written by William Glenn Robertson and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2014-12-11 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses how to plan a staff ride of a battlefield, such as a Civil War battlefield, as part of military training. This brochure demonstrates how a staff ride can be made available to military leaders throughout the Army, not just those in the formal education system.

Staff Ride Handbook For The Vicksburg Campaign, December 1862-July 1863 [Illustrated Edition]

Download Staff Ride Handbook For The Vicksburg Campaign, December 1862-July 1863 [Illustrated Edition] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782899359
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (828 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Staff Ride Handbook For The Vicksburg Campaign, December 1862-July 1863 [Illustrated Edition] by : Dr. Christopher Gabel

Download or read book Staff Ride Handbook For The Vicksburg Campaign, December 1862-July 1863 [Illustrated Edition] written by Dr. Christopher Gabel and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes over 30 maps and Illustrations The Staff Ride Handbook for the Vicksburg Campaign, December 1862-July 1863, provides a systematic approach to the analysis of this key Civil War campaign. Part I describes the organization of the Union and Confederate Armies, detailing their weapons, tactics, and logistical, engineer, communications, and medical support. It also includes a description of the U.S. Navy elements that featured so prominently in the campaign. Part II consists of a campaign overview that establishes the context for the individual actions to be studied in the field. Part III consists of a suggested itinerary of sites to visit in order to obtain a concrete view of the campaign in its several phases. For each site, or “stand,” there is a set of travel directions, a discussion of the action that occurred there, and vignettes by participants in the campaign that further explain the action and which also allow the student to sense the human “face of battle.” Part IV provides practical information on conducting a Staff Ride in the Vicksburg area, including sources of assistance and logistical considerations. Appendix A outlines the order of battle for the significant actions in the campaign. Appendix B provides biographical sketches of key participants. Appendix C provides an overview of Medal of Honor conferral in the campaign. An annotated bibliography suggests sources for preliminary study.

Staff Ride Handbook for the Overland Campaign, Virginia, 4 May to 15 June 1864: A Study in Operational-Level Command

Download Staff Ride Handbook for the Overland Campaign, Virginia, 4 May to 15 June 1864: A Study in Operational-Level Command PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428916466
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Staff Ride Handbook for the Overland Campaign, Virginia, 4 May to 15 June 1864: A Study in Operational-Level Command by :

Download or read book Staff Ride Handbook for the Overland Campaign, Virginia, 4 May to 15 June 1864: A Study in Operational-Level Command written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Second Bull Run Staff Ride: Briefing Book [Illustrated Edition]

Download Second Bull Run Staff Ride: Briefing Book [Illustrated Edition] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 178289859X
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (828 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Second Bull Run Staff Ride: Briefing Book [Illustrated Edition] by : Ted Ballard

Download or read book Second Bull Run Staff Ride: Briefing Book [Illustrated Edition] written by Ted Ballard and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains more than 20 maps, diagrams and illustrations Jackson’s march into the rear of Pope’s army opened the Battle of Second Manassas. a battle which has many lessons worthy of study; the deep strike, unity of command, intelligence, logistics and importance of terrain, just to name a few. Accordingly, the purpose of the Manassas staff ride is to learn lessons of the past by analyzing this battle through the eyes of the men who were there, both leaders and rank and file soldiers. Hopefully, the actions or inactions of certain Civil War commanders and the reactions of their troops will allow us to gain insights into decision-making and the human condition during battle.

Staff Ride Guide: Battle of Antietam

Download Staff Ride Guide: Battle of Antietam PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781456514259
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (142 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Staff Ride Guide: Battle of Antietam by : Ted Ballard

Download or read book Staff Ride Guide: Battle of Antietam written by Ted Ballard and published by . This book was released on 2006-05-04 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Army has long used the staff ride as a tool for professional development, conveying the lessons of the past to contemporary soldiers. Antietam is ideal for a staff ride, since a continuing goal of the National Park Service is to maintain the site in the condition in which it was on the day of the battle. The purpose of any staff ride is to learn from the past by analyzing the battle through the eyes of the men who were there, both leaders and rank-and-file soldiers. Antietam offers many lessons in command and control, communications, intelligence, weapons technology versus tactics, and the ever-present confusion, or "fog" of battle. We hope that these lessons will allow us to gain insights into decision-making and the human condition during combat. Includes 15 maps, 4 tables, 18 illustrations, explanatory sections on artillery and logistics as well as order of battle information. (Originally published by the Army's Center for Military History)

Battle of First Bull Run

Download Battle of First Bull Run PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : U.S. Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Battle of First Bull Run by : Ted Ballard

Download or read book Battle of First Bull Run written by Ted Ballard and published by U.S. Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2004 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Wilson’s Creek Staff Ride And Battlefield Tour [Illustrated Edition]

Download Wilson’s Creek Staff Ride And Battlefield Tour [Illustrated Edition] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782895264
Total Pages : 103 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (828 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Wilson’s Creek Staff Ride And Battlefield Tour [Illustrated Edition] by : Major George E. Knapp

Download or read book Wilson’s Creek Staff Ride And Battlefield Tour [Illustrated Edition] written by Major George E. Knapp and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes more than 14 maps and Illustrations Armies of the North and South fought the Battle of Wilson’s Creek about ten miles southwest of Springfield, Missouri, on Saturday, 10 Aug. 1861...While the action at Wilson’s Creek was small compared to that at Gettysburg or Chickamauga, it remains significant and useful to students of military history. ...The Union defeat in battle and the death of General Nathaniel Lyon, so closely following the disaster at First Bull Run, caused the North to adopt a more serious attitude about the war and to realize that victory would come only with detailed planning and proper resourcing. Thus, the Union reinforced Missouri with soldiers and weapons during the fall and winter of 1861-62, while the Confederacy applied its scanty resources elsewhere. Although the exiled pro-Confederate state government voted to secede and sent delegates to Richmond, Virginia, Missouri effectively remained in the Union. Any questions about Missouri’s fate were settled at the Battle of Pea Ridge in March 1862, when Union forces turned back the last significant Confederate threat to Missouri. Wilson’s Creek was a “first battle” for most of the soldiers who fought there. First battles often provide armies with special insights into the application of military art and science, and Wilson’s Creek was no exception. The Mexican War model of organization and combined arms battle was generally confirmed, but some key observations relating to technology and command and control emerged as well...In addition, artillery proved decisive at several key moments during the fighting. Cavalry, on its part, proved to be much less valuable, and this fact hinted at lessons to be learned later in the Civil War. Ultimately, the infantry of both sides played out the drama, and many of the most useful insights came from that branch.

Battle of Ball's Bluff

Download Battle of Ball's Bluff PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781073607631
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (76 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Battle of Ball's Bluff by : Ted Ballard

Download or read book Battle of Ball's Bluff written by Ted Ballard and published by . This book was released on 2019-06-13 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: development, conveying the lessons of the past to contemporary soldiers. In 1906 Maj. Eben Swift took twelve officer-students from Fort Leavenworth's General Service and Staff School to the Chickamauga battlefield on the Army's first official staff ride. Since that time Army educators have employed the staff ride to provide Army officers a better understanding of a past militaty operation, of the vagaries of war, and of military planning. It can also serve to enliven a unit's esprit de corps- a constant objective in peacetime or war.To support the Army's initiatives, the Center is publishing staff ride guides such as this one on the Battle of Ball's Bluff, Virginia. This account is drawn principally from contemporary after action reports and from the sworn testimony of participants before the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, a congressional entity created to investigate the Union defeats at First Bull Run and Ball's Bluff.Although not in a class with Antietam and Gettysburg or other great Civil War clashes with respect to size or consequences, the Battle of Ball's Bluff nevertheless provides important lessons in small unit actions, leadership, tactical planning, and the role of courage and military professionalism under fire. This small volume should be a welcome training aid for those undertaking a Ball's Bluff staff ride.

Chancellorsville Staff Ride: Briefing Book [Illustrated Edition]

Download Chancellorsville Staff Ride: Briefing Book [Illustrated Edition] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782898565
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (828 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chancellorsville Staff Ride: Briefing Book [Illustrated Edition] by : Ted Ballard

Download or read book Chancellorsville Staff Ride: Briefing Book [Illustrated Edition] written by Ted Ballard and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains more than 20 maps, diagrams and illustrations Although "Fighting Joe" Hooker skillfully executes a well-conceived plan and out-flanks his adversary, months of offensive planning are shelved as he suddenly orders his army on the defensive. Lee seizes the initiative and achieves what has often been called his most brilliant victory. How could this happen when Hooker's army outnumbers that of Lee 2 to 1 and is far superior in artillery and logistics? Answers to these and other questions concerning leadership, communications, use of terrain, and the psychology of men in battle, are often found by personal reconnaissance of the battlefield. This book offers a staff ride briefing of Chancellorsville. Since 1906 staff rides have been used to in the education of U.S. Army officers to narrow the gap between peacetime training and war.

The Battle of Second Manassas

Download The Battle of Second Manassas PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 : 9780160899331
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (993 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Battle of Second Manassas by : Joseph W. A. Whitehorne

Download or read book The Battle of Second Manassas written by Joseph W. A. Whitehorne and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 1990 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “We study our military past not only to draw inspiration from the exploits of those American soldiers and their commanders who went before us, but also to sharpen our knowledge and understanding of the art of war, thereby equipping us for the military challenges of the futre. It is our belief that the careful study of battlefields, such as Second Manassas allows today’s military students to understand better the complexities and inevitable pressures of warfare. It can also provide them the chance to reflect on and assess military operations, an opportunity rarely attainable in the daily execution of their craft. This is the third in a series of booklets on American battlefields intended to help soldiers use the past to enhance their understanding of the Army’s future.” Foreword by Michael D. Krause, Colonel, USA, Acting Chief of Military History, 1989 The Battle of Second Manassas, prepared as a self-guided tour, is intended to help today's soldiers study the American battlefields of the past not only to better understand the complexities and inevitable pressures of warfare but also to sharpen their knowledge of the art of war and their craft. The contest around Groveton, Virginia, on 29-30 August 1862 was characterized by complex maneuvers and fighting over the same areas at several different times. New units funneled into the battle throughout its course, while others were rushed from one point to another as the action shifted. This lack of order is a reflection of the high level of confusion experienced at the time. The courage of the men on both sides was exemplary, but technology has overtaken the tactics they used. Nevertheless, the lessons in leadership, command, the use of intelligence, and the performance of men under stress shown by this battle have a lasting value.

Battle Of Ball’s Bluff, Staff Ride Guide [Illustrated Edition]

Download Battle Of Ball’s Bluff, Staff Ride Guide [Illustrated Edition] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782898611
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (828 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Battle Of Ball’s Bluff, Staff Ride Guide [Illustrated Edition] by : Ted Ballard

Download or read book Battle Of Ball’s Bluff, Staff Ride Guide [Illustrated Edition] written by Ted Ballard and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains more than 20 maps, diagrams and illustrations On the night of 20 October 1861, Union Brig. Gen. Charles P. Stone put into action a plan to attack what had been reported as a small, unguarded Confederate camp between the Potomac River at Ball's Bluff and Leesburg, Virginia. Later, after Stone learned there was no camp, he allowed the operation to continue, now modified to capture Leesburg itself. But a lack of adequate communication between commanders, problems with logistics, and violations of the principles of war hampered the operation. What originally was to be a small raid instead turned into a military disaster. The action resulted in the death of a popular U.S. senator and long-time friend of President Abraham Lincoln, the arrest and imprisonment of General Stone, and the creation of a congressional oversight committee that would keep senior Union commanders looking over their shoulders for the remainder of the war. For such a small and relatively insignificant military action, Ball's Bluff would cast a long shadow. The purpose of a Ball's Bluff staff ride is to learn from the past by analyzing the battle through the eyes of the men who were there, both leaders and rank-and-file soldiers. The battle contains many lessons in command and control, communications, intelligence, weapons technology versus tactics, and the ever-present confusion, or "fog," of battle. Hopefully, these lessons will allow us to gain insights into decision making and the human condition during combat. Today, the battlefield is enclosed in the 225-acre Ball's Bluff Regional Park, managed by the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority. A short trail includes interpretive markers and a small national cemetery containing the remains of fifty-four soldiers.

Battle Of Antietam, Staff Ride Guide [Illustrated Edition]

Download Battle Of Antietam, Staff Ride Guide [Illustrated Edition] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782898603
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (828 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Battle Of Antietam, Staff Ride Guide [Illustrated Edition] by : Ted Ballard

Download or read book Battle Of Antietam, Staff Ride Guide [Illustrated Edition] written by Ted Ballard and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains more than 20 maps, diagrams and illustrations The Battle of Antietam has been called the bloodiest single day in American History. By the end of the evening, 17 September 1862, an estimated 4,000 American soldiers had been killed and over 18,000 wounded in and around the small farming community of Sharpsburg, Maryland. Emory Upton, then a captain with the Union artillery battery, later wrote, "I have heard of 'the dead lying in heaps,' but never saw it till this battle. Whole ranks fell together." The battle had been a day of confusion, tactical blunders, individual heroics, and the effects of just plain luck. It brought to an end a Confederate campaign to "liberate" the border state of Maryland and possibly take the war into Pennsylvania. A little more than one hundred and forty years later, the Antietam battlefield is one of the best-preserved Civil War battlefields in the National Park System. Antietam is ideal for a staff ride, since a continuing goal of the National Park Service is to maintain the site in the condition in which it was on the day of the battle. The purpose of any staff ride is to learn from the past by analyzing the battle through the eyes of the men who were there, both leaders and rank-and-file soldiers. Antietam offers many lessons in command and control, communications, intelligence, weapons technology versus tactics, and the ever-present confusion, or "fog" of battle. We hope that these lessons will allow us to gain insights into decision-making and the human condition during combat.

Battle of Antietam Staff Ride Guide

Download Battle of Antietam Staff Ride Guide PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Department of the Army
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.M/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Battle of Antietam Staff Ride Guide by : Ted Ballard

Download or read book Battle of Antietam Staff Ride Guide written by Ted Ballard and published by Department of the Army. This book was released on 2009-01-09 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the battle on 17 September 1862 when nearly 70,000 Federal troops actually engaged in the battle, nearly 13,000 were killed, wounded, or missing; the approximately 35,000 Confederates engaged lost almost as many. General McClellan's indecision allowed General Lee to withdraw to the safety of the Virginia shore.