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Stable Second Order Optical Nonlinearity In Novel Photocrosslinkable Polymers
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Book Synopsis Stable Second-Order Optical Nonlinearity in Novel Photocrosslinkable Polymers by :
Download or read book Stable Second-Order Optical Nonlinearity in Novel Photocrosslinkable Polymers written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Characterization of novel photocrosslinkable second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers are presented. These polymer systems have been designed with nonlinear optical moieties in the polymer main chain. When poled and sufficiently photocrosslinked, these polymers exhibit relatively stable second-order nonlinearity at room temperature. The linear optical and second order NLO properties of these recently synthesized polymers have been investigated. Second harmonic generation (SHG) was utilized to monitor the temporal stability of the nonlinearity. The linear electro-optic coefficients were measured with a modified Michelson interferometer.
Book Synopsis Photocrosslinkable Polymers with Stable Second Order Optical Nonlinearity by :
Download or read book Photocrosslinkable Polymers with Stable Second Order Optical Nonlinearity written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linear and nonlinear optical properties of photocrosslinkable polymers are reported. These polymers exhibit relatively stable second order nonlinearity. Electro-optic and second harmonic generation coefficients are reported for these new materials. Nonlinear optical photocrosslinkable polymers.
Book Synopsis New Photocrosslinkable Polymers for Second Order Nonlinear Optical Processes by : B. K. Mandal
Download or read book New Photocrosslinkable Polymers for Second Order Nonlinear Optical Processes written by B. K. Mandal and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymeric systems have been established as useful materials for second order nonlinear optical (NLO) processes, viz. frequency doubling, linear electro-optic effect, frequency mixing and parametric oscillation. Crosslinked systems are reported to exhibit stable second order properties. The system can be poled and photocrosslinked in the poled state to yield a material with stable optical nonlinearity. This approach is based on the inter- and intramolecular photocrosslinking reactions of a photoreactive functionalized polymer. Since the second order susceptibility is directly proportional to the concentration of the nonlinear species and the temporal stability is dependent on the mobility of the nonlinear species in the polymer matrix, large and stable second order NLO properties are expected from these photocrosslinked polymers. In this communication, we report the synthesis and detailed characterization of this class of polymer.
Download or read book قراءات في المشهد الفلسطيني written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New Photocrosslinking Polymers for Second Order Nonlinear Optical Processes by :
Download or read book New Photocrosslinking Polymers for Second Order Nonlinear Optical Processes written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymeric systems have been established as useful materials for second order nonlinear optical (NLO) processes, viz. frequency doubling, linear electro-optic effect, frequency mixing and parametric oscillation. Crosslinked systems are reported to exhibit stable second order properties. The system can be poled and photocrosslinked in the poled state to yield a material with stable optical nonlinearity. This approach is based on the inter- and intra- molecular photocrosslinking reactions of a photoreactive functionalized polymer. Since the second order susceptibility is directly proportional to the concentration of the nonlinear the polymer species and the temporal stability is dependent on the mobility of the nonlinear species in matrix, large and stable second order NLO properties are expected from these photocrosslinked polymers. In this communication, we report the synthesis and detailed characterization of this class of polymer.
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Optics of Organic Molecules and Polymers by : Hari Singh Nalwa
Download or read book Nonlinear Optics of Organic Molecules and Polymers written by Hari Singh Nalwa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-09 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of nonlinear optics emerged three decades ago with the development of the first operating laser and the demonstration of frequency doubling phenomena. These milestone discoveries not only generated much interest in laser science, but also set the stage for future work on nonlinear optics. This book presents an excellent overview of the exciting new advances in nonlinear optical (NLO) materials and their applications in emerging photonics technologies. It is the first reference source available to cover every NLO material published through 1995. All theoretical approaches, measurement techniques, materials, technologies, and applications are covered. With more than 1,800 bibliographic citations, 324 figures, 218 tables, and 812 equations, this book is an invaluable reference source for graduate and undergraduate students, researchers, scientists and engineers working in academia and industries in chemistry, solid-state physics, materials science, optical and polymer engineering, and computational science.
Book Synopsis Polymers for Second-order Nonlinear Optics by : Geoffrey A. Lindsay
Download or read book Polymers for Second-order Nonlinear Optics written by Geoffrey A. Lindsay and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the most recent developments in second-order nonlinear optical polymers. Covers the most important technologies necessary to achieve commercially viable devices based on special polymeric materials with second-order nonlinear optical properties. Discusses important molecular design considerations, how to process the polymers into films, the stability of the films, their optical properties, and prototype devices that can be made from these films.
Book Synopsis Photoconductivity in a Photocrosslinkable Second Order Nonlinear Optical Polymer by :
Download or read book Photoconductivity in a Photocrosslinkable Second Order Nonlinear Optical Polymer written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoconductivity measurements on stable photocrosslinkable nonlinear optical polymer - PVCN (polyvinylcinnamate)/CNNB-R (3-cinnamoyloxy-4-4-(N, N- diethylamino)-2-cinnamoyloxy phenvlazo nitrobenzene) are reported. Photoconductivity in this polymer system, in both crosslinked and uncrosslinked states, was observed without introducing any sensitizer or carrier-transport agents. Absorption of CNNB-R (lambda peak = 518 nm) results in photocarrier generation and it is conjectured that CNNB-R also plays a role in the carrier transport. Such polymers are candidate materials for photorefraction.
Book Synopsis Photoalignment of Liquid Crystalline Materials by : Vladimir G. Chigrinov
Download or read book Photoalignment of Liquid Crystalline Materials written by Vladimir G. Chigrinov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoalignment possesses significant advantages in comparison with the usual ‘rubbing’ treatment of the substrates of liquid crystal display (LCD) cells as it is a non-contact method with a high resolution. A new technique recently pioneered by the authors of this book, namely the photo-induced diffusion reorientation of azodyes, does not involve any photochemical or structural transformations of the molecules. This results in photoaligning films which are robust and possess good aligning properties making them particularly suitable for the new generation of liquid crystal devices. Photoalignment of Liquid Crystalline Materials covers state-of-the-art techniques and key applications, as well as the authors’ own diffusion model for photoalignment. The book aims to stimulate new research and development in the field of liquid crystalline photoalignment and in so doing, enable the technology to be used in large scale LCD production. Key features: Provides a full examination of the mechanisms of photoalignment. Examines the properties of liquid crystals during photoalignment, with particular reference made to the effect on their chemical structure and stability. Considers the most useful photosensitive materials and preparation procedures suitable for liquid crystalline photoalignment. Presents several methods for photoalignment of liquid crystals. Compares various applications of photoalignment technology for in-cell patterned polarizers and phase retarders, transflective and micro displays, security and other liquid crystal devices. Through its interdisciplinary approach, this book is aimed at a wide range of practising electrical engineers, optical engineers, display technologists, materials scientists, physicists and chemists working on the development of liquid crystal devices. It will also appeal to researchers and graduate students taking courses on liquid crystals or display technologies. The Society for Information Display (SID) is an international society, which has the aim of encouraging the development of all aspects of the field of information display. Complementary to the aims of the society, the Wiley-SID series is intended to explain the latest developments in information display technology at a professional level. The broad scope of the series addresses all facets of information displays from technical aspects through systems and prototypes to standards and ergonomics
Book Synopsis Photocrosslinkable Polymers for Temporally Stable Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials and Dual-tone Photolithography by : Brandon Mark Rawlings
Download or read book Photocrosslinkable Polymers for Temporally Stable Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials and Dual-tone Photolithography written by Brandon Mark Rawlings and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The achievement of thermally stable second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) coefficients in polymers is an important but elusive goal in obtaining useful materials for commercial devices. In order to demonstrate the effect of photocrosslinkable groups on enhancement of stability of NLO properties, a series of NLO polymers were investigated, which contain side-chain NLO chromophores with a variable number of crosslinkable methacrylate groups attached to the chromophore opposite the main chain attachment point. Following electric field poling, polymers were crosslinked by irradiating polymer samples containing a photoinitiator. Decay of second-order NLO properties was measured by second harmonic generation (SHG), and stability of SHG coefficients was significantly enhanced after photocrosslinking for polymers containing multiple crosslinkable groups on the chromophore. Addition of reactive diluents further enhanced stability. The enhancement of thermal stability demonstrates the efficacy of photocrosslinking and suggests that the stability improvements may carry over to systems with more efficient chromophores and more stable polymer backbones. The addition of photocrosslinkable materials is also exploited in photoresists to mitigate alignment limitations on flexible substrates during photolithographic patterning by enabling imaging of two device layers in a single lithographic exposure. To facilitate the simultaneous patterning of two device layers, a new photoresist system was developed which is able to store and transfer two images concurrently. The dual-tone photoresist system has the ability to store two independent latent images, distinguished by the incident exposure light wavelength, while remaining compatible with reactive ion etch image transfer processes. A modified chemically amplified photoresist for 193 nm lithography containing an added photobase generator (PBG) leads to a dual-threshold behavior of the dissolution vs. dose contrast curve that enables pitch division of patterned images. To improve these resists, a study of resist components' effects on line edge roughness and pitch division process windows was performed. The kinetics of two-stage PBGs are compared to single-stage PBGs with a view toward achieving higher acid latent image gradients at the line edge. Application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the rate constants for resist components in thin films is demonstrated and discussed as a tool for formulating dual-threshold resists.
Book Synopsis Design and Synthesis of a New Class of Photocrosslinkable Nonlinear Optical Polymers by : S. K. Tripathy
Download or read book Design and Synthesis of a New Class of Photocrosslinkable Nonlinear Optical Polymers written by S. K. Tripathy and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have developed a new class of photocrosslinkable polymers with stable second and third order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. The polymers have significant processing advantages over their inorganic counterparts. The NLO polymers have been designed as guest-host systems and as polymers with the NLO and photocrosslinkable units in the main chain and in the side chain. Cinnamoyl groups have been selected as photocrosslinking groups. Donor-acceptor substituted conjugated dyes functionalized with photocrosslinking units have been used as the NLO component. The stability of the poled and crosslinked polymers has been investigated by monitoring the decay of the second harmonic signal. No measurable decay in optical nonlinearity is observed for one of the photocrosslinked polymers up to temperatures of 160 C for a period of several hours. These results are also confirmed by monitoring the stability of the UV-visible absorption spectrum at these temperatures. Channel waveguides and diffraction gratings have been fabricated using lithographic techniques.
Book Synopsis Photocross-Linked Second Order Nonlinear Optical Polymers by : Y. M. Chen
Download or read book Photocross-Linked Second Order Nonlinear Optical Polymers written by Y. M. Chen and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report a novel method to obtain stable second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties in polymeric thin films. Photocross-linking between the NLO active molecules and a photoreactive polymer is achieved by ultraviolet irradiation subsequent to poling. The thin film exhibits a nonlinear coefficient d33 of 16.5 pm/V at a doping level of 20% by weight of NLO active molecules and possesses quite stable second order nonlinear optical properties.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Photocrosslinkable Nonlinear Optical Polymers by :
Download or read book Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Photocrosslinkable Nonlinear Optical Polymers written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An easily processable photocrosslinking guest-host system with stable second order nonlinear optical properties using polyvinylcinnamate as a host polymer has been developed. Samples were made as free standing films from photo-crosslinkable polyvinylcinnamate and different concentration levels of 3-cinnamoyloxy-4-4-(N, N'-diethylamino)-2-cinnamoyloxy phenyl azo nitrobenzene. Photo-crosslinking was carried out by ultraviolet radiation at the major wavelengths viz. 297 and 313 nm subsequent to corona poling. Dynamic mechanical properties of these polymer films were investigated. The changes in the storage and loss moduli, as well as relaxation behavior of the system upon crosslinking and poling are discussed.
Book Synopsis Optimized Processing Condition for a Photocrosslinkable Stable Nonlinear Optical Polymer by : J. Y. Lee
Download or read book Optimized Processing Condition for a Photocrosslinkable Stable Nonlinear Optical Polymer written by J. Y. Lee and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The optimum processing condition for a photocrosslinking nonlinear optical (NLO) polymeric system was established. Parameters such as change in heat capacity at glass transition temperature, rate of decrease of absorbance of residual uncrosslinked chromophores, and measurement of mass loss upon heating were used to set up the optimum condition. Poly(vinyl cinnamate) was used as the photocrosslinkable polymer and 3-cinnamoyloxy-4-(4-(N, N-diethylamino)-2-cinnamoyloxy phenyl azo) nitrobenzene was used as the NLO molecule. Poling at 70 C for 5 minutes followed by photocrosslinking with a dose of 2.5 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes results in a stable second order nonlinear optical material.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Photonics by : Mool C. Gupta
Download or read book Handbook of Photonics written by Mool C. Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-05-05 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapidly growing area of photonics plays a critical role in many segments of industry, such as optical communications, information storage, electronic display, and other areas, and is the subject of intense academic and industrial research. The Handbook of Photonics serves as a single-source reference book for this exciting field. The book is divided into three sections: Photonic Materials Photonic Devices and Optics Photonic Systems Each chapter within these sections is written by well-known and respected authors and covers the latest information in many of the important aspects of photonics. The Handbook of Photonics provides a complete reference for scientists, engineers, and students working in this field.
Book Synopsis Photoprocessable Second Order Nonlinear Optical Polymers by :
Download or read book Photoprocessable Second Order Nonlinear Optical Polymers written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dye-doped polymers and polymers with covalently attached nonlinear-optical (NLO) moieties have demonstrated that large second-order susceptibilities in polymers are achievable. For practical applications, the stability of Chi(2) at elevated temperatures and the ease of processing into guided wave structures are equally important and need to be addressed. Recently, it has been reported that thermally crosslinked epoxy polymers are stable at temperatures above 100 deg C. Thermally crosslinked NLO polymers, however, require several hours of high temperature curing under a high electric field. This often leads to deterioration of the optical quality of the films. An alternative route to obtain stable, crosslinked electro-optic polymers by photochemical crosslinking has been developed in our laboratory.
Download or read book Polymer Preprints, Japan written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
