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Spillover Effects Of Risky Health Behaviors And Crime
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Book Synopsis Spillover Effects of Risky Health Behaviors and Crime by : Anne McKay Burton
Download or read book Spillover Effects of Risky Health Behaviors and Crime written by Anne McKay Burton and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State and local governments implement many policies to address issues or solve problems within their jurisdictional boundaries. Areas within the purview of state and local government policymaking include public-health-related activities like smoking and drinking, as well as policies related to the criminal justice system. These policies often have unintended (or intended) spillover effects, both in terms of externalities and spatial spillovers to nearby jurisdictions. In this dissertation I examine three different policies or innovations that were implemented at the state or local level : smoking bans in bars and restaurants, ban-the-box policies, and the introduction of ridesharing services. In Chapter 1 I examine the impact of smoking bans in bars and restaurants on the amount and location of alcohol consumption, smoking status, and the incidence of alcohol-related externalities such as drunk driving and violent crime. I exploit differential timing in the adoption of these smoking bans across state and local jurisdictions between 2004 and 2012. I find that smoking bans in bars and restaurants lead to an increase of one drink per month, on average, for individuals who drink alcohol. These increases are concentrated among occasional and former smokers. Smoking bans do not have an effect on whether individuals smoke during my sample period. I also do not find effects of smoking bans on violent crime, but there is a 4% increase in fatal drunk-driving crashes in areas with a high prevalence of smoking. These results imply that smoking bans in bars and restaurants lead to unintended consequences in the form of increased alcohol consumption and drunk driving. In Chapter 2 my coauthor and I revisit the labor market effects of ban-the-box policies, which are policies that prevent employers from asking job applicants about their previous contact with the criminal justice system. These policies are intended to reduce the stigma associated with incarceration, so as to help individuals who were recently incarcerated get their "foot in the door" to find formal-sector employment. Some of the existing research on BTB policies, however, finds that these policies lead to broad discrimination against young, non-college-educated minority men (the groups employers may believe to be most likely to have had prior contact with the criminal justice system). Using variation in exposure to these policies both within and across metropolitan statistical areas, we find no evidence of discrimination and evidence of positive employment effects for some subgroups of Hispanic men. In Chapter 3 I analyze how the introduction of ridesharing services such as Uber and Lyft into the most populous U.S. cities affected fatal motor vehicle crashes, particularly drunk-driving-related crashes. I exploit the differential introduction of Uber and Lyft into these cities during the time period 2006 to 2016. I find small declines in drunk-driver-related fatal motor vehicle incidents and small increases in overall fatal motor vehicle incidents, but I am unable to reject the null hypothesis of no effect of Uber or Lyft on these outcomes. Event studies indicate that both drunk-driver-related and overall fatal motor vehicle incidents decline over the medium-to-long term, which is consistent with both a delayed adoption of this new transportation option by riders and or drivers, and with returns to experience in driver skill for Lyft or Uber drivers.
Download or read book Crime Spillover written by Simon Hakim and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1981-10 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study in the emerging field of criminal mobility draws upon criminological, economic, and geographical insights to consider questions on where crimes take place, and why certain neighbourhoods have higher crime rates than others.
Book Synopsis Norms of Violence by : Aimée X. Delaney
Download or read book Norms of Violence written by Aimée X. Delaney and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-03-29 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Norms of Violence: Violent Socialization Processes and the Spillover Effect for Youth Crime explores the degree to which violent socialization processes, both at the macro- and micro-levels, are associated with youth criminal behavior. Based on a quantitative test of an integrated theory of social control and culture of violence, the author argues that violent socialization is a process involving physical violence, exposure to violence, and pro-violent communications. All three dimensions, in combination with national level indicators of violence, contribute to a norm of violence which, at a national-level, spills over into other dimensions of society, including the family environment. This book seeks to answer if violent socialization processes truly control youth behavior. Various quantitative methods are used to demonstrate how violent socialization tends to be more prevalent in nations with indicators of violence compared to nations without such indicators. The spilling over of violence into socialization processes creates a context of violence normalized as a form of social control, which exacerbates youth criminal behavior within pro-violent nations. This book is unique in propelling a more thorough explanation of international youth crime by focusing on both victimization (violent socialization) and offending, rather than arguing solely that victimization is a correlate of youth crime. It provides a reference point for future comparative research offering theoretical explanations for youth crime across different nations and is essential reading for those engaged in youth and juvenile justice efforts and scholars interested in issues surrounding violence, youth, and justice.
Book Synopsis Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992 by : John Enrico DiNardo
Download or read book Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992 written by John Enrico DiNardo and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a semiparametric procedure to analyze the effects of institutional and labor market factors on recent changes in the U.S. distribution of wages. The effects of these factors are estimated by applying kernel density methods to appropriately 'reweighted' samples. The procedure provides a visually clear representation of where in the density of wages these various factors exert the greatest impact. Using data from the Current Population Survey, we find, as in previous research, that de-unionization and supply and demand shocks were important factors in explaining the rise in wage inequality from 1979 to 1988. We find also compelling visual and quantitative evidence that the decline in the real value of the minimum wage explains a substantial proportion of this increase in wage inequality, particularly for women. We conclude that labor market institutions are as important as supply and demand considerations in explaining changes in the U.S. distribution of wages from 1979 to 1988.
Book Synopsis Inequality, Crime, and Health among African American Males by : Marino A. Bruce
Download or read book Inequality, Crime, and Health among African American Males written by Marino A. Bruce and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, authors draw from theoretical and methodological frameworks in the health, social and behavioral sciences to illustrate how poor outcomes among individuals and communities can be linked to the interplay of multiple factors operating at various levels.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Health Economics by : Mark V. Pauly
Download or read book Handbook of Health Economics written by Mark V. Pauly and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 1149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "As a relatively new subdiscipline of economics, health economics has made many contributions to areas of the main discipline, such as insurance economics. This volume provides a survey of the burgeoning literature on the subject of health economics." {source : site de l'éditeur].
Book Synopsis Fixing Broken Windows by : George L. Kelling
Download or read book Fixing Broken Windows written by George L. Kelling and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 1997 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cites successful examples of community-based policing.
Book Synopsis Nutrition in Women's Health by : Debra A. Krummel
Download or read book Nutrition in Women's Health written by Debra A. Krummel and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 1996 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health Sciences & Nutrition
Book Synopsis Subjective Well-Being and Security by : Dave Webb
Download or read book Subjective Well-Being and Security written by Dave Webb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-07 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Security, or the perceived lack thereof, impacts on quality of life at many levels. An important consideration is how security should be best understood. Although definitions of how to understand human security have been proposed, it is not clear how security should be measured. Security can be analyzed from different perspectives i.e., personal security, economic security, health security, political security, cyber security etc. In this volume, all facets of research pertaining to security and subjective well-being (SWB) are discussed, including among others: Objective and subjective measures of security; Multiple security dimensions; The relationship between security and SWB and possible mediators and moderators; Cultural and religious influences on security and SWB; Present and future security; Perceptions of crime in cities and regions and development of relevant indicators; Security in a globalized era and its relationship to SWB; Security, major events and SWB
Book Synopsis Handbook of the Economics of Education by : Stephen J. Machin
Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of Education written by Stephen J. Machin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-15 with total page 707 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from leading researchers, this handbook presents an accurate, self-contained survey of the current state of the economics of education. It summarises the most recent discussions in journals and elucidates new developments.
Book Synopsis Health Impact Assessment by : John Kemm
Download or read book Health Impact Assessment written by John Kemm and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2004-04-01 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health effects are often overlooked when planning development projects ranging from new runways at major airport sites to developing water supply systems to improve sanitation. Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is the assessment of the health effects, positive or negative, of a project, programme, or policy. It is therefore concerned with the health of populations and attempts to predict the future consequences for health of decisions which have not yet been implemented. HIA is a new and growing field with numerous schools of thought and areas of controversy. This book is the first to give a comprehensive overview of the concepts, theory, techniques and applications of HIA to aid all those preparing projects or carrying out assessments. It draws on examples and thinking from many different disciplines and many parts of the world. It identifies the areas of agreement and the questions remaining unanswered. It maps a confused field and signposts possible directions for future progress. HIA is intended to help decision makers in all areas foresee the consequences of their decisions, to ensure the consequences are considered and reduce the risk of population health being damaged through some indirect and unintended consequence of a decision. This book is a practical handbook for those preparing the assessments be they epidemiologists, environmentalists, health economists or public health specialists as well as serving as a conceptual guide for policy makers, decision makers and planners at national and international level. This book will serve both as a reference for the established HIA practitioner and as an introduction for the novice.
Book Synopsis Economic Aspects of Obesity by : Michael Grossman
Download or read book Economic Aspects of Obesity written by Michael Grossman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past three decades, the number of obese adults in the US has doubled and the number of obese children almost tripled. This text provides a strong foundation for evaluating the costs and benefits of various proposals designed to control obesity rates.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Crime by : Rafael Di Tella
Download or read book The Economics of Crime written by Rafael Di Tella and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-08-02 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crime rates in Latin America are among the highest in the world, creating climates of fear and lawlessness in several countries. Despite this situation, there has been a lack of systematic effort to study crime in the region or the effectiveness of policies designed to tackle it. The Economics of Crime is a powerful corrective to this academic blind spot and makes an important contribution to the current debate on causes and solutions by applying lessons learned from recent developments in the economics of crime. The Economics of Crime addresses a variety of topics, including the impact of kidnappings on investment, mandatory arrest laws, education in prisons, and the relationship between poverty and crime. Utilizining research from within and without Latin America, this book illustrates the broad range of approaches that have been efficacious in studying crime in both developing and developed nations. The Economics of Crime is a vital text for researchers, policymakers, and students of both crime and of Latin American economic policy.
Download or read book Working Paper Series written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Risking Your Health by : Damien de Walque
Download or read book Risking Your Health written by Damien de Walque and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behaviors posing risks for an individual’s health include drug use, smoking, alcohol, unhealthy eating causing obesity, and unsafe sex. While traditionally associated with richer countries, risky behaviors are becoming prevalent also in low income countries, with associated individual and social costs.
Book Synopsis Multicultural Child Maltreatment Risk Assessment by : Vassilia Binensztok
Download or read book Multicultural Child Maltreatment Risk Assessment written by Vassilia Binensztok and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-07-21 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multicultural Child Maltreatment Risk Assessment provides detailed descriptions of child maltreatment assessment and key strategies for culturally informed risk assessment in families. The book presents a new model for evaluating families that includes cultural competence, a conceptualization of adequate parenting, and strategies for reflective decision making. Chapters address a range of factors including race, ethnicity, religion, gender, and sexuality. Ten case studies, each including discussion prompts, challenge the reader to apply forensic evaluation techniques for effective and ethical decision making in complex and ambiguous cases. Both experienced mental health providers and students will come away from the book with a deeper understanding of child maltreatment and its effects, models and modes of assessment, and factors that place families at greater risk.
Book Synopsis Crime and Justice in the Trump Era by : Francis T Cullen
Download or read book Crime and Justice in the Trump Era written by Francis T Cullen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-05-21 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crime and Justice in the Trump Era documents the impact of Trump administration policies on (1) violence against women, (2) the treatment of persons of color, (3) corporate and environmental crime (both domestic and international), and (4) federal crime control policy. First, the book examines how the policies of Donald Trump’s administration have affected the rights and safety of female Americans—in particular, violence against women, including sexual assault. The book then goes on to explore President Trump’s very public stances devaluing people of color—whether they reside within the nation’s borders or are seeking entry into the United States. Next, the collection evaluates the collateral costs attached to the ongoing campaign to reduce regulations that protect consumers, workers, and the environment. Likewise, the valuing America’s narrow self-interests may also have effects internationally, where crime and violence may be tied to Trump’s promotion of White nationalism, toleration of human rights violations, and denial of climate change. Lastly, criminal justice policies are examined, both in the early stages of Trump’s presidency, which were marked by his get-tough rhetoric, along with the more recent support for the First Step Act. The authors represent different perspectives in the discipline—critical/feminist and mainstream criminologists, quantitative and qualitative scholars, and students of both street and white-collar crime. Taken together, this book reflects a variety of criminological voices and advances immeasurably our understanding of the Trump administration’s influence on crime and justice in America. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Victims & Offenders: An International Journal of Evidence-based Research, Policy, and Practice.
