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Author : Irwin Pollack
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (881 download)
Download or read book Speech communications at high noise levels written by Irwin Pollack and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Harvey Fletcher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)
Download or read book Speech and Hearing in Communication written by Harvey Fletcher and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ghazaleh Vaziri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Changes in Speech Production Induced by Conventional and Level-Dependent Hearing Protectors and Noise Characteristics written by Ghazaleh Vaziri and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David A. Harris
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475760094
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)
Download or read book Noise Control Manual written by David A. Harris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excessive noise levels are generally acknowledged to have adverse effects on our environment. Studies indicate that excessive noise levels can cause fatigue in exposed individuals, lower efficiency and productivity, impaired speech communication, and hearing loss. Excessive noise is almost everywhere today - in the office, in schools, hospitals and other institutional facilities, in all classes of public buildings, and in our factories. INDUSTRIAL NOISE High noise levels in factories can make speech communication in the plant difficult and at times impossible. Foremen are often unable to hear warning shouts from co-workers. The problem of hearing loss due to excessive noise exposure is of particular concern to industry, and to the federal government. In the early 1970s, the United States Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) which sets criteria for health hazards and established limits for noise exposure of industrial workers. The OSHA Noise Standard was amended in 1982 to require audiometric testing of all employees exposed to noise levels of 85 dB or above for eight hours. A NOISE IN COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS While noise levels in offices, stores, schools, and other commercial and institutional buildings seldom reach those encountered in many industrial environments, they often reach levels which are distracting to the occupants of such buildings. Impairment of speech communica tion among workers, or inversely the lack of speech privacy, are both deterrents to effiCiency and productivity and are detrimental to the occupants' comfort and sense of well-being.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)
Download or read book Speech Intelligibility in Noise Using Throat and Acoustic Microphones written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rotary-wing aircraft crew are exposed to high levels of ambient noise that can cause hearing loss and impede speech communication. Existing technology generally focuses on the listener and devices that can increase the signal-to-noise ratio and decrease noise-induced hearing loss. However, speech intelligibility is still dependent on the quality of the original speech signal. Throat microphones greatly reduce ambient noise in the original signal, thus enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio for the listener, but higher frequencies are eliminated which may negatively affect speech intelligibility. Speech intelligibility for signals generated by an acoustic microphone, a throat microphone, and the two microphones together was assessed using the Modified Rhyme Test (MRT). Stimulus words were digitally recorded in a reverberant chamber with broadband noise intensity at 90 dB(A) and 106 dB(A). Listeners completed the MRT task in the same seflings, thus simulating typical environments of a rotary-wing aircraft. Results show that speech intelligibility is much worse for the throat microphone than for the acoustic microphone, particularly for the higher noise level. In addition, no benefit is gained by adding the throat microphone signal to the acoustic microphone signal.
Author : Eric J Arnott
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0340813199
Total Pages : 889 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (48 download)
Download or read book A New Beginning in Sight written by Eric J Arnott and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-11-20 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consultant eye surgeon, Eric Arnott, was one of the original pioneers of small-incision surgery. He was the first to perform modern Phaco surgery in Europe and designed lens implants that have restored the sight to millions of patients. The word autobiography is simply insufficient to describe this book, which is a remarkable testament to the life, works and marriage of a remarkable man. The book details the original invention of the lens implant by Harold Ridley, who Eric worked with in his early years of medical training. It goes on to follow the development of small-incision Phaco surgery, instigated by Charlie Kelman, and the disinterest and contempt held by the peers of these ophthalmologic pioneers. The author describes every advance in this field of ophthalmology in fascinating detail. The importance to Eric of religion, spirituality, family life and helping others less fortunate than himself is reinforced in this enthralling and at times very amusing read. Arnott draws you into his narrative, rousing thoughts of disbelief as you are compelled to continue reading, each new chapter and event in his life proving as fascinating as the last. Entertaining and illuminating, A New Beginning in Sight provides a detailed history of ophthalmology and is essential reading for ophthalmologists, other specialists and non-specialists alike.
Author : Alice Harriet Suter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (223 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Noise on Speech and Warning Signals written by Alice Harriet Suter and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To assess the effects of noise on speech communication it is necessary to examine certain characteristics of the speech signal. Speech level can be measured by a variety of methods, none of which has yet been standardized, and it should be kept in mind that vocal effort increases with background noise level and with different types of activity. Noise and filtering commonly degrade the speech signal, especially as it is transmitted through communications systems. Intelligibility is also adversely affected by distance, reverberation, and monaural listening. Communication systems currently in use may cause strain and delays on the part of the listener, but there are many possibilities for improvement. Individuals who need to communicate in noise may be subject to voice disorders. Shouted speech becomes progressively less intelligible at high voice levels, but improvements can be realized when talkers use 'clear speech.' Tolerable listening levels are lower for negative than for positive S/Ns, and comfortable listening levels should be at a S/N of at least 5 dB, and preferably above 10 dB. Popular methods to predict speech intelligibility in noise include the Articulation Index, Speech Interference Level, Speech Transmission Index, and the sound level meter's A-weighting network. This report describes these methods, discussing certain advantages and disadvantages of each, and shows their interrelations.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Safety Standards written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Department of the Army
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book Handbook for Environmental Impact Analysis written by United States. Department of the Army and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Journal of Special Operations Medicine written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781496001597
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Occupational Noise Exposure written by Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-02-19 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Congress declared that its purpose was to assure, so far as possible, safe and healthful working conditions for every working man and woman and to preserve our human resources. In this Act, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is charged with recommending occupational safety and health standards and describing exposure concentrations that are safe for various periods of employment-including but not limited to concentrations at which no worker will suffer diminished health, functional capacity, or life expectancy as a result of his or her work experience. By means of criteria documents, NIOSH communicates these recommended standards to regulatory agencies (including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA]) and to others in the occupational safety and health community. Criteria documents provide the scientific basis for new occupational safety and health standards. These documents generally contain a critical review of the scientific and technical information available on the prevalence of hazards, the existence of safety and health risks, and the adequacy of control methods. In addition to transmitting these documents to the Department of Labor, NIOSH also distributes them to health professionals in academic institutions, industry, organized labor, public interest groups, and other government agencies. In 1972, NIOSH published Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Noise, which provided the basis for a recommended standard to reduce the risk of developing permanent hearing loss as a result of occupational noise exposure [NIOSH 1972]. NIOSH has now evaluated the latest scientific information and has revised some of its previous recommendations. The 1998 recommendations go beyond attempting to conserve hearing by focusing on preventing occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). This criteria document reevaluates and reaffirms the recommended exposure limit (REL) for occupational noise exposure established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in 1972. The REL is 85 decibels, A-weighted, as an 8-hr time-weighted average (85 dBA as an 8-hr TWA). Exposures at or above this level are hazardous. By incorporating the 4000-Hz audiometric frequency into the definition of hearing impairment in the risk assessment, NIOSH has found an 8% excess risk of developing occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) during a 40-year lifetime exposure at the 85-dBA REL. NIOSH has also found that scientific evidence supports the use of a 3-dB exchange rate for the calculation of TWA exposures to noise. The recommendations in this document go beyond attempts to conserve hearing by focusing on prevention of occupational NIHL. For workers whose noise exposures equal or exceed 85 dBA, NIOSH recommends a hearing loss prevention program (HLPP) that includes exposure assessment, engineering and administrative controls, proper use of hearing protectors, audiometric evaluation, education and motivation, recordkeeping, and program audits and evaluations. Audiometric evaluation is an important component of an HLPP. To provide early identification of workers with increasing hearing loss, NIOSH has revised the criterion for significant threshold shift to an increase of 15 dB in the hearing threshold level (HTL) at 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, or 6000 Hz in either ear, as determined by two consecutive tests. To permit timely intervention and prevent further hearing losses in workers whose HTLs have increased because of occupational noise exposure, NIOSH no longer recommends age correction on individual audiograms.
Author : George E. Renaud
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (434 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Speech and Noise Level on the Masking of Speech by Pure Tones and Random Noise written by George E. Renaud and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A considerable body of data exists on the effects of various types of interference on speech. To a large extent these data are concerned with the ability of the human to extract information from speech, without regard as to how the signal reached him from its source. For various reasons many of the data in the literature are not applicable to speech communications. This report was written in an attempt to tie together many of the data which pertain to the ability of the operator to derive intelligence from a speech signal when his signal has been altered by processes which occur or could occur in a communication link. No attempt has been made to present a complete summary of all the data in existence in this area. The accent has been on the auditory response of the operator. There were two major purposes in writing this report. The first was to indicate that it is not necessary to build a hi-fi system when the purpose is to transmit information by means of voice. The second is to indicate the lower limits of system performance which can be tolerated and still operate with some degree of efficiency. In other words, the design and subsequent successful operation of any voice communication system can be made easier when the operator is considered as a functional operating link (subsystem) in the system.
Author : S. Z. Mansdorf
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111958146X
Total Pages : 1250 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Occupational Safety and Health written by S. Z. Mansdorf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 1250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quick, easy-to-consult source of practical overviews on wide-ranging issues of concern for those responsible for the health and safety of workers This new and completely revised edition of the popular Handbook is an ideal, go-to resource for those who need to anticipate, recognize, evaluate, and control conditions that can cause injury or illness to employees in the workplace. Devised as a “how-to” guide, it offers a mix of theory and practice while adding new and timely topics to its core chapters, including prevention by design, product stewardship, statistics for safety and health, safety and health management systems, safety and health management of international operations, and EHS auditing. The new edition of Handbook of Occupational Safety and Health has been rearranged into topic sections to better categorize the flow of the chapters. Starting with a general introduction on management, it works its way up from recognition of hazards to safety evaluations and risk assessment. It continues on the health side beginning with chemical agents and ending with medical surveillance. The book also offers sections covering normal control practices, physical hazards, and management approaches (which focuses on legal issues and workers compensation). Features new chapters on current developments like management systems, prevention by design, and statistics for safety and health Written by a number of pioneers in the safety and health field Offers fast overviews that enable individuals not formally trained in occupational safety to quickly get up to speed Presents many chapters in a "how-to" format Featuring contributions from numerous experts in the field, Handbook of Occupational Safety and Health, 3rd Edition is an excellent tool for promoting and maintaining the physical, mental, and social well-being of workers in all occupations and is important to a company’s financial, moral, and legal welfare.
Author : Leena Rantala
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1527528472
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (275 download)
Download or read book Voice Ergonomics written by Leena Rantala and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A well-functioning voice is part of the professional skills needed in many occupations. Although voice is an important communication tool, it is more than that: it is something which reflects human identity. The need for speech and voice is growing in spite of increasing technology applications; even instruments and technical equipment are guided by voice. The number of people having voice problems is increasing, which implies that voice does not always function according to the speakers’ needs. Voice ergonomics has been developed for improving voice health and care. This book offers background knowledge and concrete guidelines on how to improve communication environments and practices for decreasing voice loading.
Author : Kent C. Williams
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Environmental Noise Assessment, Hartsfield International Airport, Atlanta, Georgia written by Kent C. Williams and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Noise: Its Effect on Man and Machine written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Committee Serial No. 13. Reviews research on control of aircraft noise.
Author : Acoustical Society of America
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1452 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America written by Acoustical Society of America and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
