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Spectrotemporal Processing And Intrinsic Functional Connectivity In Human Auditory Cortex
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Book Synopsis Spectrotemporal Processing and Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Human Auditory Cortex by : Kuwook Cha
Download or read book Spectrotemporal Processing and Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Human Auditory Cortex written by Kuwook Cha and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Studying the interaction and connectivity between neurons is important to understanding human perception and behaviors. Functional connectivity, defined as temporal coherence between recordings of neural activity in different locations, is a promising paradigm to study intrinsic dynamics of brain activity. In mammalian sensory cortices, intrinsic functional connectivity revealed by recording spontaneous activity has been positively correlated to sensory tuning similarities of neurons. Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have also demonstrated similar patterns with respect to retinotopy and somatotopy. Such coherent spontaneous activity have also been reported to be associated with behavior and perception. This thesis seeks to understand the nature of coherent spontaneous activity, that is, intrinsic functional connectivity, in human auditory cortex in relation to its spectrotemporal processing. In Study 1, we obtained fMRI responses to pure tone stimuli and estimated best (preferred) frequencies of individual voxels in human auditory cortex. Intrinsic functional connectivity was computed by correlating residual activity, which was obtained by subtracting stimulus effects from fMRI responses, between every pair of voxels, and their correlations were sorted by difference in best frequencies. This analysis revealed that intrinsic functional connectivity decreases as the difference in best frequencies of paired voxels increases. This effect was consistent within and across hemispheres, and within and across regions of core and belt areas. The effect was preserved even after correcting functional connectivity for distance between voxels. Functional connectivity of the right core area had particularly high frequency preference specificity compared to the other three areas. Consistent results were observed when resting-epoch data were used. Study 2 was designed not only to generalize the tuning specificity of functional connectivity to spectrotemporal tuning properties, but to address functional implications of having tuning-specific functional connectivity. The cortical activity measured in fMRI in response to 72 natural sounds were analyzed to characterize spectrotemporal modulation transfer functions (MTFs) of individual voxels that are parameterized by characteristic frequency, spectral density and modulation rate. These tuning functions provided enough information to classify novel sounds from separate test datasets. Intrinsic functional connectivity was computed by correlating residual activity taken from auditory responses and resting-state activity from a separate run. Functional connectivity from both activity types was specific to the three tuning parameters. To examine the implication of functional connectivity on spectrotemporal processing, we built a model that combines spectrotemporal tuning functions and functional connectivity to predict voxel activity, and tested whether single-trial stimulus identification based on this model is improved compared to the model which uses the tuning functions. When functional connectivity was incorporated into the model, single-trial decoding performance was better than when only the tuning functions are used. The effect was preserved across primary and non-primary auditory cortex in both hemispheres. The results were also confirmed when maximum likelihood decoders with covariance estimated from residual or resting-state activity were used. The findings in the above studies suggest that functional connectivity in human auditory cortex is associated with its functional and anatomical architecture, and that tuning-specifically coherent spontaneous activity is functionally important to neural encoding and decoding mechanisms. " --
Book Synopsis The Human Auditory Cortex by : David Poeppel
Download or read book The Human Auditory Cortex written by David Poeppel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in a complex and dynamically changing acoustic environment. To this end, the auditory cortex of humans has developed the ability to process a remarkable amount of diverse acoustic information with apparent ease. In fact, a phylogenetic comparison of auditory systems reveals that human auditory association cortex in particular has undergone extensive changes relative to that of other species, although our knowledge of this remains incomplete. In contrast to other senses, human auditory cortex receives input that is highly pre-processed in a number of sub-cortical structures; this suggests that even primary auditory cortex already performs quite complex analyses. At the same time, much of the functional role of the various sub-areas in human auditory cortex is still relatively unknown, and a more sophisticated understanding is only now emerging through the use of contemporary electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques. The integration of results across the various techniques signify a new era in our knowledge of how human auditory cortex forms basis for auditory experience. This volume on human auditory cortex will have two major parts. In Part A, the principal methodologies currently used to investigate human auditory cortex will be discussed. Each chapter will first outline how the methodology is used in auditory neuroscience, highlighting the challenges of obtaining data from human auditory cortex; second, each methods chapter will provide two or (at most) three brief examples of how it has been used to generate a major result about auditory processing. In Part B, the central questions for auditory processing in human auditory cortex are covered. Each chapter can draw on all the methods introduced in Part A but will focus on a major computational challenge the system has to solve. This volume will constitute an important contemporary reference work on human auditory cortex. Arguably, this will be the first and most focused book on this critical neurological structure. The combination of different methodological and experimental approaches as well as a diverse range of aspects of human auditory perception ensures that this volume will inspire novel insights and spurn future research.
Book Synopsis Feature-dependent Intrinsic Functional Connectivity Within and Across Cortical Depths in the Human Auditory Cortex by : 吳僕射
Download or read book Feature-dependent Intrinsic Functional Connectivity Within and Across Cortical Depths in the Human Auditory Cortex written by 吳僕射 and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Auditory Cortex by : Jeffery A. Winer
Download or read book The Auditory Cortex written by Jeffery A. Winer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.
Book Synopsis Neural Correlates of Auditory Cognition by : Yale E. Cohen
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Auditory Cognition written by Yale E. Cohen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-19 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hearing and communication present a variety of challenges to the nervous system. To be heard and understood, a communication signal must be transformed from a time-varying acoustic waveform to a perceptual representation to an even more abstract representation that integrates memory stores with semantic/referential information. Finally, this complex, abstract representation must be interpreted to form categorical decisions that guide behavior. Did I hear the stimulus? From where and whom did it come? What does it tell me? How can I use this information to plan an action? All of these issues and questions underlie auditory cognition. Since the early 1990s, there has been a re-birth of studies that test the neural correlates of auditory cognition with a unique emphasis on the use of awake, behaving animals as model. Continuing today, how and where in the brain neural correlates of auditory cognition are formed is an intensive and active area of research. Importantly, our understanding of the role that the cortex plays in hearing has the potential to impact the next generation of cochlear- and brainstem-auditory implants and consequently help those with hearing impairments. Thus, it is timely to produce a volume that brings together this exciting literature on the neural correlates of auditory cognition. This volume compliments and extends many recent SHAR volumes such as Sound Source Localization (2005) Auditory Perception of Sound Sources (2007), and Human Auditory Cortex (2010). For example, in many of these volumes, similar issues are discussed such as auditory-object identification and perception with different emphases: in Auditory Perception of Sound Sources, authors discuss the underlying psychophysics/behavior, whereas in the Human Auditory Cortex, fMRI data are presented. The unique contribution of the proposed volume is that the authors will integrate both of these factors to highlight the neural correlates of cognition/behavior. Moreover, unlike other these other volumes, the neurophysiological data will emphasize the exquisite spatial and temporal resolution of single-neuron [as opposed to more coarse fMRI or MEG data] responses in order to reveal the elegant representations and computations used by the nervous system.
Book Synopsis Auditory Spectral Processing by : Manuel S. Malmierca
Download or read book Auditory Spectral Processing written by Manuel S. Malmierca and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2005-11-23 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All natural auditory signals, including human speech and animal communication signals, are spectrally and temporally complex, that is, they contain multiple frequencies and their frequency composition, or spectrum, varies over time. The ability of hearers to identify and localize these signals depends on analysis of their spectral composition. For the overwhelming majority of human listeners spoken language is the major means of social communication, and this communication therefore depends on spectral analysis. Spectral analysis begins in the cochlea, but is then elaborated at various stages along the auditory pathways in the brain that lead from the cochlea to the cerebral cortex. The broad purpose of Auditory Spectral Processing is to provide a comprehensive account of the way in which spectral information is processed in the brain and the way in which this information is used by listeners to identify and localize sounds. Examines spectral processing mechanisms at different levels along the auditory neuraxis, from the cochlear nucleus to the cortex Reviews in detail psychophysical and neurophysiological evidence on the way in which spectral information is processed within and across frequency channels Presents information on the nature of the spectral information required for speech and music perception Examines a series of issues that relate to the role of spectral analysis in higher order/cognitive aspects of hearing and in clinical and applied contexts
Book Synopsis Multisensory Processes by : Adrian K. C. Lee
Download or read book Multisensory Processes written by Adrian K. C. Lee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-08 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Auditory behavior, perception, and cognition are all shaped by information from other sensory systems. This volume examines this multi-sensory view of auditory function at levels of analysis ranging from the single neuron to neuroimaging in human clinical populations. Visual Influence on Auditory Perception Adrian K.C. Lee and Mark T. Wallace Cue Combination within a Bayesian Framework David Alais and David Burr Toward a Model of Auditory-Visual Speech Intelligibility Ken W. Grant and Joshua G. W. Bernstein An Object-based Interpretation of Audiovisual Processing Adrian K.C. Lee, Ross K. Maddox, and Jennifer K. Bizley Hearing in a “Moving” Visual World: Coordinate Transformations Along the Auditory Pathway Shawn M. Willett, Jennifer M. Groh, Ross K. Maddox Multisensory Processing in the Auditory Cortex Andrew J. King, Amy Hammond-Kenny, Fernando R. Nodal Audiovisual Integration in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex Bethany Plakke and Lizabeth M. Romanski Using Multisensory Integration to Understand Human Auditory Cortex Michael S. Beauchamp Combining Voice and Face Content in the Primate Temporal Lobe Catherine Perrodin and Christopher I. Petkov Neural Network Dynamics and Audiovisual Integration Julian Keil and Daniel Senkowski Cross-Modal Learning in the Auditory System Patrick Bruns and Brigitte Röder Multisensory Processing Differences in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder Sarah H. Baum Miller, Mark T. Wallace Adrian K.C. Lee is Associate Professor in the Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences and the Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences at the University of Washington, Seattle Mark T. Wallace is the Louise B McGavock Endowed Chair and Professor in the Departments of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Psychiatry, Psychology and Director of the Vanderbilt Brain Institute at Vanderbilt University, Nashville Allison B. Coffin is Associate Professor in the Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience at Washington State University, Vancouver, WA Arthur N. Popper is Professor Emeritus and research professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Maryland, College Park Richard R. Fay is Distinguished Research Professor of Psychology at Loyola University, Chicago
Book Synopsis Modulation of Human Auditory Cortex with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation by : Reiko Matsushita
Download or read book Modulation of Human Auditory Cortex with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation written by Reiko Matsushita and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Hemispheric asymmetries in processing of different acoustic features are well-known aspect of the auditory cortex. According to one model; the auditory cortex in the left hemisphere is tuned to process rapidly changing temporal information, which are abundant in human speech, and the auditory cortex in the right hemisphere play a dominant role in spectral processing hence significantly contributing to pitch processing. In the past, this spectral-temporal model of the auditory cortex has been addressed mainly using neuroimaging techniques, which inform us about correlational relationships between behaviors and brain activities. In the present thesis, we seek causal evidence that supports the spectral-temporal model, focusing on the right-hemisphere dominance in pitch processing, using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).tDCS is a relatively new technique, which has potential to allow us to address the causal role of certain brain activities, to explore functional connectivity, and possibly to help different neurological and psychological conditions. However, little is known about the mechanisms of tDCS, especially in the auditory domain. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of tDCS in the human auditory system, and to develop a protocol to assess the right-hemisphere dominance in pitch processing and learning using tDCS.In the first study (chapter 2), we established a behavioural paradigm to test tDCS-induced effect on pitch processing using a pitch discrimination test called micromelody discrimination task. In this task short tone patterns using small (
Book Synopsis Representation of Statistical Sound Properties in Human Auditory Cortex by : T. Overath
Download or read book Representation of Statistical Sound Properties in Human Auditory Cortex written by T. Overath and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work carried out in this doctoral thesis investigated the representation of statistical sound properties in human auditory cortex. It addressed four key aspects in auditory neuroscience: the representation of different analysis time windows in auditory cortex; mechanisms for the analysis and segregation of auditory objects; information-theoretic constraints on pitch sequence processing; and the analysis of local and global pitch patterns. The majority of the studies employed a parametric design in which the statistical properties of a single acoustic parameter were altered along a continuum, while keeping other sound properties fixed. The thesis is divided into four parts. Part I (Chapter 1) examines principles of anatomical and functional organisation that constrain the problems addressed. Part II (Chapter 2) introduces approaches to digital stimulus design, principles of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and the analysis of fMRI data. Part III (Chapters 3-6) reports five experimental studies. Study 1 controlled the spectrotemporal correlation in complex acoustic spectra and showed that activity in auditory association cortex increases as a function of spectrotemporal correlation. Study 2 demonstrated a functional hierarchy of the representation of auditory object boundaries and object salience. Studies 3 and 4 investigated cortical mechanisms for encoding entropy in pitch sequences and showed that the planum temporale acts as a computational hub, requiring more computational resources for sequences with high entropy than for those with high redundancy. Study 5 provided evidence for a hierarchical organisation of local and global pitch pattern processing in neurologically normal participants. Finally, Part IV (Chapter 7) concludes with a general discussion of the results and future perspectives.
Book Synopsis Neural Masses and Fields: Modelling the Dynamics of Brain Activity by : Karl Friston
Download or read book Neural Masses and Fields: Modelling the Dynamics of Brain Activity written by Karl Friston and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-05-25 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biophysical modelling of brain activity has a long and illustrious history and has recently profited from technological advances that furnish neuroimaging data at an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. Neuronal modelling is a very active area of research, with applications ranging from the characterization of neurobiological and cognitive processes, to constructing artificial brains in silico and building brain-machine interface and neuroprosthetic devices. Biophysical modelling has always benefited from interdisciplinary interactions between different and seemingly distant fields; ranging from mathematics and engineering to linguistics and psychology. This Research Topic aims to promote such interactions by promoting papers that contribute to a deeper understanding of neural activity as measured by fMRI or electrophysiology. In general, mean field models of neural activity can be divided into two classes: neural mass and neural field models. The main difference between these classes is that field models prescribe how a quantity characterizing neural activity (such as average depolarization of a neural population) evolves over both space and time as opposed to mass models, which characterize activity over time only; by assuming that all neurons in a population are located at (approximately) the same point. This Research Topic focuses on both classes of models and considers several aspects and their relative merits that: span from synapses to the whole brain; comparisons of their predictions with EEG and MEG spectra of spontaneous brain activity; evoked responses, seizures, and fitting data - to infer brain states and map physiological parameters.
Book Synopsis Neuroimaging of Human Auditory Cortex by : Naghmeh Ghazaleh
Download or read book Neuroimaging of Human Auditory Cortex written by Naghmeh Ghazaleh and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mots-clés de l'autrice: Auditory cortex ; High-field fMRI ; Tinnitus ; Hyperacusis ; Functional connectivity ; Effective connectivity.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Voice Perception by : Sascha Frühholz
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Voice Perception written by Sascha Frühholz and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech perception has been the focus of innumerable studies over the past decades. While our abilities to recognize individuals by their voice state plays a central role in our everyday social interactions, limited scientific attention has been devoted to the perceptual and cerebral mechanisms underlying nonverbal information processing in voices. The Oxford Handbook of Voice Perception takes a comprehensive look at this emerging field and presents a selection of current research in voice perception. The forty chapters summarise the most exciting research from across several disciplines covering acoustical, clinical, evolutionary, cognitive, and computational perspectives. In particular, this handbook offers an invaluable window into the development and evolution of the 'vocal brain', and considers in detail the voice processing abilities of non-human animals or human infants. By providing a full and unique perspective on the recent developments in this burgeoning area of study, this text is an important and interdisciplinary resource for students, researchers, and scientific journalists interested in voice perception.
Book Synopsis Spectro-Temporal Processing of Dynamic Broadband Sounds in Auditory Cortex by :
Download or read book Spectro-Temporal Processing of Dynamic Broadband Sounds in Auditory Cortex written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Partial contents: Introductory Material: Motivation, Sound Features, Stimulus Construction, Spectro-Temporal Response Field (STRF), Interpreting STRFs, Spectro-Temporal Response Field (STRF) Transfer Function, Stimulus Types;Single Moving Ripple, Multiple Individual Ripples, Spike Train Measurements, Spectro-Temporal Noise, Temporally Orthogonal Ripple Combinations (TORCs), Spectro-Temporal Response Fields; STRFs Compared, Fully Separable STRF Separability, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Predicting Responses to Novel Stimuli; Predicting Responses, Predictions and Responses, Non-Linearities; Non-Linearity Predictions, Non-Linearity Theory, Spectro-Temporal Rate-Level Functions.
Book Synopsis Hierarchy and Invariance in Auditory Cortical Computation by : Alexander James Eaton Kell
Download or read book Hierarchy and Invariance in Auditory Cortical Computation written by Alexander James Eaton Kell and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With ease, we recognize a friend's voice in a crowd, or pick out the first violin in a concerto. But the effortlessness of everyday perception masks its computational challenge. Perception does not occur in the eyes and ears - indeed, nearly half of primate cortex is dedicated to it. While much is known about peripheral auditory processing, auditory cortex remains poorly understood. This thesis addresses basic questions about the functional and computational organization of human auditory cortex through three studies. In the first study we show that a hierarchical neural network model optimized to recognize speech and music does so at human levels, exhibits a similar pattern of behavioral errors, and predicts cortical responses, as measured with fMRI. The multi-task optimization procedure we introduce produces separate music and speech pathways after a shared front end, potentially recapitulating aspects of auditory cortical functional organization. Within the model, different layers best predict primary and non-primary voxels, revealing a hierarchical organization in human auditory cortex. We then seek to characterize the representational transformations that occur across stages of the putative cortical hierarchy, probing for one candidate: invariance to realworld background noise. To measure invariance, we correlate voxel responses to natural sounds with and without real-world background noise. Non-primary responses are substantially more noise-invariant than primary responses. These results illustrate a representational consequence of the potential hierarchical organization of the auditory system. Lastly, we explore of the generality of deep neural networks as models of human hearing by simulating many psychophysical and fMRI experiments on the above-described neural network model. The results provide an extensive comparison of the performance characteristics and internal representations of a deep neural network with those of humans. We observe many similarities that suggest that the model replicates a broad variety of aspects of auditory perception. However, we also find discrepancies that suggest targets for future modeling efforts.
Book Synopsis Myeloarchitecture and Intrinsic Functional Connectivity of Auditory Cortex in Musicians with Absolute Pitch by : Seung Goo Kim
Download or read book Myeloarchitecture and Intrinsic Functional Connectivity of Auditory Cortex in Musicians with Absolute Pitch written by Seung Goo Kim and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Linear Stimulus-Invariant Processing and Spectrotemporal Reverse Correlation in Primary Auditory Cortex by :
Download or read book Linear Stimulus-Invariant Processing and Spectrotemporal Reverse Correlation in Primary Auditory Cortex written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spectrotemporal receptive field (STRF) provides a versatile and integrated (spectral and temporal) functional characterization of single cells in primary auditory cortex (AI). We explore in this paper the origin and relationship between several different ways of measuring and analyzing the STRF. Specifically, we demonstrate that STRFs measured using a spectrotemporally diverse array of broadband stimuli - such as dynamic ripples, spectrotemporally white noise (STWN), and temporally orthogonal ripple combinations (TORCs) are very similar, confirming earlier findings that the STRF is a robust linear descriptor of the cell. We also present a new deterministic analysis framework that employs the Fourier series to describe the spectrotemporal modulation frequency content of the stimuli and responses. Additional insights into the STRF measurements, including the nature and interpretation of measurement errors, is presented using the Fourier transform, coupled to singular-value decomposition (SVD), and variability analyses including bootstrap. The results promote the utility of the STRF as a core functional descriptor of neurons in AI.
Book Synopsis Tinnitus: Pathophysiology and Treatment by : Aage R. Moller
Download or read book Tinnitus: Pathophysiology and Treatment written by Aage R. Moller and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-11-16 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding tinnitus and treating patients with tinnitus must involve many disciplines of basic science and clinical practice. The book provides comprehensive coverage of a wide range of topics related to tinnitus including its pathophysiology, etiology and treatment. The chapters are written by researchers and clinicians who are active in the areas of basic science such as neurophysiology and neuroanatomy and in clinical specialties of psychology, psychiatry, audiology and otolaryngology. * Comprehensive coverage of the pathology and cause of tinnitus including genetics * Hyperacusis, phonophobia and other abnormalities in perception of sounds * The role of neural plasticity in tinnitus
