Spectro Temporal Methods In Primary Auditory Cortex

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Spectro-Temporal Methods in Primary Auditory Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (742 download)

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Download or read book Spectro-Temporal Methods in Primary Auditory Cortex written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Primary Auditory Cortex (AI) of ferrets, we characterize the spectro-temporal properties of cells responses. We find that the responses correspond to temporal modulations from 4 to 40 Hz, and spectral modulations from 0 to 2 cycles/octave, in the stimulus spectro-temporal envelope. The Spectro-Temporal Response Function (STRF) is the linear component of the response. It is an excellent predictor of response. Different methods of determining the STRF are in good agreement, make similar (and similarly accurate) predictions. This briefing examines Spike-Triggered Averaging. Spike-Triggered Averaging is an effective method to measure the STRF, when used with Temporally Orthogonal Ripple Combinations (TORCs) as stimuli. Spike-Triggered Averaging methods do not depend on quadrant separability, and provide a good method for seeking non-quadrant separable responses.

Robust Spectro-Temporal Reverse Correlation for the Auditory System: Optimizing Stimulus Design

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Robust Spectro-Temporal Reverse Correlation for the Auditory System: Optimizing Stimulus Design by :

Download or read book Robust Spectro-Temporal Reverse Correlation for the Auditory System: Optimizing Stimulus Design written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spectro-temporal receptive field (STRF) is a functional descriptor of the linear processing of time-varying acoustic spectra by the auditory system. By cross-correlating sustained neuronal activity with the dynamic spectrum' of a spectro-temporally rich stimulus ensemble, one obtains an estimate of the STRF. In this paper, the relationship between the spectro-temporal structure of any given stimulus and the quality of the STRF estimate is explored, and exploited. Invoking the Fourier theorem, arbitrary dynamic spectra are described as sums of basic sinusoidal components, i.e., moving ripples.' Accurate estimation is found to be especially reliant on the prominence of components whose spectral and temporal characteristics are of relevance to the auditory locus under study, and is sensitive to the phase relationships between components with identical temporal signatures. These and other observations have guided the development and use of stimuli with deterministic dynamic spectra composed of the superposition of many temporally orthogonal' moving ripples having a restricted, relevant range of spectral scales and temporal rates. The method, termed sum-of-ripples, is similar in spirit to the whitenoise approach, ' but enjoys the same practical advantages - which equate to faster and more accurate estimation - attributable to the time-domain sum-of-sinusoids method previously employed in vision research. Application of the method is exemplified with both modeled data and experimental data from ferret primary auditory cortex (AI).

Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience

Author : Dieter Jaeger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781461473206
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (732 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience by : Dieter Jaeger

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience written by Dieter Jaeger and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Linear Stimulus-Invariant Processing and Spectrotemporal Reverse Correlation in Primary Auditory Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Linear Stimulus-Invariant Processing and Spectrotemporal Reverse Correlation in Primary Auditory Cortex by :

Download or read book Linear Stimulus-Invariant Processing and Spectrotemporal Reverse Correlation in Primary Auditory Cortex written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spectrotemporal receptive field (STRF) provides a versatile and integrated (spectral and temporal) functional characterization of single cells in primary auditory cortex (AI). We explore in this paper the origin and relationship between several different ways of measuring and analyzing the STRF. Specifically, we demonstrate that STRFs measured using a spectrotemporally diverse array of broadband stimuli - such as dynamic ripples, spectrotemporally white noise (STWN), and temporally orthogonal ripple combinations (TORCs) are very similar, confirming earlier findings that the STRF is a robust linear descriptor of the cell. We also present a new deterministic analysis framework that employs the Fourier series to describe the spectrotemporal modulation frequency content of the stimuli and responses. Additional insights into the STRF measurements, including the nature and interpretation of measurement errors, is presented using the Fourier transform, coupled to singular-value decomposition (SVD), and variability analyses including bootstrap. The results promote the utility of the STRF as a core functional descriptor of neurons in AI.

The Human Auditory Cortex

Author : David Poeppel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461423139
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis The Human Auditory Cortex by : David Poeppel

Download or read book The Human Auditory Cortex written by David Poeppel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in a complex and dynamically changing acoustic environment. To this end, the auditory cortex of humans has developed the ability to process a remarkable amount of diverse acoustic information with apparent ease. In fact, a phylogenetic comparison of auditory systems reveals that human auditory association cortex in particular has undergone extensive changes relative to that of other species, although our knowledge of this remains incomplete. In contrast to other senses, human auditory cortex receives input that is highly pre-processed in a number of sub-cortical structures; this suggests that even primary auditory cortex already performs quite complex analyses. At the same time, much of the functional role of the various sub-areas in human auditory cortex is still relatively unknown, and a more sophisticated understanding is only now emerging through the use of contemporary electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques. The integration of results across the various techniques signify a new era in our knowledge of how human auditory cortex forms basis for auditory experience. This volume on human auditory cortex will have two major parts. In Part A, the principal methodologies currently used to investigate human auditory cortex will be discussed. Each chapter will first outline how the methodology is used in auditory neuroscience, highlighting the challenges of obtaining data from human auditory cortex; second, each methods chapter will provide two or (at most) three brief examples of how it has been used to generate a major result about auditory processing. In Part B, the central questions for auditory processing in human auditory cortex are covered. Each chapter can draw on all the methods introduced in Part A but will focus on a major computational challenge the system has to solve. This volume will constitute an important contemporary reference work on human auditory cortex. Arguably, this will be the first and most focused book on this critical neurological structure. The combination of different methodological and experimental approaches as well as a diverse range of aspects of human auditory perception ensures that this volume will inspire novel insights and spurn future research.

The Auditory Cortex

Author : Jeffery A. Winer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441900748
Total Pages : 711 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis The Auditory Cortex by : Jeffery A. Winer

Download or read book The Auditory Cortex written by Jeffery A. Winer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.

Analysis of Physiological Systems

Author : Vasilis Marmarelis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461339707
Total Pages : 495 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Physiological Systems by : Vasilis Marmarelis

Download or read book Analysis of Physiological Systems written by Vasilis Marmarelis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In studying physiological systems bioscientists are continually faced with the problem of providing descriptions of cause-effect relationships. This task is usually carried out through the performance of stimulus-response experiments. In the past, the design of such experiments has been ad hoc, incomplete, and certainly inefficient. Worse yet, bioscientists have failed to take advantage of advances in fields directly related to their problems (specifically, advances in the area of systems analysis). The raison d'etre of this book is to rectify this deficiency by providing the physiologist with methodological tools that will be useful to him or her in everyday labora tory encounters with physiological systems. The book was written so that it would be practical, useful, and up-to date. With this in mind, parts of it give step-by-step descriptions of in the laboratory. It is hoped that this systematic procedures to be followed will increase the usefulness of the book to the average research physiologist and, perhaps, reduce the need for in-depth knowledge of some of the associated mathematics. Even though the material deals with state-of-the art techniques in systems and signal analysis, the mathematical level has been kept low so as to be comprehensible to the average physiologist with no extensive training in mathematics. To this end, mathematical rigor is often sacrificed readily to intuitive simple arguments.

Spectro-Temporal Processing of Dynamic Broadband Sounds in Auditory Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Spectro-Temporal Processing of Dynamic Broadband Sounds in Auditory Cortex by :

Download or read book Spectro-Temporal Processing of Dynamic Broadband Sounds in Auditory Cortex written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Partial contents: Introductory Material: Motivation, Sound Features, Stimulus Construction, Spectro-Temporal Response Field (STRF), Interpreting STRFs, Spectro-Temporal Response Field (STRF) Transfer Function, Stimulus Types;Single Moving Ripple, Multiple Individual Ripples, Spike Train Measurements, Spectro-Temporal Noise, Temporally Orthogonal Ripple Combinations (TORCs), Spectro-Temporal Response Fields; STRFs Compared, Fully Separable STRF Separability, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Predicting Responses to Novel Stimuli; Predicting Responses, Predictions and Responses, Non-Linearities; Non-Linearity Predictions, Non-Linearity Theory, Spectro-Temporal Rate-Level Functions.

Linear and Non-Linear Responses to Dynamic Broad-Band Spectra in Primary Auditory Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Linear and Non-Linear Responses to Dynamic Broad-Band Spectra in Primary Auditory Cortex by :

Download or read book Linear and Non-Linear Responses to Dynamic Broad-Band Spectra in Primary Auditory Cortex written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural sounds have a broad and dynamic spectral content. We have characterized primary auditory cortical neuron's responses to dynamic spectra by both linear and non-linear response measures. The linear measure -- the spectro-temporal response field (STRF) -- is expressed and measure in terms of sounds within sinusoidal dynamic spectra, i.e. moving ripples, into which any dynamic spectrum can be decomposed (via two-dimensional Fourier analysis). We can quickly measure the STRF using special combinations of moving ripples for stimuli, and hence have a linear predictor of how the cell should respond to arbitrary broad-band sounds. The non-linear response measures, which are often smaller in magnitude, describe the systematic components in the response which are not accounted for by the STRF. These effects can include rectification, saturation, and multiplicative interaction between frequency bands. They are measured using the non-linear terms a Wiener-like functional expansion of the stimulus-response relationship, but are rather more intuitively represented as dynamic, frequency dependent rate-level functions. We discuss the implications of these results, data analysis, and prediction procedures, and show examples of predicted and measured responses to speech-like ripple combinations in ferret (Mustela putorius). [Kein, D. et al. 1999, Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. Abs: 146.].

Representation of Complex Dynamic Spectra in Auditory Cortex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Representation of Complex Dynamic Spectra in Auditory Cortex by :

Download or read book Representation of Complex Dynamic Spectra in Auditory Cortex written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent neurophysiological experiments have shed new light onto how various sound features are encoded and organized in the primary auditory cortex (AI). One such feature is the envelope of broadband acoustic spectra, or spectral profile, the most important physical correlate of timbre (Plomp 1976). To determine how AI units represent complex dynamic profiles, it is essential to measure their spectro-temporal response field (STRF). This function is analogous to the receptive field of visual neurons in that it reflects the strength and dynamics of the unit responses to tones at different frequencies. A more traditional response measure of auditory units is the response area, defined roughly as the range of tone frequencies and intensities that just elicit excitatory or inhibitory responses. The response area is only useful as a qualitative predictor of a unit's responses to arbitrary broadband spectra; its measurements is also significantly affected by a host of experimental difficulties and nonlinear factors that render estimates of parameters such as bandwidth and asymmetry quantitatively inaccurate (Shamma 1993, Shamma et al. 1995a, Nelken et al. 1994). To circumvent some of these problems, we have used new techniques to measure the spectral and dynamic properties of response areas in AI (Schreiner and Calhoun 1995, Shamma et al. 1995a). The stimuli and techniques adapted from vision research (De Valois 1990) and from psychoacoustic studies (Green 1986, Hillier 1991, Summers and Leek 1994) apply linear system theory to measure the response area of cortical units. Specifically, they employ broadband spectra with sinusoidally modulated profiles against the logarithmic frequency axis or ripples shown in Fig. 1. By varying the ripple density (or frequency), amplitude, and drift velocity, one can measure a transfer function to such rippled spectra, and from it by an inverse Fourier transform obtain the STRF.

Lettre à M. le marquis d'Herbouville, colonel des volontaires de Rouen, [14 septembre 1789]

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (465 download)

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Book Synopsis Lettre à M. le marquis d'Herbouville, colonel des volontaires de Rouen, [14 septembre 1789] by :

Download or read book Lettre à M. le marquis d'Herbouville, colonel des volontaires de Rouen, [14 septembre 1789] written by and published by . This book was released on 1789 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Representation of Dynamic Broadband Spectra in Auditory Cortex

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Download or read book Representation of Dynamic Broadband Spectra in Auditory Cortex written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Primary Auditory Cortex (AI) of Ferrets, we have previously characterized cells responses to dynamic broad-band sounds. We found best responses to temporal modulations from 4 to 16 Hz, and spectral modulations from 0.4 to 1.6 cycles/octave in the stimulus's spectro-temporal envelope. The Spectro-Temporal Response Field (STRF) explains the linear component of the response to the spectro-temporal envelope of a broad-band sound. The STRF is often a good predictor of the response to an arbitrary sound. However, previous measurements of the STRF using sinusoidal spectro-temporal envelopes were hampered by the time required to accumulate data from a cell. We use sums of spectro-temporal sinusoids as stimuli: these reduce recording time; confirm quadrant spectro-temporal separability; and can be used to explore non-linearities.

The Oxford Handbook of Auditory Science: The Auditory Brain

Author : David R. Moore
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199233284
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Auditory Science: The Auditory Brain by : David R. Moore

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Auditory Science: The Auditory Brain written by David R. Moore and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-01-21 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 1: The Ear (edited by Paul Fuchs) Volume 2: The Auditory Brain (edited by Alan Palmer and Adrian Rees) Volume 3: Hearing (edited by Chris Plack) Auditory science is one of the fastest growing areas of biomedical research. There are now around 10,000 researchers in auditory science, and ten times that number working in allied professions. This growth is attributable to several major developments: Research on the inner ear has shown that elaborate systems of mechanical, transduction and neural processes serve to improve sensitivity, sharpen frequency tuning, and modulate response of the ear to sound. Most recently, the molecular machinery underlying these phenomena has been explored and described in detail. The development, maintenance, and repair of the ear are also subjects of contemporary interest at the molecular level, as is the genetics of hearing disorders due to cochlear malfunctions.

The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128054093
Total Pages : 5215 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Download or read book The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 5215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set is a comprehensive reference work covering the range of topics that constitute current knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying the different senses. This important work provides the most up-to-date, cutting-edge, comprehensive reference combining volumes on all major sensory modalities in one set. Offering 264 chapters from a distinguished team of international experts, The Senses lays out current knowledge on the anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of sensory organs, in a collection of comprehensive chapters spanning 4 volumes. Topics covered include the perception, psychophysics, and higher order processing of sensory information, as well as disorders and new diagnostic and treatment methods. Written for a wide audience, this reference work provides students, scholars, medical doctors, as well as anyone interested in neuroscience, a comprehensive overview of the knowledge accumulated on the function of sense organs, sensory systems, and how the brain processes sensory input. As with the first edition, contributions from leading scholars from around the world will ensure The Senses offers a truly international portrait of sensory physiology. The set is the definitive reference on sensory neuroscience and provides the ultimate entry point into the review and original literature in Sensory Neuroscience enabling students and scientists to delve into the subject and deepen their knowledge. All-inclusive coverage of topics: updated edition offers readers the only current reference available covering neurobiology, physiology, anatomy, and molecular biology of sense organs and the processing of sensory information in the brain Authoritative content: world-leading contributors provide readers with a reputable, dynamic and authoritative account of the topics under discussion Comprehensive-style content: in-depth, complex coverage of topics offers students at upper undergraduate level and above full insight into topics under discussion

The Auditory Cortex

Author : Peter Heil
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135613362
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis The Auditory Cortex by : Peter Heil

Download or read book The Auditory Cortex written by Peter Heil and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005-05-06 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding human hearing is not only a scientific challenge but also a problem of growing social and political importance, given the steadily increasing numbers of people with hearing deficits or even deafness. This book is about the highest level of hearing in humans and other mammals. It brings together studies of both humans and animals thereby giving a more profound understanding of the concepts, approaches, techniques, and knowledge of the auditory cortex. All of the most up-to-date procedures of non-invasive imaging are employed in the research that is described.

Auditory Spectral Processing

Author : Manuel S. Malmierca
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780123668714
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (687 download)

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Book Synopsis Auditory Spectral Processing by : Manuel S. Malmierca

Download or read book Auditory Spectral Processing written by Manuel S. Malmierca and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2005-11-23 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All natural auditory signals, including human speech and animal communication signals, are spectrally and temporally complex, that is, they contain multiple frequencies and their frequency composition, or spectrum, varies over time. The ability of hearers to identify and localize these signals depends on analysis of their spectral composition. For the overwhelming majority of human listeners spoken language is the major means of social communication, and this communication therefore depends on spectral analysis. Spectral analysis begins in the cochlea, but is then elaborated at various stages along the auditory pathways in the brain that lead from the cochlea to the cerebral cortex. The broad purpose of Auditory Spectral Processing is to provide a comprehensive account of the way in which spectral information is processed in the brain and the way in which this information is used by listeners to identify and localize sounds. Examines spectral processing mechanisms at different levels along the auditory neuraxis, from the cochlear nucleus to the cortex Reviews in detail psychophysical and neurophysiological evidence on the way in which spectral information is processed within and across frequency channels Presents information on the nature of the spectral information required for speech and music perception Examines a series of issues that relate to the role of spectral analysis in higher order/cognitive aspects of hearing and in clinical and applied contexts

Scale Space and Variational Methods in Computer Vision

Author : Jean-François Aujol
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331918461X
Total Pages : 721 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Scale Space and Variational Methods in Computer Vision by : Jean-François Aujol

Download or read book Scale Space and Variational Methods in Computer Vision written by Jean-François Aujol and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Scale Space and Variational Methods in Computer Vision, SSVM 2015, held in Lège-Cap Ferret, France, in May 2015. The 56 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 83 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: scale space and partial differential equation methods; denoising, restoration and reconstruction, segmentation and partitioning; flow, motion and registration; photography, texture and color processing; shape, surface and 3D problems; and optimization theory and methods in imaging.