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Spectral Gain Measurements Of Quantum Confined Emitters And Design And Fabrication Of Intersubband Quantum Box Laser Structures
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Book Synopsis Spectral Gain Measurements of Quantum Confined Emitters, and Design and Fabrication of Intersubband Quantum Box Laser Structures by : Gene Tsvid
Download or read book Spectral Gain Measurements of Quantum Confined Emitters, and Design and Fabrication of Intersubband Quantum Box Laser Structures written by Gene Tsvid and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantum Confined Laser Devices by : Peter Blood
Download or read book Quantum Confined Laser Devices written by Peter Blood and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The semiconductor laser, invented over 50 years ago, has had an enormous impact on the digital technologies that now dominate so many applications in business, commerce and the home. The laser is used in all types of optical fibre communication networks that enable the operation of the internet, e-mail, voice and skype transmission. Approximately one billion are produced each year for a market valued at around $5 billion. Nearly all semiconductor lasers now use extremely thin layers of light emitting materials (quantum well lasers). Increasingly smaller nanostructures are used in the form of quantum dots. The impact of the semiconductor laser is surprising in the light of the complexity of the physical processes that determine the operation of every device. This text takes the reader from the fundamental optical gain and carrier recombination processes in quantum wells and quantum dots, through descriptions of common device structures to an understanding of their operating characteristics. It has a consistent treatment of both quantum dot and quantum well structures taking full account of their dimensionality, which provides the reader with a complete account of contemporary quantum confined laser diodes. It includes plenty of illustrations from both model calculations and experimental observations. There are numerous exercises, many designed to give a feel for values of key parameters and experience obtaining quantitative results from equations. Some challenging concepts, previously the subject matter of research monographs, are treated here at this level for the first time. To request a copy of the Solutions Manual, visit http: //global.oup.com/uk/academic/physics/admin/solutions.
Book Synopsis Quantum Well Lasers by : Peter S. Zory
Download or read book Quantum Well Lasers written by Peter S. Zory and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1993-04-13 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides information on all aspects of QW lasers, from the basic mechanism of optical gain, through the current technological state of the art, to the future technologies of quantum wires and quantum dots. Those working with lasers, especially semiconductor lasers, should find the book useful.
Book Synopsis Design, Fabrication, and Optimization of Quantum Cascade Laser Cavities and Spectroscopy of the Intersubband Gain by : Afusat Olayinka Dirisu
Download or read book Design, Fabrication, and Optimization of Quantum Cascade Laser Cavities and Spectroscopy of the Intersubband Gain written by Afusat Olayinka Dirisu and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis was focused on the improvement of QC lasers through the design and optimization of the laser cavity and characterization of the laser gain medium. The optimization of the laser cavity included, (1) the design and fabrication of high reflection Bragg gratings and subwavelength antireflection gratings, by focused ion beam milling, to achieve tunable, single mode and high power QC lasers, and (2) modeling of slab-coupled optical waveguide QC lasers for high brightness output beams. The characterization of the QC laser gain medium was carried out using the single-pass transmission experiment, a sensitive measurement technique, for probing the intersubband transitions and the electron distribution of QC lasers under different temperatures and applied bias conditions, unlike typical infrared measurement techniques that are restricted to non-functional devices. With the single-pass technique, basic understanding of the physics behind the workings of the QC laser gain can be achieved, which is invaluable in the design of QC lasers with high output power and high operating temperatures.
Book Synopsis Quantum Dot Lasers by : Victor Mikhailovich Ustinov
Download or read book Quantum Dot Lasers written by Victor Mikhailovich Ustinov and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book addresses issues associated with physics and technology of injection lasers based on self-organized quantum dots. Fundamental and technological aspects of quantum dot edge-emitting lasers and VCSELs, their current status and future prospects are summarized and reviewed. Basic principles of QD formation using self-organization phenomena are reviewed. Structural and optical properties of self-organized QDs are considered with a number of examples in different material systems. Recent achievements in controlling the QD properties including the effects of vertical stacking, changing the matrix bandgap and the surface density of QDs are reviewed. The authors focus on the use of self-organized quantum dots in laser structures, fabrication and characterization of edge and surface emitting diode lasers, their properties and optimization with special attention paid to the relationship between structural and electronic properties of QDs and laser characteristics. The threshold and power characteristics of the state-of-the-art QD lasers are demonstrated. Issues related to the long-wavelength (1.3-mm) lasers on a GaAs substrate are also addressed and recent results on InGaAsN-based diode lasers presented for the purpose of comparison.
Book Synopsis Applied Nanophotonics by : Hilmi Volkan Demir
Download or read book Applied Nanophotonics written by Hilmi Volkan Demir and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-22 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible yet rigorous introduction to nanophotonics, covering basic principles, technology, and applications in lighting, lasers, and photovoltaics. Providing a wealth of information on materials and devices, and over 150 color figures, it is the 'go-to' guide for students in electrical engineering taking courses in nanophotonics.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Applied Science & Technology Index by :
Download or read book Applied Science & Technology Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 2948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Progress Towards Intersubband Quantum-Box Lasers for Highly Efficient Continuous Wave Operation in the Mid-Infrared by :
Download or read book Progress Towards Intersubband Quantum-Box Lasers for Highly Efficient Continuous Wave Operation in the Mid-Infrared written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intersubband quantum-box (IQB) lasers, which are devices consisting of 2-D arrays of ministacks (i.e., 2-4 stages) intersubband QB emitters have been proposed as alternatives to 30-stage quantum-cascade (QC) devices, for efficient room-temperature (RT) emission in the mid-infrared (4-6 micrometer) wavelength range. Preliminary results include: 1) the design of devices for operation with 50% wallplug efficiency at RT; 2) realization of a novel type of QC device: the deep-well (DW) QC laser, that has demonstrated at lamba = 4.7 micrometer low temperature sensitivity of the threshold current, a clear indication of suppressed carrier leakage; 3) the formation of 2-D arrays at nanopoles by employing nanopatterning and dry etching; 4) the formation of 40 nm-diameter, one-stage IQB structures on 100 nm centers by preferential regrowth via metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE).
Book Synopsis Lasers Based on Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Wells and Strained Layers by : Ali Afzali-Kushaa
Download or read book Lasers Based on Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Wells and Strained Layers written by Ali Afzali-Kushaa and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Excitonic Gain and Laser Action in ZnSe Based Quantum Confined Structures by : Jian Ding
Download or read book Excitonic Gain and Laser Action in ZnSe Based Quantum Confined Structures written by Jian Ding and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Strained Quantum Well Tunneling Injection and Separate Confinement Heterostructure Lasers by : Howard Yoon
Download or read book Characterization of Strained Quantum Well Tunneling Injection and Separate Confinement Heterostructure Lasers written by Howard Yoon and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Terahertz QCLs by : Sushil Kumar (Ph. D.)
Download or read book Development of Terahertz QCLs written by Sushil Kumar (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The terahertz or the far-infrared frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum (...) has historically been technologically underdeveloped despite having many potential applications, primarily due to lack of suitable sources of coherent radiation. Following on the remarkable development of mid-infrared (...) quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) in the past decade, this thesis describes the development of electrically-pumped terahertz quantum-cascade lasers in GaAs/AlsGal_. As heterostructures that span a spectral range of 1.59 - 5.0 THz (...). A quantum-cascade laser (QCL) emits photons due to electronic intersubband transitions in the quantum-wells of a semiconductor heterostructure. The operation of terahertz QCLs at frequencies below the Reststrahlen band in the semiconductor (...), is significantly more challenging as compared to that of the mid-infrared QCLs. Firstly, due to small energy separation between the laser levels various intersubband scattering mechanisms are activated, which make it difficult to selectively depopulate the lower laser level. Additionally, as electrons gain enough kinetic energy in the upper laser level thermally activated longitudinal-optical (LO) phonon scattering reduces the level lifetime and makes it difficult to sustain population inversion at higher temperatures. Secondly, waveguide design for terahertz mode confinement is also more challenging due to higher free-carrier losses in the semiconducting doped regions at the terahertz frequencies. For successful designs reported in this work, the lower radiative state depopulation is achieved by a combination of resonant-tunneling and fast LO phonon scattering, which allow robust operation even at relatively high temperatures. An equally important enabling mechanism for these lasers is the development of metal-metal waveguides, which provide low waveguides losses, and strong mode confinement due to subwavelength mode localization in the vertical dimension. With these techniques some record performances for terahertz QCLs are demonstrated including the highest pulsed operating temperature of 169 K, the highest continuous-wave (cw) operating temperature of 117 K, and the highest optical power output (248 mW in pulsed and 138 mW in cw at 5 K) for any terahertz QCL. Towards the bigger goal of realizing a 1-THz solid-state laser to ultimately bridge the gap between electronic and optical sources of electromagnetic radiation, QCLs with a unique one-well injection scheme, which minimizes intersubband absorption losses that occur at longer wavelengths, are developed. Based on this scheme a QCL operating at 1.59 THz (A - 189 ym) is realized, which is amongst the lowest frequency solid-state lasers that operate without the assistance of a magnetic field. This thesis also reports on the development of distributed-feedback lasers in metal-metal waveguides to obtain single-mode operation, with greater output power and better beam quality. The subwavelength vertical dimension in these waveguides leads to a strongly coupled DFB action and a large reflection from the end-facets, and thus conventional coupled-mode theory is not directly applicable to the DFB design. A design technique with precise control of phase of reflection at the end-facets is developed with the aid of finite-element analysis, and with some additional unique design and fabrication methods, robust DFB operation has been obtained. Single-mode surface-emitting terahertz QCLs operating up to - 150 K are demonstrated, with different grating devices spanning a range of approximately 0.35 THz around v - 3 THz using the same gain medium. A single-lobed far-field radiation pattern, higher output power due to surface-emission, and a relatively small degradation in temperature performance compared to the Fabry-Perot ridge lasers makes these DFB lasers well suited for practical applications that are being targeted by the terahertz quantum-cascade lasers.
Book Synopsis Investigations of Quantum Dot Lasers by :
Download or read book Investigations of Quantum Dot Lasers written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed theoretical and experimental study of the application of quantum dot active regions to edge-emitting lasers and electro-optic modulators was undertaken. The theoretical work included calculation of the bandstructure and electronic properties of self-assembled quantum dots, carrier scattering rates and the oscillator strength and gain of interband and intersubband transitions. Experimental work included growth of self-organized dots and active devices, their fabrication and characterization. Very narrow PL linewidths in the dots were achieved (approx. 19 meV) by the incorporation of buried stressor dots. The dynamics of hot carriers and carrier relaxation rates were characterized by differential transmission spectroscopy. It was established from a variety of measurements and calculations that electron-hole scattering is the dominant carrier relaxation mechanism in quantum dots. Modulation bandwidth measurements on QD lasers at cryogenic temperatures (f-3dB approx. 30 GHz at T = 100K) confirmed the role of electron-hole scattering. The electron-optic coefficients of quantum dots was measured for the first time and a QD modulator has been demonstrated. Bistability and gain switching has also been observed and characterized. The unique carrier dynamics in quantum dots is favorable for the realization of intersubband emitters and detectors, and these have been investigated.
Book Synopsis Electrical & Electronics Abstracts by :
Download or read book Electrical & Electronics Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 2240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fabrication and Characterization of New Quantum Structures for Blue Lasers by :
Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of New Quantum Structures for Blue Lasers written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have investigated the growth of (Zn, Mn)(S, Se) epitaxial layers of high structural quality on (100) GaAs substrates. Double crystal x-ray diffraction (DCXRD) measurements indicate that quaternary epilayers nearly lattice-matched with GaAs are characterized by DCXRD curves with a full width at half maximum in the range 30-60 arc seconds. This indicates the successful fabrication of epitaxial layers with excellent structural integrity. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is employed to map the variation of the energy gap of the quaternary alloys over a wide range of alloy compositions. It is found that exchange related effects on band gap bowing lead to a smaller than anticipated increase in the energy gap as a function of the Mn composition. Finally, temperature dependent PL is used to examine the viability of (Zn, Mn)(S, Se) alloys as confining layers for ZnSe and (Zn, Cd)Se quantum wells. Efficient exciton confinement is demonstrated through the observation of robust PL from such quantum wells up to high temperatures. However, the renormalization of the quarternary band gap by spin fluctuations leads to a rapid decrease in the energy gap of the (Zn, Mn)(S, Se) alloys with increase in temperature, leading to limitations in quantum confinement, particularly in the conduction band.
Book Synopsis Design and Fabrication of Multiple Quantum Well Structures for Long Wavelength Laser Diodes by : Christofer Silfvenius
Download or read book Design and Fabrication of Multiple Quantum Well Structures for Long Wavelength Laser Diodes written by Christofer Silfvenius and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
