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Author : Vinita Saxena
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (493 download)
Download or read book Spatial Variation of Earthquake Ground Motion and Development of Bridge Fragility Curves written by Vinita Saxena and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Aspasia Zerva
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420009915
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions written by Aspasia Zerva and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spatial variation of seismic ground motions denotes the differences in the seismic time histories at various locations on the ground surface. This text focuses on the spatial variability of the motions that is caused by the propagation of the waveforms from the earthquake source through the earth strata to the ground surface, and it brings toge
Author : Kuan-hsoung Chen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (263 download)
Download or read book Development of Bridge Fragility Curves Using Near Fault and Far Field Earthquake Ground Motion Data written by Kuan-hsoung Chen and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Marco Torbol
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781124522074
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)
Download or read book Effect of Directionality of Multi-component Ground Motions on Bridge Fragility Curves written by Marco Torbol and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on developing, evaluating and testing a new approach to seismic risk assessment of highway transportation networks. Throughout the years many researches have been conducted on each different step used in this dissertation. Most of these steps use a probabilistic approach for each single problem; Monte Carlo simulation is the brute force approach used by this dissertation, however some assumptions throughout the process were necessary to achieve results that could be useful to the final user, decision maker. When dealing with the damageability of an infrastructure network, it is necessary to start from the study of the damageability of each vulnerable component. For highway transportation networks subject to a seismic event bridges are the vulnerable component. With enough time, enough information and enough manpower the best approach is step by step: to build an analytical model for each bridge, to perform probabilistic seismic hazard analysis PSHA at each bridge site and to assess the seismic vulnerability of each bridge. Unfortunately, when dealing with large networks, bridges are present in hundreds or even thousands (LA-OC network has more than 3000 bridges; therefore subdivision in classes and prototyping of each class is necessary to reduce the problem to a more manageable dimension. a single prototype that represents its entire class is analyzed and its damageability is applied to the entire class. Fragility curves will be used to represents the bridges' damageability. Different contributions are developed in this dissertation; the fundamental one is the development of fragility curves with two uni-variate random variables. The first will be the Intensity Measure of the ground motion; the second will be the angle of seismic incidence from which the ground motion struck the structure. Bridges with the same damageability class, located at different places within the network will behave differently under the same earthquake scenario, even if the intensity measure is the same, because of their different axis orientation and angle of seismic incidence. Therefore the spatial distribution properties of the network are taken into account when performing SRA. The development of a new software was necessary for the application of these new fragility curves to the SRA of highway transportation networks.
Author : Kaiming Bi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (794 download)
Download or read book Effects of Ground Motion Spatial Variations and Random Site Conditions on Seismic Responses of Bridge Structures written by Kaiming Bi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] The research carried out in this thesis concentrates on the modelling of spatial variation of seismic ground motions, and its effect on bridge structural responses. This effort brings together various aspects regarding the modelling of seismic ground motion spatial variations caused by incoherence effect, wave passage effect and local site effect, bridge structure modelling with soil-structure interaction (SSI) effect, and dynamic response modelling of pounding between different components of adjacent bridge structures. Previous studies on structural responses to spatial ground motions usually assumed homogeneous flat site conditions. It is thus reasonable to assume that the ground motion power spectral densities at various locations of the site are the same. The only variations between spatial ground motions are the loss of coherency and time delay. For a structure located on a canyon site or site of varying conditions, local site effect will amplify and filter the incoming waves and thus further alter the ground motion spatial variations. In the first part of this thesis (Chapters 2-4), a stochastic method is adopted and further developed to study the seismic responses of bridge structures located on a canyon site. In this approach, the spatially varying ground motions are modelled in two steps. Firstly, the base rock motions are assumed to have the same intensity and are modelled with a filtered Tajimi- Kanai power spectral density function and an empirical spatial ground motion coherency loss function. Then, power spectral density function of ground motion on surface of the canyon site is derived by considering the site amplification effect based on the onedimensional seismic wave propagation theory. The structural responses are formulated in the frequency domain, and mean peak responses are estimated by the standard random vibration method. The dynamic, quasi-static and total responses of a frame structure (Chapter 2) and the minimum separation distances between an abutment and the adjacent bridge deck and between two adjacent bridge decks required in the modular expansion joint (MEJ) design to preclude pounding during strong ground motion shaking are studied (Chapter 3). The influence of SSI is also examined (in Chapter 4) by modelling the soil surrounding the pile foundation as frequency-dependent springs and dashpots in the horizontal and rotational directions. A method is proposed to simulate the spatially varying earthquake ground motion time histories at a canyon site with different soil conditions. This method takes into consideration the local site effect on ground motion amplification and spatial variations. The base rock motions are modelled by a filtered Tajimi-Kanai power spectral density function or a stochastic ground motion attenuation model, and the spatial variations of seismic waves on the base rock are depicted by a coherency loss function. The power spectral density functions on the ground surfaces are derived by considering seismic wave propagations through the local site by assuming the base rock motions consisting of outof- plane SH wave and in-plane combined P and SV waves with an incident angle to the site. The spectral representation method is used to simulate the multi-component spatially varying earthquake ground motions...
Author : Zhan Yu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (724 download)
Download or read book Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions for Bridge Response Analysis in Complex Topographic Conditions written by Zhan Yu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Issa-Modi Idé
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (615 download)
Download or read book The Effect of the Spatial Variation of Earthquake Ground Motions on the Response of Large Structures written by Issa-Modi Idé and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Deyi Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)
Download or read book Stochastic Modelling and Analysis for Bridges Under Spatially Varying Ground Motions written by Deyi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake is undoubtedly one of the greatest natural disasters that can induce serious structural damage and huge losses of properties and lives. The resulting destructive consequences not only have made structural seismic analysis and design much more important but have impelled the necessity of more realistic representation of ground motions, such as inclusion of ground motion spatial variations in earthquake modelling and seismic analysis and design of structures. Recorded seismic ground motions exhibit spatial variations in their amplitudes and phases, and the spatial variabilities have an important effect on the responses of structures extended in space, such as long span bridges. Because of the multi-parametric nature and the complexity of the problems, the development of specific design provisions on spatial variabilities of ground motions in modern seismic codes has been impeded. Eurocode 8 is currently the only seismic standard worldwide that gives a set of detailed guidelines to explicitly tackle spatial variabilities of ground motions in bridge design, providing both a simplified design scheme and an analytical approach. However, there is gap between the code-specified provisions in Eurocode 8 and the realistic representation of spatially varying ground motions (SVGM) and the corresponding stochastic vibration analysis (SVA) approaches. This study is devoted to bridge this gap on modelling of SVGM and development of SVA approaches for structures extended in space under SVGM. A complete and realistic SVGM representation approach is developed by accounting for the incoherence effect, wave-passage effect, site-response effect, ground motion nonstationarity, tridirectionality, and spectra-compatibility. This effort brings together various aspects regarding rational seismic scenarios determination, comprehensive methods of accounting for varying site effects, conditional modelling of SVGM nonstationarity, and code-specified ground motion spectra-compatibility. A comprehensive, systematic, and efficient SVA methodology is derived for long span structures under tridirectional nonstationary SVGM. An absolute-response-oriented scheme of pseudo-excitation method and an improved high precision direct integration method are proposed to reduce the enormous computational effort of conventional nonstationary SVA. A scheme accounting for tridirectional varying site-response effect is incorporated in the nonstationary SVA scheme systematically. The proposed highly efficient and accurate SVA approach is implemented and verified in a general finite element analysis platform to make it readily applicable in SVA of complex structures. Based on the proposed SVA approach, parametric studies of two practical long span bridges under SVGM are conducted. To account for spatial randomness and variability of soil properties in soil-structure interaction analysis of structures under SVGM, a meshfree-Galerkin approach is proposed within the Karhunen-Loeve expansion scheme for representation of spatial soil properties modelled as a random field. The meshfree shape functions are proposed as a set of basis functions in the Galerkin scheme to solve integral equation of Karhunen-Loeve expansion, with a proposed optimization scheme in treating the compatibility between the target and analytical covariance models. The accuracy and validity of the meshfree-Galerkin scheme are assessed and demonstrated by representation of covariance models for various homogeneous and nonhomogeneous spatial fields. The developed modelling approaches of SVGM and the derived analytical SVA approaches can be applied to provide more refined solutions for quantitatively assessing code-specified design provisions and developing new design provisions. The proposed meshfree-Galerkin approach can be used to account for spatial randomness and variability of soil properties in soil-structure interaction analysis.
Author : Masanobu Shinozuka
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (471 download)
Download or read book Effect of spatial variation of ground motion on highway structures written by Masanobu Shinozuka and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bo Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Effects of Spatially Varying Ground Motions on Bridge Response written by Bo Li and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adjacent bridge structures can move relatively to each other in an earthquake, resulting in pounding or more severely, unseating. Pounding occurs when the relative closing movement is larger than the structural gap whereas girder unseating takes place due to the relative opening movements being larger than the seating length provided. Relative displacements arise from unequal fundamental frequencies of adjacent bridge structures, spatial variation of ground motions and different soil-structure interaction (SSI). The objective of this thesis is to investigate the influence of these factors, especially spatial variation of ground motions on the bridge response. To achieve the objective, a series of experiments were conducted on the bridge models made of polyvinylchloride (PVC) using either shake tables or inertial actuators. Ground motions of the soft soil, shallow soil and strong rock conditions based on the New Zealand design spectra were simulated. The ground motions of the soft soil condition were further classified as highly, intermediately and weakly correlated ground motions to account for coherency loss effect of excitation spatial variation. These experiments include testing a 1:125 scale bridge with three identical bridge segments to study the effect of spatially varying ground motions with pounding, testing the same model but with the footings on sand contained by rubber boxes to consider the effects of spatially varying ground motions and SSI with pounding, testing one of those bridge segments with movable abutments to investigate the effect of excitation spatial variation considering abutment excitation and pounding, testing a 1:125 scale bridge model with two identical bridge segments with artificial plastic hinges to study the effect of spatially varying ground motions on inelastic bridge response with pounding, and field testing a 1:22 scale bridge segment subjected to spatially varying ground motions to determine the minimum total gap of a modulus expansion joint required to avoid pounding. A total of 8660 tests were performed. Research found that spatial variation of ground motions can increase the relative displacement of adjacent bridge girders and pounding forces. Based on the experimental results, the New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) Bridge manual was reviewed. It was found that the current NZTA Bridge manual is unable to suggest sufficient minimum seating length to accommodate the measured relative opening displacements. A set of empirical equations is therefore proposed to calculate adequate minimum support seating lengths to prevent girder unseating.
Author : Hong Hao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Effects of Spatial Variation of Ground Motions on Large Multiple Supported Structures written by Hong Hao and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James L. Martin
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1138000868
Total Pages : 5742 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (38 download)
Download or read book Hydro-Environmental Analysis written by James L. Martin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 5742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on fundamental principles, Hydro-Environmental Analysis: Freshwater Environments presents in-depth information about freshwater environments and how they are influenced by regulation. It provides a holistic approach, exploring the factors that impact water quality and quantity, and the regulations, policy and management methods that are necessary to maintain this vital resource. It offers a historical viewpoint as well as an overview and foundation of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics affecting the management of freshwater environments. The book concentrates on broad and general concepts, providing an interdisciplinary foundation. The author covers the methods of measurement and classification; chemical, physical, and biological characteristics; indicators of ecological health; and management and restoration. He also considers common indicators of environmental health; characteristics and operations of regulatory control structures; applicable laws and regulations; and restoration methods. The text delves into rivers and streams in the first half and lakes and reservoirs in the second half. Each section centers on the characteristics of those systems and methods of classification, and then moves on to discuss the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of each. In the section on lakes and reservoirs, it examines the characteristics and operations of regulatory structures, and presents the methods commonly used to assess the environmental health or integrity of these water bodies. It also introduces considerations for restoration, and presents two unique aquatic environments: wetlands and reservoir tailwaters. Written from an engineering perspective, the book is an ideal introduction to the aquatic and limnological sciences for students of environmental science, as well as students of environmental engineering. It also serves as a reference for engineers and scientists involved in the management, regulation, or restoration of freshwater environments.
Author : N. Abrahamson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (269 download)
Download or read book Spatial Variation of Earthquake Ground Motion for Application to Soil-structure Interaction written by N. Abrahamson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : George Deodatis
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315884887
Total Pages : 1112 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (158 download)
Download or read book Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures written by George Deodatis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-10 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures contains the plenary lectures and papers presented at the 11th International Conference on STRUCTURAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY (ICOSSAR2013, New York, NY, USA, 16-20 June 2013), and covers major aspects of safety, reliability, risk and life-cycle performance of str
Author : M. J. N. Priestley
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471579984
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (799 download)
Download or read book Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges written by M. J. N. Priestley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-04-12 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of their structural simplicity, bridges tend to beparticularly vulnerable to damage and even collapse when subjectedto earthquakes or other forms of seismic activity. Recentearthquakes, such as the ones in Kobe, Japan, and Oakland,California, have led to a heightened awareness of seismic risk andhave revolutionized bridge design and retrofit philosophies. In Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges, three of the world's topauthorities on the subject have collaborated to produce the mostexhaustive reference on seismic bridge design currently available.Following a detailed examination of the seismic effects of actualearthquakes on local area bridges, the authors demonstrate designstrategies that will make these and similar structures optimallyresistant to the damaging effects of future seismicdisturbances. Relying heavily on worldwide research associated with recentquakes, Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges begins with anin-depth treatment of seismic design philosophy as it applies tobridges. The authors then describe the various geotechnicalconsiderations specific to bridge design, such as soil-structureinteraction and traveling wave effects. Subsequent chapters coverconceptual and actual design of various bridge superstructures, andmodeling and analysis of these structures. As the basis for their design strategies, the authors' focus is onthe widely accepted capacity design approach, in which particularlyvulnerable locations of potentially inelastic flexural deformationare identified and strengthened to accommodate a greater degree ofstress. The text illustrates how accurate application of thecapacity design philosophy to the design of new bridges results instructures that can be expected to survive most earthquakes withonly minor, repairable damage. Because the majority of today's bridges were built before thecapacity design approach was understood, the authors also devoteseveral chapters to the seismic assessment of existing bridges,with the aim of designing and implementing retrofit measures toprotect them against the damaging effects of future earthquakes.These retrofitting techniques, though not considered appropriate inthe design of new bridges, are given considerable emphasis, sincethey currently offer the best solution for the preservation ofthese vital and often historically valued thoroughfares. Practical and applications-oriented, Seismic Design and Retrofit ofBridges is enhanced with over 300 photos and line drawings toillustrate key concepts and detailed design procedures. As the onlytext currently available on the vital topic of seismic bridgedesign, it provides an indispensable reference for civil,structural, and geotechnical engineers, as well as students inrelated engineering courses. A state-of-the-art text on earthquake-proof design and retrofit ofbridges Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges fills the urgent need for acomprehensive and up-to-date text on seismic-ally resistant bridgedesign. The authors, all recognized leaders in the field,systematically cover all aspects of bridge design related toseismic resistance for both new and existing bridges. * A complete overview of current design philosophy for bridges,with related seismic and geotechnical considerations * Coverage of conceptual design constraints and their relationshipto current design alternatives * Modeling and analysis of bridge structures * An exhaustive look at common building materials and theirresponse to seismic activity * A hands-on approach to the capacity design process * Use of isolation and dissipation devices in bridge design * Important coverage of seismic assessment and retrofit design ofexisting bridges
Download or read book Spatial Variation of Earthquake Ground Motion for Application to Soil-structure Interaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kevin Rory Mackie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 746 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Fragility-based Seismic Decision Making for Highway Overpass Bridges written by Kevin Rory Mackie and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
