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Space And Habitat Use By Non Migratory Female Mule Deer Odocoileus Hemionus In A Semi Arid Environment
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Book Synopsis Space and Habitat Use by Non-migratory Female Mule Deer (odocoileus Hemionus) in a Semi-arid Environment by : Danny Follett
Download or read book Space and Habitat Use by Non-migratory Female Mule Deer (odocoileus Hemionus) in a Semi-arid Environment written by Danny Follett and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seasonal Distribution and Winter Habitat Use of Female Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus) in the Copper Mountain Region, Wyoming by : Jennifer Amy Allen
Download or read book Seasonal Distribution and Winter Habitat Use of Female Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus) in the Copper Mountain Region, Wyoming written by Jennifer Amy Allen and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Social and Scientific Factors Impacting Mule Deer Habitat Conservation in the Intermountain West by : Nicholas F. Trulove
Download or read book Social and Scientific Factors Impacting Mule Deer Habitat Conservation in the Intermountain West written by Nicholas F. Trulove and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus ) in the Intermountain West, alterations to habitat are outpacing strategies to mitigate human disturbance on critical seasonal ranges and migration routes. Conserving mule deer habitat requires cooperation between a diverse group of stakeholders, state wildlife agencies, and federal land management agencies. The first chapter of this thesis explores the current and historical relationship between state wildlife agencies, citizen stakeholders, and federal agencies in order to highlight opportunities to improve cooperative habitat conservation in the United States. Conservation is a result of social, political, and economic action, but relies upon science to inform policy. The second chapter explores the seasonal habitat use of mule deer in southwestern Wyoming. In response to low fawn recruitment, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department deployed 15 GPS collars on adult female mule deer in an effort to enhance knowledge of mule deer population dynamics, migrations, and habitat use. The study captured two winter climate regimes, with greater winter severity during the 2010-11 winter compared to the winter of 2011-12. Deer migrated an average of 23.9 km (SE = 2.2) between seasonal ranges, and completed spring migrations nearly one month earlier following the milder winter of 2011-12 ( t 19 = 5.53, df = 19, P ? 0.001). Pooled, the average area of winter ranges (1057 ha, SE = 103, n = 26) was larger than summer ranges (423 ha, SE = 51 ha, n = 25) (t = -5.44, df = 49, P ≤ 0.001), with no increase or decrease in size of seasonal ranges detected between years (P = 0.243) according to a post-hoc Tukey HSD test. Between years, deer were observed to shift the geographic center of winter ranges (2.9 km, SE = 1.1, n = 12) to a larger degree than summer ranges (0.4 km, SE = 0.1, n = 12) (t = -2.20, df = 22, P = 0.040). Survival and pregnancy rates (86% and 96%, respectively) correlated closely with other mule deer studies, and neither factor appears to negatively impact population growth. Identifying seasonal ranges and migration routes, and quantifying seasonal habitat use, will assist Wyoming Game and Fish Department efforts to protect mule deer seasonal habitats and migration routes, and direct vegetation manipulations intended to improve the nutritional quality of habitats. On average, winter ranges included a later percentage of shrub-dominated habitat (83.8%, SE = 0.3, n = 26) than summer ranges (57.5%, SE = 2.0, n = 25) (t = -4.42, df = 49, P ? 0.001). Summer ranges averaged a greater proportion of agricultural lands (2.8%, SE = 1.1, n = 25) and aspen (Populus tremuloides ) habitats (9.0%, SE = 2.2, n = 25) than winter ranges (0.1%, SE = 0.1, n = 26 and 0.2%, SE = 0.0, n = 26, respectively) (t = 3.03, df = 49, P = 0.004 and t = 3.86, df = 49, P ? 0.001, respectively). Mule deer ranges are primarily located on Bureau of Land Management (73%, SE = 2.8, n = 51) and privately owned (17.3%, SE = 2.9, n = 51) lands, highlighting opportunities for cooperative partnerships for mule deer habitat conservation.
Book Synopsis Habitat Use by Desert Mule Deer and Collared Peccary in an Urban Environment by : Elizabeth S. Bellantoni
Download or read book Habitat Use by Desert Mule Deer and Collared Peccary in an Urban Environment written by Elizabeth S. Bellantoni and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Winter Habitat Use by Mule Deer in Idaho and Montana by : Sonja M. Smith
Download or read book Winter Habitat Use by Mule Deer in Idaho and Montana written by Sonja M. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winter survival for species such as Rocky Mountain mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) depends on an energy conservation strategy where they use habitats at lower elevations and on south facing slopes with adequate thermal or canopy cover. However, not all mule deer habitats are equivalent in components or weather conditions, which contribute to differences in habitat use patterns and behavior among wintering populations. We examined winter habitat use by mule deer on the East Front of the Rocky Mountains, Montana and Warm Springs and Sink Creek, east-central Idaho to determine how weather and vegetation affect habitat use in different winter ranges. We used radiotelemetry to locate adult female mule deer and estimated microsite habitat conditions including wind speed, snow depth, percent cover of individual plant species, hiding cover, and canopy cover during winter 2010--2011. We compared data at deer locations to random locations across each study area using logistic regression, developing models based on pooled data for each study area, times of snow accumulation, and times of high wind speeds (for the East Front). We evaluated model fit using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Our final models indicated that deer use different habitat components on different winter ranges. On the East Front, a combination of landscape and weather variables predicted probability of deer use of areas. These included percent cover of trees, creeping juniper (Juniperus horizontalis), buffaloberry (Shepherdia canadensis), curly sedge (Carex rupestris), prairie sagewort (Artemisia frigida), whitemargin phlox (Phlox albomarginata), percent slope, snow depth, wind speed, and exposure to wind. These and additional covariates changed in magnitude depending upon weather conditions. Model covariates also changed depending on deer behavior. In Idaho, tall threetip sagebrush (A. tripartita tripartita) and phlox (Phlox spp.) were important predictors of mule deer habitat use, while tall threetip sagebrush and cumulative forbs predicted use of areas under snow conditions. Mule deer habitat use differed between Idaho study areas. In the Warm Springs study area, covariates related to foraging predicted habitat use whereas in Sink Creek, covariates related to thermal or hiding cover predicted habitat use. Differences among all 3 study areas indicate that deer use different habitat components under different winter conditions. Discrepancies among winter ranges are important considerations for habitat requirements of mule deer.
Book Synopsis Habitat Use by Female Mule Deer in North Central California by : Terri A. Weist
Download or read book Habitat Use by Female Mule Deer in North Central California written by Terri A. Weist and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mule Deer Habitat Guides by : Richard M. Kerr
Download or read book Mule Deer Habitat Guides written by Richard M. Kerr and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Movements, Seasonal Home Ranges, and Resource Selection of Mule Deer on Navajo Nation Lands by : Hannah B. Manninen
Download or read book Movements, Seasonal Home Ranges, and Resource Selection of Mule Deer on Navajo Nation Lands written by Hannah B. Manninen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations have declined throughout their range in the western United States since the 1980s. Habitat loss, overgrazing, disease, and predation contribute to the decline of mule deer populations. Navajo Nation, the largest federally recognized Indian tribe in the United States, encompassing 71,000 km2 in New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah, has experienced a 49% decline in mule deer over the past decade. Given knowledge of space use is an important component to recovery plans, my objectives were to (1) classify each deer as a migrant, resident, disperser, or nomad; (2) determine dates and durations of deer classified as migrants including means and ranges of spring and fall migration; (3) quantify distances traveled during spring and fall migration; (4) estimate sizes of seasonal home ranges and core ranges for migratory mule deer; and (5) develop resource selection functions. GPS collars were placed on 99 mule deer (79 F, 20 M) during 2018-2020. Movements were analyzed using net-squared displacement for individuals with >6 mo of data. Movement trajectories (n=108) from 67 unique mule deer were analyzed to determine whether they were migrants or non-migrants. An ANOVA was performed to determine whether sex, season (i.e., spring or fall), strategy (i.e., short-distance or long-distance migrant), or an interaction between migration duration and migration distance. Seasonal home ranges were defined using 95% kernel density estimates (KDE), and core ranges with 50% KDE. An ANOVA was performed to determine whether sex, migration strategy (i.e., short-distance or long-distance), or season (i.e., winter or summer) affected seasonal home range and core range size. I modeled third-order resource selection functions (RSF) following a use-availability design. Seventy-four percent (n=50) of mule deer were long-distance migrants, 18% (n=12) were short-distance migrants, and 6% (n=5) were non-migrants. Minimum, maximum, and mean distances traveled during migration were 2.6 km, 68.3 km, and 17.7 ± 1.1 km, respectively. Seasonal home ranges, core range, and resource selection were quantified for 84 (15 M, 69 F) trajectories from 63 mule deer. Mean female and male summer home ranges were 9.1 ± 11.1 km2 and 7.4 ± 6.6 km2, respectively, and mean female and male winter home ranges were 15.6 ± 21.5 km2 and 16.1 ± 7.5 km2, respectively. Season had a significant effect on home range size (F1,158=28.02, P
Book Synopsis Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus) Home Range and Habitat Use in an Energy-impacted Area of the North Dakota Badlands by : Ronald A. Fox
Download or read book Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus) Home Range and Habitat Use in an Energy-impacted Area of the North Dakota Badlands written by Ronald A. Fox and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Habitat Use by Desert Mule Deer and Collared Peccary in an Urban Environment by : Elizabeth S. Bellantoni
Download or read book Habitat Use by Desert Mule Deer and Collared Peccary in an Urban Environment written by Elizabeth S. Bellantoni and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Habitat Use and Migration Ecology of Mule Deer in Developing Gas Fields of Western Wyoming by : Hall Sawyer
Download or read book Habitat Use and Migration Ecology of Mule Deer in Developing Gas Fields of Western Wyoming written by Hall Sawyer and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased levels of energy development across the intermountain West have created a variety of wildlife and habitat management concerns. Because many of the energy resources in the region occur in shrub-dominated basins (e.g., Powder River, Piceance, Great Divide, and Green River basins), management concerns have focused on native shrub communities and associated species, including mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Two of the more pressing concerns are how mule deer respond when critical habitats (e.g., winter range) are impacted by development and how their migration routes can be identified and prioritized for conservation. To address the first, I examined how three types of natural gas well pads with varying levels of vehicle traffic influenced the winter habitat selection patterns of mule deer in western Wyoming. My results showed that mule deer avoided all types of well pads and selected areas further from well pads that received high levels of traffic. Accordingly, impacts to mule deer could likely be reduced through technology and planning that minimizes the number of well pads and amount of human activity associated with them. To address the migration concerns, I developed a quantitative framework that uses global positioning system (GPS) data and the Brownian bridge movement model (BBMM) to: (1) provide a probabilistic estimate of the migration routes of a sampled population, (2) distinguish between route segments that function as stopover sites versus those used primarily as movement corridors, and (3) prioritize routes for conservation based upon the proportion of the sampled population that uses them. Mule deer migration routes were characterized by a series of stopover sites where deer spent most of their time, connected by movement corridors through which deer moved quickly. These findings suggest management strategies that differentiate between stopover sites and movement corridors may be warranted. Because some migration routes were used by more mule deer than others, proportional level of use may provide a reasonable metric by which routes can be prioritized for conservation. Although stopovers appeared to be a prominent feature of mule deer migration routes, the explicit study of stopovers (i.e., stopover ecology) has been limited to avian species. To assess whether stopover ecology was relevant to mule deer, I again used fine-scale GPS data and BBMMs to quantify a suite of stopover characteristics and examine the ecological role of stopovers in the seasonal migrations of mule deer. Mule deer utilized a series of stopover sites in both spring and fall migrations, across a range of migration distances (18-144 km). Overall, mule deer used 1.9 and 1.5 stopovers for every 10 km increase in migration distance during spring and fall migrations, respectively. Stopovers had higher quality forage compared to movement corridors, and forage quality increased with elevation, presumably because of delayed phenology along the altitudinal migration route. Stopovers likely play a key role in the migration strategy of mule deer by allowing them to migrate in concert with vegetative phenology and optimize their foraging during migration. My results suggest stopovers were a critical component in the altitudinal migrations of mule deer and that conservation of stopover sites may improve efforts aimed at sustaining migratory mule deer populations.
Book Synopsis Home Range and Movement of Five Mule Deer in a Semidesert Grass-shrub Community by : Kenneth J. Rodgers
Download or read book Home Range and Movement of Five Mule Deer in a Semidesert Grass-shrub Community written by Kenneth J. Rodgers and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Survival Rates and Cause-Specific Mortality of Mule Deer in South-Central Oregon by : Elizabeth M. Mulligan
Download or read book Survival Rates and Cause-Specific Mortality of Mule Deer in South-Central Oregon written by Elizabeth M. Mulligan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is critical for wildlife managers to understand the population dynamics of a harvested species, particularly for ungulates, which are a valuable wildlife resource. Due to concerns that mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations in Oregon were declining, more comprehensive data on population vital rates and the factors potentially affecting them were needed by resource managers. To meet this research need, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife implemented a seven year study to investigate habitat use and survival of mule deer in eastern Oregon. From 2005-2012, the agency radiocollared 621 mule deer in south-central Oregon in order to gain more comprehensive information about seasonal movement, seasonal and annual survival, and changes in habitat use for the population. I used the radio-telemetry data from this larger study to investigate mule deer survival rates and cause-specific mortality and the effects of deer seasonal distributions, movement behavior, and environmental factors such as annual and climatic variation. I used known-fate data for 408 adult female radio-collared mule deer to estimate monthly survival rates and to investigate a variety of factors that might affect these rates including seasonal distribution, temporal effects (seasonal, annual, and trends across season and year), movement behavior, and climatic covariates on differing scales. Variation in survival rates for this population of female mule deer in eastern Oregon was best explained by an additive effect of migration behavior, fall migration period, and precipitation levels on individual winter ranges. Survival was significantly higher for migratory deer than residents. Both groups had lower survival during the fall migration period (Oct-Nov) and a positive linear relationship between survival and winter precipitation in individual winter ranges. Annual survival estimates for migrants ranged from 0.81-0.82, which is similar to other findings, but survival rates for residents (0.76- 0.77) were low in comparison to survival rates for adult female mule deer in other parts of their range. I used a nonparametric cumulative incidence function estimator (NPCIFE) to generate annual cumulative incidence functions separately for males and females due to differing risks associated with each sex. The four competing sources of mortality I included in this analysis for males were legal harvest, illegal harvest, predation, and starvation, disease, vehicle or fence-collision combined as one category (i.e., other). For females in investigated predation, human-associated mortality (vehicle or fence), illegal harvest, and natural causes (starvation and disease). Annual risk functions were pooled across all years of the study to maximize sample size. For males, the cumulative risk was highest for legal harvest (0.249, 95%CI=0.172-0.326), with predation the next highest cause of mortality for this sex (0.104, 95%CI=0.042-0.611). For females, the cumulative risk was highest for predation, (0.044, 95%CI=0.028-0.065) with anthropogenic causes (0.038, 95%CI=0.021-0.054) and illegal harvest (0.031, 95%CI=0.17-0.054) also important sources of mortality. Higher monthly survival rates of migrants compared to residents (across all months of the biological cycle) suggested that leaving for potentially higher quality summer foraging grounds outweighed the cost of traveling through unfamiliar habitats and energy expenditure from migration. Conversely, it may also imply that the summer ranges for residents had a negative effect on survival due to habitat quality or human disturbance. Both migrants and residents had lower monthly survival during the fall migration period (Oct - Nov). Female mule deer were excluded from the state-managed bow and rifle hunting season during this study, but females may experience the negative effects of human disturbance associated with fall hunting activities. This time of year is also energetically costly for females, being that some may still be nursing, which could have an additive effect to the energy used to migrate or avoid human disturbance. Winter precipitation also had positive effect on survival for both groups, possibly because increased average winter precipitation resulted in increased winter forage quantity and quality. My results suggest that female survival rates observed during my study are on the low end of the range reported for this species and may be contributing to population declines of mule deer in Oregon. Annual estimates of male survival were also low, but it is unclear how that might contribute to overall population declines without more information on annual and seasonal variation in male survival. Surprisingly, I observed high levels of illegal harvest on female deer and evidence that female survival during the fall migration period, which overlaps Oregon's legal harvest season, was lower than other times of the year. It is unclear why the fall migration period negatively affects both migrants and resident deer similarly, but future research should attempt to determine the specific factors that are negatively impacting mule deer survival during this time period in south-central Oregon. In addition, as human development in the area continues to grow, it is important to consider migration paths and the habitat quality of both summer and winter ranges. My results suggested that conditions may differ between summer ranges in particular, for residents vs. migrants, and understanding these differences may be the key to increasing survival of female mule deer in Oregon. Sharing information from this study with law enforcement and the general public may be the first step towards increasing awareness of, and thereby reducing, the relatively high levels of illegal harvest I documented for the female population. Future research should focus on investigating the differences in habitat quality for residents versus migrants, the factors that decrease survival during fall migration for both groups, and the social and economic factors that contribute to the illegal harvest of female mule deer in eastern Oregon.
Book Synopsis Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus) Movement and Habitat Use Patterns in Relation to Roadways in Northwest Wyoming by : Corinna Riginos
Download or read book Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus) Movement and Habitat Use Patterns in Relation to Roadways in Northwest Wyoming written by Corinna Riginos and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The purpose of this study was to provide the Wyoming Department of Transportation and Wyoming Game and Fish Department with useful information about the patterns of mule deer seasonal habitat use, migration, road crossings, and wildlife-vehicle collisions in the Jackson Hole area."-- page i.
Book Synopsis Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus) by :
Download or read book Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus) written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Habitat Management for White-tailed and Mule Deer in Kansas by :
Download or read book Habitat Management for White-tailed and Mule Deer in Kansas written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Habitat Use by Desert Mule Deer by : Leonard L. Ordway
Download or read book Habitat Use by Desert Mule Deer written by Leonard L. Ordway and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
