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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Soviet Cybernetics Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Benjamin Peters
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262034182
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)
Download or read book How Not to Network a Nation written by Benjamin Peters and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-03-25 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How, despite thirty years of effort, Soviet attempts to build a national computer network were undone by socialists who seemed to behave like capitalists. Between 1959 and 1989, Soviet scientists and officials made numerous attempts to network their nation—to construct a nationwide computer network. None of these attempts succeeded, and the enterprise had been abandoned by the time the Soviet Union fell apart. Meanwhile, ARPANET, the American precursor to the Internet, went online in 1969. Why did the Soviet network, with top-level scientists and patriotic incentives, fail while the American network succeeded? In How Not to Network a Nation, Benjamin Peters reverses the usual cold war dualities and argues that the American ARPANET took shape thanks to well-managed state subsidies and collaborative research environments and the Soviet network projects stumbled because of unregulated competition among self-interested institutions, bureaucrats, and others. The capitalists behaved like socialists while the socialists behaved like capitalists. After examining the midcentury rise of cybernetics, the science of self-governing systems, and the emergence in the Soviet Union of economic cybernetics, Peters complicates this uneasy role reversal while chronicling the various Soviet attempts to build a “unified information network.” Drawing on previously unknown archival and historical materials, he focuses on the final, and most ambitious of these projects, the All-State Automated System of Management (OGAS), and its principal promoter, Viktor M. Glushkov. Peters describes the rise and fall of OGAS—its theoretical and practical reach, its vision of a national economy managed by network, the bureaucratic obstacles it encountered, and the institutional stalemate that killed it. Finally, he considers the implications of the Soviet experience for today's networked world.
Author : Wade B. Holland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Soviet Cybernetics Review. Volume 4, Number 1 written by Wade B. Holland and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The January issue features a major historical survey of Soviet computer technology, including photographs of nearly all Soviet computers in operation today. The article covers Soviet computer development, beginning with an analog device in 1941 and continuing through current efforts to incorporate integrated circuit technology, including the Ryad project which is aimed at eventual production of System/360-compatible hardware. The Mir-2 computer with graphic terminal light pen is discussed. Overheating in vacuum tube computers, a nagging problem for the Soviets, is explored. Other articles probe computerized crime detection, automated machine system development, computerized national economic planning, automation in the State Bank, and use of computers in planning Western Basin fishing fleet operations. (Author).
Author : Slava Gerovitch
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262572255
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (722 download)
Download or read book From Newspeak to Cyberspeak written by Slava Gerovitch and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-09-17 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Slava Gerovitch argues that Soviet cybernetics was not just an intellectual trend but a social movement for radical reform in science and society as a whole. Followers of cybernetics viewed computer simulation as a universal method of problem solving and the language of cybernetics as a language of objectivity and truth. With this new objectivity, they challenged the existing order of things in economics and politics as well as in science. The history of Soviet cybernetics followed a curious arc. In the 1950s it was labeled a reactionary pseudoscience and a weapon of imperialist ideology. With the arrival of Khrushchev's political "thaw," however, it was seen as an innocent victim of political oppression, and it evolved into a movement for radical reform of the Stalinist system of science. In the early 1960s it was hailed as "science in the service of communism," but by the end of the decade it had turned into a shallow fashionable trend. Using extensive new archival materials, Gerovitch argues that these fluctuating attitudes reflected profound changes in scientific language and research methodology across disciplines, in power relations within the scientific community, and in the political role of scientists and engineers in Soviet society. His detailed analysis of scientific discourse shows how the Newspeak of the late Stalinist period and the Cyberspeak that challenged it eventually blended into "CyberNewspeak."
Author : Wade B. Holland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Soviet Cybernetics Review. Volume 3, Number 9, 1969 written by Wade B. Holland and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The issue features articles and photographs of computers displayed at the Automation-69 Exhibition in Moscow, especially the Mir-1 and Ruta-110. Also discussed are the Doza analog computer for radiological dosage; 'on-the-fly' output printers; other ways to increase computer speed and productivity; and the planned ultra-high-energy 1000-Bev synchrotron. Two articles give opposite approaches to the structuring of the State Network of Computer Centers, those of the Central Statistical Administration and of Gosplan. Other articles discuss the effects of automation on the work force; mathematical training and research; computers in economics; the Latvian Academy of Sciences research; and the Delphi method of scientific forecasting. (Author).
Author : Wade B. Holland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Soviet Cybernetics Review. Volume 4, Number 6 written by Wade B. Holland and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Survey of the first all-union conference on programming; Collective use computer systems; A 'Tsar3 for the computer industry; Programmed instruction and teaching machines in the USSR; The central economic mathematics institute; Armenia: Uniting computer design and production; A 500-nanosec memory for BESM-6; Neurobionics: An overview; Training programming teachers; Automated control systems in the Belorussian republic; French journalists examine BESM-6 at Serpukhov; Cybernetics in the scientific revolution; The plight of an inventor.
Author : Wade B. Holland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Soviet Cybernetics Review, Volume 2, Number 4 written by Wade B. Holland and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ;Contents: Poles seek western market for K-202 mini; Computer users catalog their problems; New facilities added to ASVT line; Videocomp phototypesetting appeals to VINITI; 1972 Lenin prizes awarded; Education for changing technology; Space probe data processing; GUM system has price tag problem; Solving the data transmission problem; Railways working on management automation; Computers used in RR switching yards; Computers for improving civil aviation; Achievements mask problems in Armenia; Support services drain resources.
Author : Wade B. Holland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Soviet Cybernetics Review. Volume 4, Number 5 written by Wade B. Holland and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Kashtan computer and USSR-GDR control system; State-wide control systems; Second all-union conference on programming; The VUM plant; Software crisis: centralized coordination needed; The philosophy of control of complex systems; LGU establishes control processes faculty; Automation falters in textile industry; Science and the modern Army; A chess-playing algorithm; Space and naval research at institute of cybernetics; Electrotablet for computer input of graphic information.
Author : Wade B. Holland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Soviet Cybernetics Review. Volume 1, Number 6 written by Wade B. Holland and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noteworthy among many articles on implementing the Party Congress directives to push automation is a Science and Technology editorial warning against a narrow, production-oriented approach--a broad, socio-economic approach is needed. A Pravda editorial recounts barriers to automated production control; a Socialist Industry article specifies them with unusual directness--lack of authority to match responsibility for automation, unrealistic training, little help from some adivisory institutes, nondissemination of successful methods. Other articles discuss specific problems. Irkutsk is experimenting with a regionwide control/management system. Centralized territorial servicing of Minsk computers is highly successful in Riga but has not been adopted elsewhere or for other makes. The goal of 12-15,000 Ryad computers, publicized abroad, has yet to see print at home; the internal version is given. Other articles discuss information retrieval; tracking the Salyut orbital station; computer grading of written examinations and prediction of epidemics; establishment of an Administration of Scientific Instrument Construction. (Author).
Author : Wade B. Holland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Soviet Cybernetics Review. Volume 3, Number 12, 1969 (index). written by Wade B. Holland and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report is a set of indexes to the 1969 issues of Soviet Cybernetics Review, and bibliography with abstracts of 18 other Rand publications in the field of Soviet cybernetics. There are detailed indexes by subjects, personalities (including authors, persons written aboutm and persons pictured), organizations, and hardware/software. (Author).
Author : Wade B. Holland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Soviet Cybernetics Review. Volume 1, Number 2 written by Wade B. Holland and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ;Contents: Summary of 5-year plan automation goals; Buck-passing on control system problems; Automated planning system taking shape; Glushkov describes PROEKT design system; CMEA program includes research cooperation; Computers needed in physiology; Latvia models comprehensive approach to management; Nairi-3 computer; Oral input system in experimental stage; Computers aid services, research at Lvov U.; District service bureau centers needed; Automation of telephone billing system.
Author : Wade B. Holland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Soviet Cybernetics Review. Volume 3, Number 6, 1969 written by Wade B. Holland and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The June issue initiates a new title for the former Soviet Cybernetics: Recent News Items. One article gives the first concrete evidence of a new direction in Soviet computers toward third-generation machines that are program-compatible with the IBM System 360; the M-1000, -2000, and -3000 are the first being developed. Other hardware discussed are the Ural-14, Razdan-3, BESM-4, Ruta-110, Minsk-22, -23, and -32 computers and the Robotron-300 high-speed data processing complex. One article concludes that a multimachine operating mode promises more efficiency than does multiprogramming. Several articles stress the importance of fitting computers for national economic planning and automated control systems. An article on modeling artificial intelligence is included.
Author : Wade B. Holland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 93 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Soviet Cybernetics Review. Volume 2, Number 3 written by Wade B. Holland and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ;Contents: Ryad arrives--and so does the party; Problem-plagued ryad machine announced; K-200: Space computer or engineering oddity; Control system goals in five-year plan; Central Asia-computer backwater; Vacillation in Czech computer policy; Humanizing the computer; Moscow opens city computer center; The law must help cybernetics; Brain modeling has practical applications; Why not efficient use of computers in trade; Successful system shelved; 10 billion accountants needed; Agrocybernetics applied in ukraine; Trouble-shooting the iskra-122 ic calculator; Maritime control system spans globe; Brief survey of analog computers.
Author : Wade B. Holland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Soviet Cybernetics Review. Volume 3, Number 10, 1969 written by Wade B. Holland and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The October 1969 issue introduces preview synopses of new Soviet books of special interest to Western readers, and adds coverage of the new CPSU Central Committee newspaper. An overview of Soviet information retrieval work in science and technology is given in several articles and book excerpts, which decry the lack of adequate hardware, software, and personnel and the 'intolerable' slowness of the publication process. System analysts, system programmers, and applied mathematicians trained in specialized higher educational institutions are particularly needed. 'Sciometry', a new book on the 'science of science, ' lists the problems encountered by Soviet researchers, including lack of informal participation in international exchanges, delays in receiving foreign journals, the need for a centralized reference source and computerized information services, publication delays, and the two-way language barrier. Translated articles cover the nomination for a State Prize of the manufacturer and designer of the BESM-6; the SNCC; a logic device based on neuronlike structures; a PERT method for troop control; automatic indexing work; and a new document retrieval language. (Author).
Author : W. B. Holland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (897 download)
Download or read book Soviet Cybernetics Review, _4(1970)9 written by W. B. Holland and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Wade B. Holland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Soviet Cybernetics Review. Volume 2, Number 5 written by Wade B. Holland and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Lessons from U.S. 'electronic boom'; A dissent on computer network; Text of Glushkov address to supreme soviet; System problems: technology; Who will teach the computer; IR systems isolated from control systems; Computer centers for Small Factories; Variable-Structure Systems: a Lenin prize; Aeroflot's sirena system turned on; Computer system controls 2500 construction sites; Automation of aircraft languages; Diagnosis by teletype; ALGEM-1 and ALGEM-2 languages; Nuclear institute's computer facilities.
Author : Wade B. Holland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Soviet Cybernetics Review. Volume 3, Number 8, 1969 written by Wade B. Holland and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue includes two conference reports on the design program for ASVT modular hardware, and two articles discussing the causes of the time lag in implementing new technology. A summary of the Soviet view of writing programming languages is given in an article announcing the ALGOL 60-based ALPHA language, now used to compile BESM-6 code on the M-20 computer. The Recursive Functions Algorithmic Language (REFAL), used on the BESM-6, is also discussed. Articles on computer hardware include discussions of the (1) UP-1 two-way analog/digital converter using Ural-10 modules; (2) Promin' computer to process experimental data; (3) Kaktus system of computer-monitored instruction; (4) KVN-5 device for automatic vacuum spraying of thin films; (5) ChARS reader for typewritten data; (6) VNIIem-3 control computer for industrial use. A new book on the problem of optimality is of considerable interest (1) because optimality is one of the important problems now being studied by cybernetic methods, and (2) because of the publisher's forward and disclaimer. (Author).
