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Sound Temporal Envelope And Time Patterns Of Activity In The Human Auditory Pathway
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Book Synopsis Sound Temporal Envelope and Time-patterns of Activity in the Human Auditory Pathway by : Michael Patrick Harms
Download or read book Sound Temporal Envelope and Time-patterns of Activity in the Human Auditory Pathway written by Michael Patrick Harms and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) Important for this test was the development of a new set of basis functions for use in a general linear model that enabled the detection and quantification of the full range of cortical activity patterns. This study established that the time-pattern of cortical activity is strongly dependent on sound temporal envelope, but not sound level or bandwidth. Namely, as either rate or sound-time fraction increases, the time-pattern shifts from sustained to phasic. Thus, shifts in the time-pattern of cortical activity from sustained to phasic signal subsecond differences in sound temporal envelope. These shifts may be fundamental to the perception of successive acoustic transients as either distinct or grouped acoustic events.
Book Synopsis Sounds in Time by : Paul Thomas Fillmore
Download or read book Sounds in Time written by Paul Thomas Fillmore and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have described a set of experiments examining temporal organization in the auditory system on several timescales, using several stimulus types, to gain a broad picture of the representation of temporal features of sound in human auditory cortex. Experiment one examined the common claim of left hemisphere specialization for speech based on temporal factors (Schwartz & Tallal, 1980, Zatorre et al., 2002), and how these patterns could be modulated by task demands. Subjects listened to words with or without rapid formant transitions, and performed either a semantic or a phonemic task. We found that in the context of whole-word natural language processing, the presence of rapid temporal change does not result in expected left-lateralized effects. When participants attended to sound analysis, stimulus effects became more likely, but were found in both hemispheres. Our results stress the importance of task demands in evaluating theories of auditory perception. Experiment two used a novel stimulus in fMRI, repeated frozen noise, to examine periodotopic organization in auditory cortex for periods of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 ms. We found that primary auditory structures were sensitive to all periodicities, with each condition activating distinct additional areas in the temporal plane, and the most anterior areas preferentially sensitive to the longest periods. Despite the use of stimuli within timescales described elsewhere as preferentially driving hemispheric lateralization patterns (Poeppel, 2003), no effects of hemisphere were evident, suggesting that temporal hierarchical organization within hemisphere may be a more dominant structure than that across hemispheres. In experiment three, we used a modified auditory oddball paradigm to find regions of auditory cortex that code for sequence processing for sequences of differing lengths (1, 3 or 6 tones). We found regions sensitive to coding stimulus deviance throughout the temporal lobes, bilaterally. Additionally, downstream areas (i.e. anterior temporal and sensorimotor regions) were increasingly recruited with increasing sequence length. Different areas were active for the three and six-tone conditions, with the six-tone sequence activating the most anterior regions. These spatial patterns, along with those from experiment two, suggest the possibility of a length-based organization for sound in the human temporal lobe.
Book Synopsis Auditory and Visual Sensations by : Yoichi Ando
Download or read book Auditory and Visual Sensations written by Yoichi Ando and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-08 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ando establishes a theory of subjective preference of the sound field in a concert hall, based on preference theory with a model of human auditory- brain system. The model uses the autocorrelation function and the interaural crosscorrelation function for signals arriving at two ear entrances and considers the specialization of human cerebral hemispheres. The theory may be applied to describe primary sensations such as pitch or missing fundamental, loudness, timbre, and duration. The theory may also be applied to visual sensations as well as subjective preference of visual environments. Remarkable findings in activities in both auditory-brain and visual-brain systems in relation to subjective preference as a primitive response are described.
Book Synopsis The Auditory System and Human Sound-Localization Behavior by : John van Opstal
Download or read book The Auditory System and Human Sound-Localization Behavior written by John van Opstal and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-29 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Auditory System and Human Sound-Localization Behavior provides a comprehensive account of the full action-perception cycle underlying spatial hearing. It highlights the interesting properties of the auditory system, such as its organization in azimuth and elevation coordinates. Readers will appreciate that sound localization is inherently a neuro-computational process (it needs to process on implicit and independent acoustic cues). The localization problem of which sound location gave rise to a particular sensory acoustic input cannot be uniquely solved, and therefore requires some clever strategies to cope with everyday situations. The reader is guided through the full interdisciplinary repertoire of the natural sciences: not only neurobiology, but also physics and mathematics, and current theories on sensorimotor integration (e.g. Bayesian approaches to deal with uncertain information) and neural encoding. Quantitative, model-driven approaches to the full action-perception cycle of sound-localization behavior and eye-head gaze control Comprehensive introduction to acoustics, systems analysis, computational models, and neurophysiology of the auditory system Full account of gaze-control paradigms that probe the acoustic action-perception cycle, including multisensory integration, auditory plasticity, and hearing impaired
Book Synopsis The Human Auditory Cortex by : David Poeppel
Download or read book The Human Auditory Cortex written by David Poeppel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in a complex and dynamically changing acoustic environment. To this end, the auditory cortex of humans has developed the ability to process a remarkable amount of diverse acoustic information with apparent ease. In fact, a phylogenetic comparison of auditory systems reveals that human auditory association cortex in particular has undergone extensive changes relative to that of other species, although our knowledge of this remains incomplete. In contrast to other senses, human auditory cortex receives input that is highly pre-processed in a number of sub-cortical structures; this suggests that even primary auditory cortex already performs quite complex analyses. At the same time, much of the functional role of the various sub-areas in human auditory cortex is still relatively unknown, and a more sophisticated understanding is only now emerging through the use of contemporary electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques. The integration of results across the various techniques signify a new era in our knowledge of how human auditory cortex forms basis for auditory experience. This volume on human auditory cortex will have two major parts. In Part A, the principal methodologies currently used to investigate human auditory cortex will be discussed. Each chapter will first outline how the methodology is used in auditory neuroscience, highlighting the challenges of obtaining data from human auditory cortex; second, each methods chapter will provide two or (at most) three brief examples of how it has been used to generate a major result about auditory processing. In Part B, the central questions for auditory processing in human auditory cortex are covered. Each chapter can draw on all the methods introduced in Part A but will focus on a major computational challenge the system has to solve. This volume will constitute an important contemporary reference work on human auditory cortex. Arguably, this will be the first and most focused book on this critical neurological structure. The combination of different methodological and experimental approaches as well as a diverse range of aspects of human auditory perception ensures that this volume will inspire novel insights and spurn future research.
Book Synopsis Auditory Perception of Sound Sources by : William A. Yost
Download or read book Auditory Perception of Sound Sources written by William A. Yost and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Auditory Perception of Sound Sources covers higher-level auditory processes that are perceptual processes. The chapters describe how humans and other animals perceive the sounds that they receive from the many sound sources existing in the world. This book will provide an overview of areas of current research involved with understanding how sound-source determination processes operate. This book will focus on psychophysics and perception as well as being relevant to basic auditory research. Contents: Perceiving Sound Sources: An Overview William A. Yost Human Sound Source Identification Robert A. Lutfi Size Information in the Production and Perception of Communication Sounds Roy D. Patterson, David R. R. Smith, Ralph van Dinther, and Tom Walters The role of memory in auditory perception Laurent Demany, and Catherine Semal Auditory Attention and Filters Ervin R. Hafter, Anastasios Sarampalis, and Psyche Loui Informational masking Gerald Kidd Jr., Christine R. Mason, Virginia M. Richards, Frederick J. Gallun, and Nathaniel I. Durlach Effects of harmonicity and regularity on the perception of sound sources Robert P. Carlyon, and Hedwig E. Gockel Spatial Hearing and Perceiving Sources Christopher J. Darwin Envelope Processing and Sound-Source Perception Stanley Sheft Speech as a Sound Source Andrew J. Lotto, and Sarah C. Sullivan Sound Source Perception and Stream Segregation in Non-human Vertebrate Animals Richard R. Fay About the editors: William A. Yost, Ph.D., is Professor of Psychology, Adjunct Professor of Hearing Sciences of the Parmly Hearing Institute, and Adjunct Professor of Otolaryngology at Loyola University of Chicago. Arthur N. Popper is Professor in the Department of Biology and Co-Director of the Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing at the University of Maryland, College Park. Richard R. Fay is Director of the Parmly Hearing Institute and Professor of Psychology at Loyola University of Chicago. About the series: The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of synthetic reviews of fundamental topics dealing with auditory systems. Each volume is independent and authoritative; taken as a set, this series is the definitive resource in the field.
Book Synopsis Cochlear and Brainstem Implants by : Aage R. Møller
Download or read book Cochlear and Brainstem Implants written by Aage R. Møller and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today cochlear implants are the most successful of all prostheses of the nervous system. They are used in individuals who are deaf or suffer from a severe hearing deficiency caused by loss of cochlear hair cells. Auditory brainstem implants provide stimulation of the cochlear nucleus and are used in patients with an auditory nerve dysfunction, a deformed cochlea which does not allow cochlear implantation, or traumatic auditory nerve injury. In this volume different aspects of cochlear implantation such as the role of neural plasticity, the interaction with the development of the auditory system, and the optimal time of implantation in children (sensitive periods) are discussed in detail. Further, the processors and the algorithms used in modern cochlear implants are described The second part is devoted to auditory brainstem implants. It describes surgical techniques, methods for intraoperative testing as well as speech processing. It also deals with electrical stimulation of neural tissue and the neurophysiologic basis for cochlear and brainstem implants. The publication provides the latest scientific and clinical knowledge on cochlear and brainstem implants and is highly recommended to audiologists, otolaryngologists and also neurosurgeons.
Book Synopsis Auditory Processing of Complex Sounds by : William A. Yost
Download or read book Auditory Processing of Complex Sounds written by William A. Yost and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-07 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1987, this book is the result of a workshop on the processing of complex sounds held in 1986. All of the important contributions that are being made to understanding auditory processing of complex sounds could not be included in a single volume. However, the chapters do touch base with many of the lines of research and theory on complex sound and its perception at the time, and was felt that they should provide both food for thought and a broad introduction to the literature on a topic that the editors were sure would be studied intensely in the following couple of decades.
Book Synopsis The Auditory Cortex by : Jeffery A. Winer
Download or read book The Auditory Cortex written by Jeffery A. Winer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.
Book Synopsis The Auditory System in Sleep by : Ricardo Velluti
Download or read book The Auditory System in Sleep written by Ricardo Velluti and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Auditory System in Sleep presents for the first time a view of a sensory system working in a different state-that of the sleeping brain. The auditory system is always “open receiving information from the environment and the body itself (conscious and unconscious data). Even during sleep the auditory information is processed, although in a different way. This book draws information from evoked potentials, fMRI, PET, SPECT, lesions, etc., together with electrophysiological online data in order to depict how the auditory system single unit activity, recorded during sleep, revealed the possibility of sensory information participation in sleep processes. Presents diverse experimental viewpoints from the beginning of classical electroencephalography to the more recent imaging, single units, electro-magneto-encephalography studies, etc. Includes classic data as well as new data based in the existing literature and on the long scientific research lines (auditory and sleep) developed by the author and coworkers on this subject since 1963
Book Synopsis Auditory Neuroscience by : Jan Schnupp
Download or read book Auditory Neuroscience written by Jan Schnupp and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-08-17 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated overview of hearing and the interplay of physical, biological, and psychological processes underlying it. Every time we listen—to speech, to music, to footsteps approaching or retreating—our auditory perception is the result of a long chain of diverse and intricate processes that unfold within the source of the sound itself, in the air, in our ears, and, most of all, in our brains. Hearing is an "everyday miracle" that, despite its staggering complexity, seems effortless. This book offers an integrated account of hearing in terms of the neural processes that take place in different parts of the auditory system. Because hearing results from the interplay of so many physical, biological, and psychological processes, the book pulls together the different aspects of hearing—including acoustics, the mathematics of signal processing, the physiology of the ear and central auditory pathways, psychoacoustics, speech, and music—into a coherent whole.
Book Synopsis Auditory Scene Analysis by : Albert S. Bregman
Download or read book Auditory Scene Analysis written by Albert S. Bregman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994-09-29 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Auditory Scene Analysis addresses the problem of hearing complex auditory environments, using a series of creative analogies to describe the process required of the human auditory system as it analyzes mixtures of sounds to recover descriptions of individual sounds. In a unified and comprehensive way, Bregman establishes a theoretical framework that integrates his findings with an unusually wide range of previous research in psychoacoustics, speech perception, music theory and composition, and computer modeling.
Book Synopsis The Auditory System at the Cocktail Party by : John C. Middlebrooks
Download or read book The Auditory System at the Cocktail Party written by John C. Middlebrooks and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-19 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Auditory System at the Cocktail Party is a rather whimsical title that points to the very serious challenge faced by listeners in most everyday environments: how to hear out sounds of interest amid a cacophony of competing sounds. The volume presents the mechanisms for bottom-up object formation and top-down object selection that the auditory system employs to meet that challenge. Ear and Brain Mechanisms for Parsing the Auditory Scene by John C. Middlebrooks and Jonathan Z. Simon Auditory Object Formation and Selection by Barbara Shinn-Cunningham, Virginia Best, and Adrian K. C. Lee Energetic Masking and Masking Release by John F. Culling and Michael A. Stone Informational Masking in Speech Recognition by Gerald Kidd, Jr. and H. Steven Colburn Modeling the Cocktail Party Problem by Mounya Elhilali Spatial Stream Segregation by John C. Middlebrooks Human Auditory Neuroscience and the Cocktail Party Problem by Jonathan Z. Simon Infants and Children at the Cocktail Party by Lynne Werner Older Adults at the Cocktail Party by M. Kathleen Pichora-Fuller, Claude Alain, and Bruce A. Schneider Hearing with Cochlear Implants and Hearing Aids in Complex Auditory Scenes by Ruth Y. Litovsky, Matthew J. Goupell, Sara M. Misurelli, and Alan Kan About the Editors: John C. Middlebrooks is a Professor in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of California, Irvine, with affiliate appointments in the Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, the Department of Cognitive Sciences, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering. Jonathan Z. Simon is a Professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, with joint appointments in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the Department of Biology, and the Institute for Systems Research. Arthur N. Popper is Professor Emeritus and Research Professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Maryland, College Park. Richard R. Fay is Distinguished Research Professor of Psychology at Loyola University, Chicago. About the Series: The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of synthetic reviews of fundamental topics dealing with auditory systems. Each volume is independent and authoritative; taken as a set, this series is the definitive resource in the field.
Book Synopsis Contribution of the Subcortical Auditory Pathway to the Perception and Processing of Sounds by : Natàlia Gorina Careta
Download or read book Contribution of the Subcortical Auditory Pathway to the Perception and Processing of Sounds written by Natàlia Gorina Careta and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The auditory scene that we face during our day life is highly complex. The human auditory system is able to allow us to maintain a conversation with another person whilst ignoring the surrounding sounds but, at the same time, keeping track of what is happening to detect unexpected sounds that can be critical for survival. This suggests that whilst listening, there is an ongoing storage of information about the sounds we have already heard and how they relate to each other, thus allowing the auditory system to form expectations at different levels of complexity about what is going to come. Indeed, repetitive stimulation has been shown to reduce auditory neural activity in the human cerebral cortex and this neural activity that represents immediate or remembered features of a sensory stimulus can be used as evidence when making simple perceptual decisions. Yet, before reaching the auditory cortex, incoming auditory information is deeply processed by nuclei in the subcortical ascending auditory pathway. In a series of three studies carried out in the University of Barcelona and the University of Jyväskylä, we recorded the auditory frequency – following response (FFR) to study the contribution of the subcortical auditory pathway to sound encoding and processing. The FFR to periodic complex sounds provides a non-invasive measure of the neural transcription of sounds, as well as how auditory experiences transform these representations. Although it has been considered as a correlate of subcortical sound encoding, recent studies challenged this assumption, demonstrating that FFR receives major contribution from the auditory cortex. The objective of the present PhD thesis is to investigate how stimulus statistics and temporal predictability modulate regularity encoding in the subcortical auditory pathway and how the encoding strength of sounds in this pathway influences the latter making of simple auditory perceptual decisions. Additionally, we aimed to further characterize the FFR by means of electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography to understand the role of the frequency of the eliciting stimuli and disentangle the anatomical contribution of the FFRs elicited to sounds of different frequencies. Together our findings support the view that regularity encoding spans across the auditory hierarchy. Going a step further, temporal predictability and the frequency of the incoming stimulation also affect the subcortical sound encoding, which is reflected in the making of latter simple auditory perceptual decisions. Indeed, the frequency is a crucial parameter, as the cortical contribution to the FFR is not observable when the frequency of the sounds is around 300 Hz. Overall, we conclude that the subcortical auditory pathway has an active role in the perception and processing of the incoming sounds, consistent with the hypothesis of a distributed network for perceptual organization. Additionally, although the FFR has a multi-generator nature, it can still be used as a window into human subcortical sound encoding when using the appropriate stimulus parameters." -- TDX.
Book Synopsis The Processing of Sound Patterns in the Human Auditory System by : Rebecca Elizabeth Millman
Download or read book The Processing of Sound Patterns in the Human Auditory System written by Rebecca Elizabeth Millman and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Temporal Pattern Analysis by the Human Auditory System by : Caroline Witton
Download or read book Temporal Pattern Analysis by the Human Auditory System written by Caroline Witton and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Probing the Human Auditory System with Reverse Correlation by : Eva Rosalia Margaretha Joosten
Download or read book Probing the Human Auditory System with Reverse Correlation written by Eva Rosalia Margaretha Joosten and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once the sound reaches the ear, hearing can no longer be exclusively described as a me- chanical phenomenon of wave propagation. As we follow the auditory pathways deeper into the brain, neuronal action potentials shape our perception of sound. But how exactly do the spectrotemporal characteristics of the sound wave a ect perception? We investigated human auditory perception and decisional behaviour with reverse correlation. This technique yields richer datasets than classical methods based on performance metrics alone, providing classi - cation images (CIs) that display observers' task-dependent strategies while potentially serving as templates for computational modeling. We found that observers use the same strategies to detect peaks and dips in sound pressure on a narrow time scale but rst and second-order CIs reveal di erent temporal dynamics within each strategy. When observers detected a speci c frequency on a similar timescale, we were able to expose signatures of neuronal-like spectrotemporal tuning. Detailed modeling of the results showed that observers were not able to rely on the explicit output of these channels. In auditory motion experiments, CIs presented distinct spectrotemporal dynamics between sounds moving from one side of the observer to the other and sound moving towards or away from the observer. In stark contrast, an artificial detector program returned identical CIs. When stimuli were embedded in fragments of human speech and natural sounds, observers used a knowledge- based strategy; as long as fragments were perceived as meaningful, CIs displayed robust tuning e ects which diminished when speech was presented in a temporally reversed order. Overall, we can conclude that reverse correlation is a powerful tool for probing the human auditory system. It reflects task-dependent strategies imposed by the underlying neuronal circuitry rather than statistics or task speci cation.
