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Some Shock Tube Methods In Chemical Physics
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Book Synopsis Shock Tubes by : Irving Israel Glass
Download or read book Shock Tubes written by Irving Israel Glass and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 1970-12-15 with total page 983 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Toronto in June 1969. The symposium consisted of six sessions; each containing an invited paper, followed by six contributed papers reporting on recent, relevant research and development. The topics are: a review of research problems in basic shock tube flows and the possibilities for the shock tube in the future; driving techniques; explosive drivers; theoretical and experimental research in electromagnetic shock tubes; chemical kinetics and spectroscopy; and a review of shock tube diagnostics, instrumentation and fundamental data as well as the measurement of physical quantities.
Book Synopsis The Development and Application of Aerosol Shock Tube Methods for the Study of Low-vapor-pressure Fuels by : Daniel Robert Haylett
Download or read book The Development and Application of Aerosol Shock Tube Methods for the Study of Low-vapor-pressure Fuels written by Daniel Robert Haylett and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis describes a new facility and method of experimentation, which can be used to study the combustion chemistry of low-volatility fuels in the gas phase. Two main goals are described: first, the development of the aerosol shock tube and procedures; and second, a demonstration of its capabilities. There is a lack of high-quality, accurate chemical kinetics data for the oxidation of large hydrocarbons, which are important for modeling diesel, rocket, or jet engines among other combustion systems. While conventional shock tubes are very effective reactor vessels for low-molecular-weight gaseous fuels (n-alkanes up to five carbon atoms), larger fuel molecules exist as low-volatility liquids/solids, and the vapor-pressures of these fuels are not large enough for high or even moderate fuel loadings. Heating the shock tube has extended the use of shock tubes to carbon numbers of 10 to 12, but beyond that, the high temperatures prior to the shock initiation can decompose the fuel, and (for fuel mixtures like diesel) can cause fractional distillation. The question is then: how can we study low-vapor-pressure fuels in a shock tube? The solution presented here, which avoids the problems associated with heating, is called the aerosol shock tube. In the aerosol shock tube, the fuel is injected as an aerosol of micron-size droplets. Then a series of shock waves first evaporate the fuel and subsequently raise the resultant purely gas-phase mixture to combustion-relevant temperatures. With proper selection of the shock strength and timing, this process effectively decouples the mass and heat transfer processes associated with evaporation from the chemical mechanism of combustion. This enables the study of extremely low-volatility fuels, never before studied in a purely gas-phase form in a shock tube. The first application of this new facility was to measure the ignition delay time for many previously inaccessible fuels in the gas-phase. In this thesis, we have measured ignition delay times for the pure surrogate fuel components n-decane, n-dodecane, n-hexadecane, and methyl decanoate as well as for multi-component fuels such as JP-7 and multiple different blends of diesel fuel. Taken over a range of conditions, these measurements provide sensitive validation targets for their respective chemical mechanisms. These data showed agreement with past heated shock tube experiments for fuels in which premature fuel decomposition is not an issue (n-decane and low concentration n-dodecane). However, when comparing heated and aerosol shock tube ignition delay times for fuels that require significant heating, like n-hexadecane, the existing heated shock tube data demonstrated evidence of premature decomposition. The second application to the study of chemical kinetics was to measure the concentration of important species during the decomposition and oxidation of select low-vapor-pressure fuels. These species time-histories provide much more information for kinetic mechanism refinement. Experiments were performed to measure the important OH radical and the stable intermediate C2H4 for both n-hexadecane and diesel. The number of important low-vapor-pressure fuels that require high-quality validation targets is large, and our new method for providing this data has proven very effective. This work enables the development of the next generation of accurate chemical mechanisms and will be essential to their success.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry by : John H. Moore
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry written by John H. Moore and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 1161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics introduces possibly unfamiliar areas, explains important experimental and computational techniques, and describes modern endeavors. The encyclopedia quickly provides the basics, defines the scope of each subdiscipline, and indicates where to go for a more complete and detailed explanation. Particular attention has been paid to symbols and abbreviations to make this a user-friendly encyclopedia. Care has been taken to ensure that the reading level is suitable for the trained chemist or physicist. The encyclopedia is divided in three major sections: FUNDAMENTALS: the mechanics of atoms and molecules and their interactions, the macroscopic and statistical description of systems at equilibrium, and the basic ways of treating reacting systems. The contributions in this section assume a somewhat less sophisticated audience than the two subsequent sections. At least a portion of each article inevitably covers material that might also be found in a modern, undergraduate physical chemistry text. METHODS: the instrumentation and fundamental theory employed in the major spectroscopic techniques, the experimental means for characterizing materials, the instrumentation and basic theory employed in the study of chemical kinetics, and the computational techniques used to predict the static and dynamic properties of materials. APPLICATIONS: specific topics of current interest and intensive research. For the practicing physicist or chemist, this encyclopedia is the place to start when confronted with a new problem or when the techniques of an unfamiliar area might be exploited. For a graduate student in chemistry or physics, the encyclopedia gives a synopsis of the basics and an overview of the range of activities in which physical principles are applied to chemical problems. It will lead any of these groups to the salient points of a new field as rapidly as possible and gives pointers as to where to read about the topic in more detail.
Book Synopsis Progress in High Temperature Physics and Chemistry by : Carl A. Rouse
Download or read book Progress in High Temperature Physics and Chemistry written by Carl A. Rouse and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-10-13 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in High Temperature Physics and Chemistry
Book Synopsis Advances in Chemical Physics, Volume 58 by : Ilya Prigogine
Download or read book Advances in Chemical Physics, Volume 58 written by Ilya Prigogine and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-08 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics and physical chemistry fields with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Filled with cutting-edge research reported in a cohesive manner not found elsewhere in the literature, each volume of the Advances in Chemical Physics series serves as the perfect supplement to any advanced graduate class devoted to the study of chemical physics.
Book Synopsis The Shock Tube in High-temperature Chemical Physics by : Alfred Gordon Gaydon
Download or read book The Shock Tube in High-temperature Chemical Physics written by Alfred Gordon Gaydon and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Excited State in Chemical Physics, Volume 28 by : J. W. McGowan
Download or read book The Excited State in Chemical Physics, Volume 28 written by J. W. McGowan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-08 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics and physical chemistry fields with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Filled with cutting-edge research reported in a cohesive manner not found elsewhere in the literature, each volume of the Advances in Chemical Physics series serves as the perfect supplement to any advanced graduate class devoted to the study of chemical physics.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Shock Waves, Three Volume Set by : Gabi Ben-Dor
Download or read book Handbook of Shock Waves, Three Volume Set written by Gabi Ben-Dor and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-10-18 with total page 2188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Shock Waves contains a comprehensive, structured coverage of research topics related to shock wave phenomena including shock waves in gases, liquids, solids, and space. Shock waves represent an extremely important physical phenomena which appears to be of special practical importance in three major fields: compressible flow (aerodynamics), materials science, and astrophysics. Shock waves comprise a phenomenon that occurs when pressure builds to force a reaction, i.e. sonic boom that occurs when a jet breaks the speed of sound.This Handbook contains experimental, theoretical, and numerical results which never before appeared under one cover; the first handbook of its kind.The Handbook of Shock Waves is intended for researchers and engineers active in shock wave related fields. Additionally, R&D establishments, applied science & research laboratories and scientific and engineering libraries both in universities and government institutions. As well as, undergraduate and graduate students in fluid mechanics, gas dynamics, and physics. Key Features* Ben-Dor is known as one of the founders of the field of shock waves* Covers a broad spectrum of shock wave research topics* Provides a comprehensive description of various shock wave related subjects* First handbook ever to include under one separate cover: experimental, theoretical, and numerical results
Book Synopsis 28th International Symposium on Shock Waves by : Konstantinos Kontis
Download or read book 28th International Symposium on Shock Waves written by Konstantinos Kontis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-14 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The University of Manchester hosted the 28th International Symposium on Shock Waves between 17 and 22 July 2011. The International Symposium on Shock Waves first took place in 1957 in Boston and has since become an internationally acclaimed series of meetings for the wider Shock Wave Community. The ISSW28 focused on the following areas: Blast Waves, Chemically Reacting Flows, Dense Gases and Rarefied Flows, Detonation and Combustion, Diagnostics, Facilities, Flow Visualisation, Hypersonic Flow, Ignition, Impact and Compaction, Multiphase Flow, Nozzle Flow, Numerical Methods, Propulsion, Richtmyer-Meshkov, Shockwave Boundary Layer Interaction, Shock Propagation and Reflection, Shock Vortex Interaction, Shockwave Phenomena and Applications, as well as Medical and Biological Applications. The two Volumes contain the papers presented at the symposium and serve as a reference for the participants of the ISSW 28 and individuals interested in these fields.
Book Synopsis Uniform Supersonic Flows In Chemical Physics: Chemistry Close To Absolute Zero Studied Using The Cresu Method by : Bertrand R Rowe
Download or read book Uniform Supersonic Flows In Chemical Physics: Chemistry Close To Absolute Zero Studied Using The Cresu Method written by Bertrand R Rowe and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2022-05-18 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioastronomy has painted an extraordinary picture of the Galactic interstellar medium, which displays an amazing organization and structuring of matter from very hot ultra-diluted media to very cold denser milieus considered as the cradles of stars. In these latter environments, the discovery of a chemical diversity of molecules, including those associated with precursors to life itself, immediately brought to light the question of the mechanisms leading to their formation and persistence at temperatures as low as 10 K. The chemical networks developed to understand telescope observations required a great deal of physical and chemical parameters relevant to interstellar conditions, particularly at very low temperatures. These included the rate coefficients of thousands of gas phase chemical reactions. Such data were missing in the 1970s, when the very first molecular discoveries were made. Then, in the early eighties, it was realized that uniform supersonic flows were ideal chemical reactors to study reaction kinetics at interstellar temperatures.Uniform Supersonic Flows in Chemical Physics reviews 40 years of use of such reactors, the so-called CRESU machines, focusing on major breakthroughs brought to chemical physics, physical chemistry, astrophysics and astrochemistry by the various experiments carried out with such apparatuses. The wealth of kinetic data at very low temperatures provided new targets for the predictions of theory, with new theoretical methods being developed to explain observed behavior. The first two chapters describe the physical context of reaction kinetics at very low temperatures and the requirements needed to run optimally such uniform supersonic flows, together with a historical perspective. Chapters 3 to 9 describe the various families of chemical processes that have been explored within the CRESU technique, highlighting major advances and offering an exhaustive up-to-date bibliography. Chapters 10 and 11 show how these experimental results have helped in improving the ideas in quantum chemistry and interstellar modeling. The book concludes with an overview of potential perspectives and new routes to be explored.
Book Synopsis Kinetics of Inorganic Reactions by : A. G. Sykes
Download or read book Kinetics of Inorganic Reactions written by A. G. Sykes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kinetics of Inorganic Reactions provides a comprehensive account of the mechanisms of inorganic reaction. The book is comprised of 15 chapters that deal with the two main fields of inorganic reaction, the homogeneous gas-phase reactions and solution reactions. The first chapter of the text provides an introduction to some of the basic concepts in inorganic reaction, which include the mechanisms of a reaction, reactions in different phases, and the feasibilities of a reaction. Next, the book details the experimental techniques and treatment of data. The next series of chapters talks about gas-phase reactions. The book also dedicates a chapter in covering various types of reactions, including isotopic reaction and redox reaction. Chapters 12 to 14 deal with substitution reactions, while Chapter 15 talks about acid-base reactions. The text will be most useful to chemists and chemical engineers, particularly those who deal with inorganic chemistry.
Book Synopsis The Shock Tube in High Temperature Chemical Physics by : Alfred Gordon Gaydon
Download or read book The Shock Tube in High Temperature Chemical Physics written by Alfred Gordon Gaydon and published by . This book was released on 2013-03 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Princeton Alumni Weekly written by and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 1006 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular and Chemical Physics, Chemistry, Biological Effects, Geo and Planetary Sciences, New Resources, Dynamic Pressures, High Pressure Safety by : B. Vodar
Download or read book Molecular and Chemical Physics, Chemistry, Biological Effects, Geo and Planetary Sciences, New Resources, Dynamic Pressures, High Pressure Safety written by B. Vodar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-05-23 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High Pressure Science and Technology, Volume 2 contains the proceedings of the Association Internationale for Research and Advancement of High Pressure Science and Technology's VIIth International Conference held in Le Creusot, France, from July 30 to August 3, 1979. The papers explore a wide range of topics relating to high pressure science and technology, including molecular and chemical physics; melting and dense fluids; liquid crystals; molecular thermophysical properties; light scattering; intermolecular spectroscopy; high-temperature, high-pressure fluids; and properties of earth materials. This volume is comprised of 128 chapters and begins by calculating equations of state for static molecular and metallic hydrogen using the density functional method. The following chapters discuss the effect of density on the induced near infrared absorption spectrum of solid molecular hydrogen at 4.2 K; vibrational relaxation in highly compressed hydrogen; the dual melting curves of carbon tetrachloride; and the statistical theory of polymorphic phase transitions and crystallization. Alkane chain conformation as a function of pressure is also examined, along with high pressure thermodynamics and phase equilibria of fluid mixtures. The remaining sections focus on the lithosphere, athenosphere, and the behavior of dense materials. This book will be a valuable resource for materials scientists, metallurgists, physicists, chemists, and mechanical engineers.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Modelling of Gas-Phase Complex Reaction Systems: Pyrolysis and Combustion by :
Download or read book Mathematical Modelling of Gas-Phase Complex Reaction Systems: Pyrolysis and Combustion written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-06-21 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical Modelling of Gas-Phase Complex Reaction Systems: Pyrolysis and Combustion, Volume 45, gives an overview of the different steps involved in the development and application of detailed kinetic mechanisms, mainly relating to pyrolysis and combustion processes. The book is divided into two parts that cover the chemistry and kinetic models and then the numerical and statistical methods. It offers a comprehensive coverage of the theory and tools needed, along with the steps necessary for practical and industrial applications. Details thermochemical properties and "ab initio" calculations of elementary reaction rates Details kinetic mechanisms of pyrolysis and combustion processes Explains experimental data for improving reaction models and for kinetic mechanisms assessment Describes surrogate fuels and molecular reconstruction of hydrocarbon liquid mixtures Describes pollutant formation in combustion systems Solves and validates the kinetic mechanisms using numerical and statistical methods Outlines optimal design of industrial burners and optimization and dynamic control of pyrolysis furnaces Outlines large eddy simulation of turbulent reacting flows
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1160 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Fiscal Year 1986 Department of Energy Authorization (basic Research Programs) by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications
Download or read book Fiscal Year 1986 Department of Energy Authorization (basic Research Programs) written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
