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Author : Herbert Basil Sutton Cooke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (87 download)
Download or read book Some Observations on Rainfall Distribution in South Africa written by Herbert Basil Sutton Cooke and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Molly Elizabeth Hellmuth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Climate Risk Management in Africa written by Molly Elizabeth Hellmuth and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John F. Hermance
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3319005758
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Historical Variability of Rainfall in the African East Sahel of Sudan written by John F. Hermance and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The northward migration of the African monsoon rains in summer, associated with the seasonal march of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) across the plains south of the Sahara, is the most critical asset for the livelihoods of indigenous peoples and local economies of the Sahel. It is essential that climate science (and its publicly available database) play a key role in characterizing the variabilities of these rainfall patterns in space and time if sustainable life styles are to accommodate the expanding populations of the region. This study turns to the East Sahel of Sudan by analyzing over 100 years of historical rainfall data from three of the few long term standard WMO rain gauge stations in substantially different rainfall settings. From north to south, transecting the Sahel, the stations with their annual rainfall are Khartoum (130 mm); Kassala (280 mm); and Gedaref (600 mm). The conclusions challenge a popular notion that changing climate, drought and desertification in the East Sahel may have already accelerated the deterioration of its water resources. However, any evidence of a persistent and coherent regional trend of diminishing rainfall is obscure. Quite the contrary, the evidence demonstrates that the fluctuations of climate and weather patterns over the ensuing decades of the past century - at all temporal scales from days to years to decades - profoundly overwhelm any suggestion of a large-scale, coherent decrease (or increase) in rainfall. The implication is that, it is not long term change, but the highly localized interseasonal, interannual and multiannual variability of rainfall that poses the greatest and most immediate societal threat from naturally-induced causes; a process constantly destabilizing an agrarian economy struggling to survive in a climate that irregularly vacillates between years of drought and years of flooding. While this report may have some interest for climate scientists, it is primarily directed to a general readership (including students in public policy and anthropology) concerned with the availability of water in the Sahel, particularly the long term sustainability of local small-scale farms and transhumant pastoralism.
Author : Daniel S. Wilks
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123850223
Total Pages : 698 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)
Download or read book Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences written by Daniel S. Wilks and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-05-20 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and expanded text explains the latest statistical methods that are being used to describe, analyze, test, and forecast atmospheric data. It features numerous worked examples, illustrations, equations, and exercises with separate solutions. The book will help advanced students and professionals understand and communicate what their data sets have to say, and make sense of the scientific literature in meteorology, climatology, and related disciplines.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (21 download)
Download or read book The South African Geographical Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volumes for 1932-1940 contain Cape Geographical Society. Report.
Author : Gwendolen Margaret Carter
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Southern Africa written by Gwendolen Margaret Carter and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1981 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the educational systems of Botswana, Lesotho, South Africa, Southwest Africa/Namibia and Swaziland with an addendum on Zimbabwe-Rhodesia : A guide to the academic placement of students in educational institutions of the United States.
Author : Monica Cole
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000620085
Total Pages : 829 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)
Download or read book South Africa written by Monica Cole and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-10-05 with total page 829 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1961, this book was the first comprehensive work on South African geography that also presented a balanced account of all facets of the economic life. It was written to provide background information on South Africa – the nature of the country, its resources and deficiencies, its historic settlement by peoples of different races and of the progress made and the difficulties encountered in the major areas of economic activity: agriculture, mining, manufacturing and trade. In discussing these factors the book acknowledged that in South Africa the complexities of the relationships between peoples of different racial origins and widely differently economic and cultural standards are met in one country.
Author : Elizabeth May Webster
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book A Synoptic Climatology of Continental Tropical Low Pressure Systems Over Southern Africa and Their Contribution to Rainfall Over South Africa written by Elizabeth May Webster and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical weather systems are known to cause havoc due to heavy rain which leads to flooding. Continental Tropical Low pressures (CTLs) are one of such systems. Very little research has been dedicated to tropical weather over southern Africa, with even less literature available on CTLs. As a result, there is little understanding of these weather systems and the potential danger associated with them. Using NCEP reanalysis data, an objective identification method which consists of four criteria is created to recognize CTLs by detecting atmospheric conditions that are conducive to the development of CTLs. These conditions include, the presence of an upright standing low pressure with a high pressure aloft, warm column temperatures, high precipitable water and high total energy values. These results are used to create a climatology of CTLs over southern Africa where it is found that CTLs occur most frequently over southern Zambia and Angola. CTLs do not often reach the central interior of South Africa, with a return period of 78 years, however, they occur more frequently over the northern parts of Limpopo province with a return period of 5 years. It is uncommon for CTLs to extend south of 22.5℗ʻS (South Africa) during December months, however by March there is a westward shift in the preferred CTL location. January has the highest number of CTL events (36%), followed very closely by February (34%). The average lifespan of a CTL is up to three days, but reaching 13 to 16 days on rare occasions. The rainfall contribution of CTLs to South Africa is calculated using daily observed rainfall station data from the South African Weather Service. It is found that the average rainfall associated with a CTL is far higher than the total rainfall of the region. CTLs are associated with extreme rainfall events and it is seen that there is an average of 110 occurrences per year where at least 50 mm is measured in a 24 hour period and 29 per year where at least 100 mm is recorded. The general rainfall distribution around a CTL largely occurs to the east of it, while the extreme rainfall amounts are found to the south of the CTL. It is also established that topography plays an important role in the rainfall distribution with higher rainfall amounts occurring along the escarpment. A case study is used to demonstrate the objective identification method presented in this dissertation. The CTL was accurately identified, however the NCEP data slightly misplaced the position of the low pressure when compared to the satellite image. The case study highlighted that due to the slow movement, broad extent of the rain bands and the possible long lifespan, CTLs can result in widespread impacts. It also demonstrated that using the criteria developed in this dissertation, a forecaster can accurately identify a CTL.
Author : Royal Society of South Africa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 966 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa written by Royal Society of South Africa and published by . This book was released on 1924 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 884 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : South African Association for the Advancement of Science
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 682 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Report of the South African Association for the Advancement of Science written by South African Association for the Advancement of Science and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jasper Knight
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319949748
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)
Download or read book The Geography of South Africa written by Jasper Knight and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection examines contemporary directions in geographical research on South Africa. It encompasses a cross section of selected themes of critical importance not only to the discipline of Geography in South Africa, but also of relevance to other areas of the Global South. All chapters are original contributions, providing a state of the art research baseline on key themes in physical, human and environmental geography, and in understanding the changing geographical landscapes of modern South Africa. These contributions set the scene for an understanding of the relationships between modern South Africa and the wider contemporary world, including issues of sustainable development and growth in the Global South.
Author : Nosipho Ntombani Zwane
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)
Download or read book Investigating the Influence of Present and Projected Climate on the Livelihood of Small-scale Farmers in the UThungulu District Municipality, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa written by Nosipho Ntombani Zwane and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several studies have been conducted globally with regards to climate variability and change. A gap has been identified to link the impact of present and projected climate on the livelihood of small-scale farmers in South Africa. The main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of present and projected climate on the livelihood of small-scale farmers in the uThungulu District Municipality, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Mean monthly composite of rainfall and temperature from observation data obtained (1997-2015) from South African Weather Service (SAWS) characterizes uThungulu District Municipality as having two distinct seasons, a wet season from October to March and a dry season from April to September. For temperature a small dispersion with slight positive skewness in dataset was observed. Meanwhile, for rainfall a large dispersion with negative skewness was observed. The community in this region is highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture making the small-scale farmers vulnerable to climate variability and change. A case study on Ntambanana, one of the six local municipalities of uThungulu District Municipality was considered in which analyses of small-scale farmers perceptions of the past and present climate changes in relation to their livelihood was profiled. Most small-scale farmers0́9 households were female headed between the ages of 18-59 years. In the last 10-20 years, small-scale farmers observed a change in crop farming due to changes in rainfall patterns and less harvest due to high temperatures. The results from small-scale farmers0́9 perceptions correlate to the meteorological data in which long-term linear trends show that temperature maximum is increasing at the rate of 0.0298℗ʻC/yr and temperature minimum decreasing at a rate of 0.0629℗ʻC/yr. On the other hand, long-term linear trends for rainfall also showed a decrease rate of 1.5887mm/yr. From the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) analysis, 11 out of 19 years had below normal average rainfall. Those years with below average rainfall were also characterized by late onset of rainfall and early rainfall cessation. Some of those years were also associated with El Nino phenomenon which brings dry conditions in South Africa. Two CMIP 5 Global Climate Models (GCMs) were considered for climate projections and those were GFD and Nor. These models were selected because they simulated proximity results to observations. Downscaling based on Quantile Mapping (QM) using three tests (PTF, SSPLINL and QUANT) showed that the SSPLINL and QUANT were better methods to employ when conducting impact studies using GCMs. Changes in projected hydrological processes were also investigated, results showed that uThungulu will have less drought events meanwhile the severity, magnitude and duration will be higher. The study concluded three things (1) uThungulu District Municipality has experienced substantial inter-annual variations in the past and present climate, (2) small-scale farmers perception of climate corroborate meteorological variables analyzed (3) uThungulu District is prone to extreme climate events and projected climate change and extreme events will result in the livelihood of poor communities such as Ntambanana to be more vulnerable because of limited coping mechanism and resources.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1652 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (21 download)
Download or read book Monthly Weather Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert Maliva
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364229104X
Total Pages : 1068 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)
Download or read book Arid Lands Water Evaluation and Management written by Robert Maliva and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-09 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large part of the global population lives in arid lands which have low rainfall and often lack the water required for sustainable population and economic growth. This book presents a comprehensive description of the hydrogeology and hydrologic processes at work in arid lands. It describes the techniques that can be used to assess and manage the water resources of these areas with an emphasis on groundwater resources, including recent advances in hydrologic evaluation and the differences between how aquifer systems behave in arid lands versus more humid areas. Water management techniques are described and summarized to show how a more comprehensive approach to water management is required in these areas, including the need to be aware of cultural sensitivities and conditions unique to many arid regions. The integration of existing resources with the addition of new water sources, such as desalination of brackish water and seawater, along with reusing treated wastewater, will be required to meet future water supply needs. Also, changing climatic conditions will force water management systems to be more robust so that future water supply demands can be met as droughts become more intense and rainfall events become more intense. A range of water management techniques are described and discussed in order to illustrate the methods for integrating these measures within the context of arid lands conditions.
Author : John Abbot
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789847346
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)
Download or read book Rainfall written by John Abbot and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-11-13 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes aspects of rainfall including the extremes, distribution and properties. The introductory chapter focusses on drought and flooding rains over Australia, placing extreme rainfall events from recent decades into a historical context using reconstructions from proxy data. The next three chapters focus on distribution and impacts of rainfall. The first of these chapters presents a statistical analysis of rainfall patterns for Jeddah City and considers future impacts. The second examines rainfall in the context of impacts, vulnerability and climate change in eastern Africa. The third examines extreme rainfall and drought in the Asia-Pacific, through application of monitoring from space. The final chapters focus on properties of rain, one examining aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions, while another considers the chemical nature of individual size-resolved raindrops.
Author : Marinus J.A. Werger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400999518
Total Pages : 1402 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Biogeography and Ecology of Southern Africa written by Marinus J.A. Werger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Southern Africa is certainly not a naturally bounded area so that there are several possibilities for delineating it and concepts about its extent. Wellington* discussed the various possibilities for delineation and suggested that one line stands out more clearly and definitely as a physical boundary than any other, namely the South Equatorial Divide, the watershed between the ZaIre, Cuanza and Rufiji Rivers on the one hand and the Z ambezi, Cunene and Rovuma Rivers on the other. This South Equatorial Divide is indeed a major line of separation for some organisms and is also applicable in a certain geographical sense, though it does not possess the slightest significance for many other groups of organisms, ecosystems or geographical and physical features of Africa. The placing of the northern boundary of southern Africa differs in fact strongly per scientific dis cipline and is also influenced by practical considerations regarding the possibilities of scientific work as subordinate to certain political realities and historically grown traditions. This is illustrated, for example, in such works as the Flora of Southern Africa, where the northern boundary of the area is conceived as the northern and eastern political boundaries of South West Africa, South Africa and Swaziland. Botswana, traditionally included in the area covered by the Flora Zambesiaca, thus forms a large wedge in 'Southern Africa'.
