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Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437931499
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)
Download or read book Somalia: Current Conditions and Prospects for a Lasting Peace written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (713 download)
Download or read book Somalia: Current Conditions and Prospects for a Lasting Peace written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In October 2002, the Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD) launched a peace process designed to end factional fighting in Somalia, led by the government of Kenya. In September 2003, the parties agreed on a Transitional National Charter (TNC). In August 2004, a 275-member Transitional Parliament was inaugurated in Kenya. In October 2004, parliament elected Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed as the new president of Somalia. In June 2006, the forces of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) took control of the capital, Mogadishu. During the 6-month rule by the ICU, Mogadishu became relatively peaceful. On December 28, 2006, Ethiopian troops captured Mogadishu with little resistance from the ICU. The Ethiopian intervention led to more chaos and instability in Somalia. In January 2007, the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) came to the capital, Mogadishu, from Baidoa after the ouster of the ICU. Humanitarian, political, and security conditions continue to deteriorate across south-central Somalia. In the past 2 years, more than 22,000 civilians have been killed, an estimated 1.1 million people displaced, and 476,000 Somalis have fled to neighboring countries. In 2008, fighting between insurgent groups and Ethiopian-TFG forces intensified, and by late 2008, the TFG had lost control of most of south-central Somalia to insurgent groups. In January 2009, Ethiopian forces completed their withdrawal from Somalia. In December 2008, President Yusuf resigned from office and left for Yemen. In June 2008, the TFG and the Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia (ARS), a group dominated by members of the ICU, agreed to a cease-fire, the withdrawal of Ethiopian forces, and the deployment of a United Nations peacekeeping force. A number of towns are now under the control of Al-Shabaab, a group opposed to the TFG. The Obama Administration is actively engaged in support of the TFG and in an effort to contain terrorist groups in Somalia and the region.
Author : Theodore S. Dagne
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Somalia written by Theodore S. Dagne and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Theodore S. Dagne
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (788 download)
Download or read book Somalia written by Theodore S. Dagne and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In October 2002, the Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD) launched a peace process designed to end factional fighting in Somalia, led by the government of Kenya. In September 2003, the parties agreed on a Transitional National Charter (TNC). In August 2004, a 275-member Transitional Parliament was inaugurated in Kenya. In October 2004, parliament elected Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed as the new president of Somalia. In June 2006, the forces of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) took control of the capital, Mogadishu. During the six-month rule by the ICU, Mogadishu became relatively peaceful, but efforts to bring peace did not lead to a major breakthrough. On December 28, 2006, Ethiopian troops captured Mogadishu with little resistance from the ICU. The Ethiopian intervention led to more chaos and instability in Somalia. In January 2007, the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) came to the capital, Mogadishu, from Baidoa after the ouster of the ICU. In June 2008, the TFG and the Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia (ARS), a group dominated by members of the ICU, signed an agreement in Djibouti mediated by then-United Nations Special Envoy Ahmedou Ould-Abdullah. The parties agreed to a cease-fire, the withdrawal of Ethiopian forces, and the deployment of a United Nations peacekeeping force. Humanitarian, political, and security conditions continue to deteriorate across south-central Somalia. Between May and August 2011, an estimated 30,000 children have died as a result of the current humanitarian crisis. An estimated 3.7 million people are in need of assistance, and one in three children are malnourished. There are an estimated 792,544 Somali refugees in neighboring countries and 1.7 Internally Displaced People (IDPs). An estimated 12.4 million people are in need of assistance in the Horn of Africa region. In early August 2011, Al-Shabaab forces pulled out of Mogadishu, the capital. The Obama Administration is actively engaged in support of the TFG and in an effort to contain terrorist groups in Somalia and the region. The U.S. Congress has passed a number of resolutions and has conducted multiple hearings on Somalia. The United States provided an estimated $403.8 million in assistance to Somalia in FY2009. In FY2010, Somalia received $152.1 million. The Obama Administration has requested $84.9 million for FY2011 and $82.3 for FY2012. The United States also provides material support to TFG forces. As of August 2011, the United States has provided $581 million in response to the humanitarian crisis in the Horn of Africa region.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)
Download or read book Somalia written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States House of Representatives
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781690623250
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (232 download)
Download or read book Somalia written by United States House of Representatives and published by . This book was released on 2019-10-11 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Somalia: prospects for lasting peace and a unified response to extremism and terrorism: hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, June 25, 2009.
Author : Mark Bradbury
Publisher : Oxfam Working Papers
ISBN 13 : 9780855982713
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (827 download)
Download or read book The Somali Conflict written by Mark Bradbury and published by Oxfam Working Papers. This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper aims at identifying practical ways in which NGOs might contribute to the peacemaking process in Somalia and Somaliland. It covers the Somali Civil War up to October 1993. The author believes that Somalia has become a testing ground for the UN, the U.S. and NGOs, a theatre in which many ideas pertinent to a possible future world order are being worked out. He believes the heart of the challenge is how humanitarian agencies learn to respond to the results of armed conflict in complex and protracted emergencies. A wide range of suggestions is offered to NGOs. They need to recognise that peacemaking is a long term process and should consider sponsoring research into the causes and impact of the Somali conflict. UN efforts have failed because they represented external intervention rather than a Somali initiative, so NGOs may need to get involved on a political level. They could assist by promoting "peacemaking" rather than "peace enforcement", for example, by advocating an enquiry into human rights abuses by UN personnel and by Somali warlords. Peacemaking needs to address the underlying causes of conflict- in Somalia land ownership and land use is a significant source of conflict and this is another area where NGOs could usefully focus resources. Finally, the author considers that peacemaking and development can usefully be seen as similar processes, both of which benefit from a participatory approach. Thus NGOs have an important role to play in promoting local initiatives.
Author : T. J. Coles
Publisher : CLAIRVIEW BOOKS
ISBN 13 : 1905570953
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (55 download)
Download or read book Britain’s Secret Wars written by T. J. Coles and published by CLAIRVIEW BOOKS. This book was released on 2018-12-03 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a devastating analysis, T. J. Coles reveals the true extent of Britain’s covert foreign policy that supports war, conflict and oppression around the world. Unbeknownst to the broad population, the Shadow State sponsors a ‘new world order’ that allies Britain with America’s quest for global power – what the Pentagon calls ‘Full Spectrum Dominance’. Coles documents how British operatives have interfered in Syria, Libya, Iraq, Iran and Yemen with the aim of deposing unwanted regimes. In doing so, they have helped create extensive terrorist networks across the Middle East, reviving previously-failing Jihadist groups such as ISIL, which has now transformed into an international terror franchise. In addition to waging clandestine wars in the Middle East, the secret services have used the military to run drugs by proxy in Colombia, train death squads in Bangladesh and support instability in Ukraine, where NATO’s strategic encroachment on Russia is drawing the world closer to terminal nuclear confrontation. Coles unearths Britain’s involvement in the recent ethnic cleansing of Tamil civilians by the Sri Lankan government, the invasion of Somalia by Somali and Ethiopian warlords, and Indonesia’s atrocities in Papua. He also exposes the extensive use of drones for murder and intimidation across the Middle East and elsewhere. Britain’s Secret Wars is essential reading for anyone who wants to dig beneath the surface of current events. This expanded edition features a new Preface.
Author : Audrey Mattoon
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319449834
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)
Download or read book Civil Wars and Third-Party Interventions in Africa written by Audrey Mattoon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the impact and efficiency of Western intervention in African civil wars. Emphasizing the relational conditions to the study of interventions, it posits the importance of historical, institutional relationships not just in the decision to intervene but also in the process of intervention and its outcome. Drawing from case studies of American and European intervention in Sierra Leone, Côte d’Ivoire, and Mali, the author applies a multi-method research design to identify the role colonial legacy plays in shaping the success of interventions. Her analysis concludes that the relational context of interventions helps determine the likelihood of success and that not all states are appropriately equipped to intervene in all civil wars, which is not simply a function of defense spending on materials. This book thus speaks to both academics and policy-makers specializing in conflict resolution and conflict dynamics in modern African civil wars.
Author : Mario Silva
Publisher : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9004268847
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)
Download or read book State Legitimacy and Failure in International Law written by Mario Silva and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2014-02-06 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Failing states share characteristics of inadequate structural competency, including, inter alia, the inability to advance human welfare and security. Economic inequalities and corruption are present, as well as a loss of legitimacy and reduced social cohesion. Failure of rule of law is manifested in areas of judicial adjudication, security, reduced territorial control and systemic political instability. The international community often confronts these challenges in a manner that actually complicates issues further through lack of consensus among state actors. Consequently, a new and emerging concept of sovereignty requires review in terms of the postmodern state. Through scholarly consideration, State Legitimacy and Failure in International Law evaluates gaps in structural competency that precipitate state failure and examines the resulting consequences for the world community
Author : Emma Leonard
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 178093582X
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Globalizing Somalia written by Emma Leonard and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays demonstrates how chronic state failure and the inability of the international community to provide a solution to the conflict in Somalia has had transnational repercussions. Following the failed humanitarian mission in 1992-93, most countries refrained from any direct involvement in Somalia, but this changed in the 2000s with the growth of piracy and links to international terrorist organizations. The deterritorialization of the conflict quickly became apparent as it became transnational in nature. In part because of it lacked a government and was unable to work with the international community, Somalia came to be seen as a "testing-ground" by many international actors. Globalizing Somalia demonstrates how China, Japan, and the EU, among others, have all used the conflict in Somalia to project power, test the bounds of the national constitution, and test their own military capabilities. Contributed by international scholars and experts, the work examines the impact of globalization on the internal and external dynamics of the conflict, arguing that it is no longer geographically contained. By bringing together the many actors and issues involved, the book fills a gap in the literature as one of the most complete works on the conflict in Somalia to date. It will be an essential text to any student interested in Somalia and the horn of Africa, as well as in terrorism, and conflict processes.
Author : John Davis
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 0739135775
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)
Download or read book Terrorism in Africa written by John Davis and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2012-07-10 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study, Terrorism in Africa: The Evolving Front in the War on Terrorism, represents a research endeavor aimed at increasing scholarly discourse on the ever-expanding threat of terrorism and terrorist-related violence in the region. It offers the most wide-ranging analysis of the sub-national and transnational terrorists groups that have made Africa the second most violent region in the world. Additionally, the study expands the coverage of the multiple dynamics that indicate why terrorist-related violence continues to increase in the region and closes with regional solutions to the threat of terrorism. This collection of essays offers a comprehensive analysis of the states, terrorist groups, and critical issues that have increased the specter of terrorism in Africa. The study is divided into three themes: (1) the diversity of the terrorist threat among states in the region, (2) the regional dynamics and the local response to terrorism, and (3) regional solutions to the threat of terrorism in Africa.
Author : John Maszka
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 1786344009
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (863 download)
Download or read book Al-shabaab And Boko Haram: Guerrilla Insurgency Or Strategic Terrorism? written by John Maszka and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boko Haram is now the deadliest 'terrorist' organization operational in the world, by virtue of the sheer number of people the group have killed. Together with al-Shabaab, the two groups account for a substantial amount of carnage on the African continent. Analyzed here are the ideologies of these two infamous organizations. Utilizing information from breadcrumbs that they leave behind, in videos, media releases and various correspondence, this book searches for clues within the historical and contemporary social context that explain their existence. It explores the ideological roots the two organizations share and examines the goals and objectives of each group in order to calculate the nature of the threat posed in the broader international realm. It is argued that through applying strategic theory, and specifically the concept of strategic terrorism, it is possible to form a deeper understanding of two of the most dangerous militant organizations in operation today.
Author : Martin Bouchard
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317573250
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)
Download or read book Social Networks, Terrorism and Counter-terrorism written by Martin Bouchard and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-06-05 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines two key themes in terrorism studies, the radicalization process and counter-terrorism policies, through the lens of social networks. The book aims to show that networks should be at the forefront not only when analysing terrorists, but also when assessing the responses to their actions. The volume makes a unique contribution by addressing two relatively new themes for terrorism studies. First it puts social relations and cooperation issues at the forefront – an approach often identified as crucial to future breakthroughs in the field. Second, many contributions tackle the role of the Internet in the process of radicalization and in recruitment more generally, a highly debated topic in the field today. In addition, the book provides a valuable mix of review essays, critical essays, and original empirical studies. This balanced approach is also found in the topics covered by the authors, as well as their academic disciplines, which include sociology, computer science, geography, history, engineering, and criminology as well as political science. Many of the true advances in terrorism studies depend on the successful collaboration of multi-disciplinary teams, each with a different set of methodological and conceptual tools. This volume reflects the newfound diversity in this field and is a true product of its time. This book will be of much interest to students of terrorism studies, social networks, security studies, sociology, criminology and international relations in general.
Author : T. J. Coles
Publisher : CLAIRVIEW BOOKS
ISBN 13 : 190557097X
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (55 download)
Download or read book Manufacturing Terrorism written by T. J. Coles and published by CLAIRVIEW BOOKS. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What if your own government deliberately creates terrorists? What if their short-term aims – deposing regimes that no longer serve Western interests, justifying invasions of sovereign nations, and expanding the security state at home – have long-term consequences for us all? What if most of the horrific bombings, stabbings and vehicle attacks of recent years are connected – indirectly and sometimes directly – to British, French and American intelligence? These and other hard-hitting questions are posed by T. J. Coles in this disturbing survey of secret political manoeuvrings and covert manipulation. Welcome to the world of manufactured terrorism… Backed by a wealth of documentation, including court records, parliamentary inquiries and little-known but official publications, the author exposes the role of the deep state in brutal acts of terror. Exploring Operation Gladio, Northern Irish terror and, predominantly, Islamic jihad, he argues that intelligence agencies, the military and governments employ six key methods to manufacture terrorism: 1/ Blowback: attacking other countries and provoking violent responses. 2/ Proxies: creating terrorists (including al-Qaeda) and using them against enemies. 3/ Provocateurs: provoking individuals from minorities into committing terrorist acts. 4/ Green-lighting: allowing terrorists to commit attacks in order to justify specific policies. 5/ False-flags: committing terrorism and blaming it on designated enemies. 6/ Simulations: holding drills and exercises as covers for apparent terrorist acts. Contrary to claims that terrorism is caused by people who simply ‘hate our way of life’ – and in contrast to the simplistic narrative of conspiracy websites and talk-shows – Coles argues that each case of terrorism needs to be evaluated separately. Manufacturing Terrorism presents a complex picture that distinguishes between cases of blowback, proxies, false-flags, simulations, etc. It offers an indispensable briefing to help readers make sense of our chaotic and dangerous world.
Author : Kristen Boon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0199915903
Total Pages : 617 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)
Download or read book U.S. Approaches to Global Security Challenges written by Kristen Boon and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on the worldwide counter-terrorism effort. Among the documents collected are transcripts of Congressional testimony, reports by such federal government bodies as the Congressional Research Service (CRS) and the Government Accountability Office (GAO), and case law covering issues related to terrorism. Most volumes carry a single theme, and inside each volume the documents appear within topic-based categories. The series also includes a subject index and other indices that guide the user through this complex area of the law. Volume 124, U.S. Approaches to Global Security Challenges, analyzes U.S. strategy toward security threats across the globe and identifies the beginnings of a shift away from a reliance on military power to the application of various types of civilian power which utilize a multinational approach. The documents introduced by Douglas Lovelace include U.S. perspectives on the international security situation generally as well as reports on more specific topics, such as the security situation in Afghanistan, terrorism in East Africa, the evolving role of NATO, and cooperation between the U.S. and other governments (such as the EU and China) in the fight against terrorism.
Author : Denis Dragovic
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137455152
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)
Download or read book Religion and Post-Conflict Statebuilding written by Denis Dragovic and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-04 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws upon theory and theology to consider how religious institutions engage with post-conflict statebuilding and why they would choose to lend their resources to the endeavour. Drawing from the theologies of Roman Catholicism and Sunni Islam, Dragovic explores their possible motivations to engage alongside the international community.
