Solution of Certain Mechanical Problems Involving Ordinary Differential Equations by Means of Electrical Models

Download Solution of Certain Mechanical Problems Involving Ordinary Differential Equations by Means of Electrical Models PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Solution of Certain Mechanical Problems Involving Ordinary Differential Equations by Means of Electrical Models by : Robert C. Geldmacher

Download or read book Solution of Certain Mechanical Problems Involving Ordinary Differential Equations by Means of Electrical Models written by Robert C. Geldmacher and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A First Course in Differential Equations, Modeling, and Simulation

Download A First Course in Differential Equations, Modeling, and Simulation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439850879
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A First Course in Differential Equations, Modeling, and Simulation by : Carlos A. Smith

Download or read book A First Course in Differential Equations, Modeling, and Simulation written by Carlos A. Smith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-05-18 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizing a practical approach for engineers and scientists, A First Course in Differential Equations, Modeling, and Simulation avoids overly theoretical explanations and shows readers how differential equations arise from applying basic physical principles and experimental observations to engineering systems. It also covers classical methods for obtaining the analytical solution of differential equations and Laplace transforms. In addition, the authors discuss how these equations describe mathematical systems and how to use software to solve sets of equations where analytical solutions cannot be obtained. Using simple physics, the book introduces dynamic modeling, the definition of differential equations, two simple methods for obtaining their analytical solution, and a method to follow when modeling. It then presents classical methods for solving differential equations, discusses the engineering importance of the roots of a characteristic equation, and describes the response of first- and second-order differential equations. A study of the Laplace transform method follows with explanations of the transfer function and the power of Laplace transform for obtaining the analytical solution of coupled differential equations. The next several chapters present the modeling of translational and rotational mechanical systems, fluid systems, thermal systems, and electrical systems. The final chapter explores many simulation examples using a typical software package for the solution of the models developed in previous chapters. Providing the necessary tools to apply differential equations in engineering and science, this text helps readers understand differential equations, their meaning, and their analytical and computer solutions. It illustrates how and where differential equations develop, how they describe engineering systems, how to obtain the analytical solution, and how to use software to simulate the systems.

Ordinary Differential Equations with Applications to Mechanics

Download Ordinary Differential Equations with Applications to Mechanics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402054408
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ordinary Differential Equations with Applications to Mechanics by : Mircea Soare

Download or read book Ordinary Differential Equations with Applications to Mechanics written by Mircea Soare and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-04 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary work creates a bridge between the mathematical and the technical disciplines by providing a strong mathematical tool. The present book is a new, English edition of the volume published in 1999. It contains many improvements, as well as new topics, using enlarged and updated references. Only ordinary differential equations and their solutions in an analytical frame were considered, leaving aside their numerical approach.

Modern Differential Equations

Download Modern Differential Equations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Thomson Brooks/Cole
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 724 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modern Differential Equations by : Martha L. Abell

Download or read book Modern Differential Equations written by Martha L. Abell and published by Thomson Brooks/Cole. This book was released on 2001 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Introduction to Differential Equations. Introduction. A Graphical Approach to Solutions: Slope Fields and Direction Fields. Summary. Review Exercises. 2. First Order Equations. Separable Equations. First-Order Linear Equations. Substitution Methods and Special Equations. Exact Equations. Theory of First-Order-Equations. Numerical Methods for First-Order Equations. Summary. Review Exercises. Differential Equations at Work. Modeling the Spread of a Disease. Linear Population Model with Harvesting. Logistic Model with Harvesting. Logistic Model with Predation. 3. Applications of First Order Equations. Population Growth and Decay. Newton's Law of Cooling and Related Problems. Free-Falling Bodies. Summary. Review Exercises. Chapter 3 Differential Equations at Work. Mathematics of Finance. Algae Growth. Dialysis. Antibiotic Production. 4. Higher Order Equations. Second-Order Equations: An Introduction. Solutions of Second-Order Linear Homogeneous Equations with Constant Coefficients. Higher Order Equations: An Introduction. Solutions to Higher Order Linear Homogeneous Equations with Constant Coefficients. Introduction to Solving Nonhomogeneous Equations with Constant Coefficients: Method of Undetermined Coefficients. Nonhomogeneous Equations with Constant Coefficients: Variation of Parameters. Cauchy-Euler Equations. Series Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations. Summary. Review Exercises. Differential Equations at Work. Testing for Diabetes. Modeling the Motion of a Skier. The Schröinger Equation. 5. Applications of Higher Order Equations. Simple Harmonic Motion. Damped Motion. Forced Motion. Other Applications. The Pendulum Problem. Summary. Review Exercises. Differential Equations at Work. Rack-and-Gear Systems. Soft Springs. Hard Springs. Aging Springs. Bodé Plots. 6. Systems of First Order Equations. Introduction. Review of Matrix Algebra and Calculus. Preliminary Definitions and Notation. First-Order Linear Homogeneous Systems with Constant Coefficients. First-Order Linear Nonhomogeneous Systems: Undetermined Coefficients and Variation of Parameters. Phase Portraits. Nonlinear Systems. Numerical Methods. Summary. Review Exercises. Differential Equations at Work. Modeling a Fox Population in Which Rabies is Present. Controlling the Spread of Disease. FitzHugh-Nagumo Model. 7. Applications of First-Order Systems. Mechanical and Electrical Problems with First-Order Linear Systems. Diffusion and Population Problems with First-Order Linear Systems. Nonlinear Systems of Equations. Summary. Review Exercises. Differential Equations at Work. Competing Species. Food Chains. Chemical Reactor. 8. Laplace Transforms. The Laplace Transform: Preliminary Definitions and Notation. Solving Initial-Value Problems with the Laplace Transform. Laplace Transforms of Several Important Functions. The Convolution Theorem. Laplace Transform Methods for Solving Systems. Applications Using Laplace Transforms. Summary. Review Exercises. Differential Equations at Work. The Tautochrone. Vibration Absorbers. Airplane Wing. Free Vibration of a Three-Story Building. Control Systems. 9. Fourier Series. Boundary-Value Problems, Eigenvalue Problems, Sturm-Liouville Problems. Fourier Sine Series and Cosine Series. Fourier Series. Generalized Fourier Series. Summary. Review Exercises. Differential Equations at Work. Free Vibration of a Three-Story Building. Forced Damped Spring-Mass System. Approximations with Fourier Series. 10. Partial Differential Equations. Introduction to Partial Differential Equations and Separation of Variables. The One-Dimensional Heat Equation. The One-Dimensional Wave Equation. Problems in Two Dimensions: Laplace's Equation. Two-Dimensional Problems in a Circular Region. Summary. Review Exercises. Differential Equations at Work. Laplace Transforms. Waves in a Steel Rod. Media Sterilization. Numerical Methods for Solving Partial Differential Equations. Answers to Selected Questions. Index.

Differential Equations with MATLAB

Download Differential Equations with MATLAB PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466557079
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Differential Equations with MATLAB by : Mark McKibben

Download or read book Differential Equations with MATLAB written by Mark McKibben and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-09-08 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique textbook for an undergraduate course on mathematical modeling, Differential Equations with MATLAB: Exploration, Applications, and Theory provides students with an understanding of the practical and theoretical aspects of mathematical models involving ordinary and partial differential equations (ODEs and PDEs). The text presents a unifying picture inherent to the study and analysis of more than 20 distinct models spanning disciplines such as physics, engineering, and finance. The first part of the book presents systems of linear ODEs. The text develops mathematical models from ten disparate fields, including pharmacokinetics, chemistry, classical mechanics, neural networks, physiology, and electrical circuits. Focusing on linear PDEs, the second part covers PDEs that arise in the mathematical modeling of phenomena in ten other areas, including heat conduction, wave propagation, fluid flow through fissured rocks, pattern formation, and financial mathematics. The authors engage students by posing questions of all types throughout, including verifying details, proving conjectures of actual results, analyzing broad strokes that occur within the development of the theory, and applying the theory to specific models. The authors’ accessible style encourages students to actively work through the material and answer these questions. In addition, the extensive use of MATLAB® GUIs allows students to discover patterns and make conjectures.

Applied Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems

Download Applied Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441991603
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applied Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems by : N.V. Hritonenko

Download or read book Applied Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems written by N.V. Hritonenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of the book is the "know-how" of applied mathematical modelling: how to construct specific models and adjust them to a new engineering environment or more precise realistic assumptions; how to analyze models for the purpose of investigating real life phenomena; and how the models can extend our knowledge about a specific engineering process. Two major sources of the book are the stock of classic models and the authors' wide experience in the field. The book provides a theoretical background to guide the development of practical models and their investigation. It considers general modelling techniques, explains basic underlying physical laws and shows how to transform them into a set of mathematical equations. The emphasis is placed on common features of the modelling process in various applications as well as on complications and generalizations of models. The book covers a variety of applications: mechanical, acoustical, physical and electrical, water transportation and contamination processes; bioengineering and population control; production systems and technical equipment renovation. Mathematical tools include partial and ordinary differential equations, difference and integral equations, the calculus of variations, optimal control, bifurcation methods, and related subjects.

Applied Mechanics Reviews

Download Applied Mechanics Reviews PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (26 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applied Mechanics Reviews by :

Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

NBS Special Publication

Download NBS Special Publication PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis NBS Special Publication by :

Download or read book NBS Special Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

National Bureau of Standards Miscellaneous Publication

Download National Bureau of Standards Miscellaneous Publication PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis National Bureau of Standards Miscellaneous Publication by :

Download or read book National Bureau of Standards Miscellaneous Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fundamental Numerical Methods for Electrical Engineering

Download Fundamental Numerical Methods for Electrical Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783540872481
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (724 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fundamental Numerical Methods for Electrical Engineering by : Stanislaw Rosloniec

Download or read book Fundamental Numerical Methods for Electrical Engineering written by Stanislaw Rosloniec and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-02-12 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stormy development of electronic computation techniques (computer systems and software), observed during the last decades, has made possible automation of data processing in many important human activity areas, such as science, technology, economics and labor organization. In a broadly understood technology area, this developmentledtoseparationofspecializedformsofusingcomputersforthedesign and manufacturing processes, that is: – computer-aided design (CAD) – computer-aided manufacture (CAM) In order to show the role of computer in the rst of the two applications m- tioned above, let us consider basic stages of the design process for a standard piece of electronic system, or equipment: – formulation of requirements concerning user properties (characteristics, para- ters) of the designed equipment, – elaboration of the initial, possibly general electric structure, – determination of mathematical model of the system on the basis of the adopted electric structure, – determination of basic responses (frequency- or time-domain) of the system, on the base of previously established mathematical model, – repeated modi cation of the adopted diagram (changing its structure or element values) in case, when it does not satisfy the adopted requirements, – preparation of design and technological documentation, – manufacturing of model (prototype) series, according to the prepared docum- tation, – testing the prototype under the aspect of its electric properties, mechanical du- bility and sensitivity to environment conditions, – modi cation of prototype documentation, if necessary, and handing over the documentation to series production. The most important stages of the process under discussion are illustrated in Fig. I. 1. xi xii Introduction Fig. I.

Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations

Download Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118164520
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations by : Kendall Atkinson

Download or read book Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations written by Kendall Atkinson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-24 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise introduction to numerical methodsand the mathematicalframework neededto understand their performance Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equationspresents a complete and easy-to-follow introduction to classicaltopics in the numerical solution of ordinary differentialequations. The book's approach not only explains the presentedmathematics, but also helps readers understand how these numericalmethods are used to solve real-world problems. Unifying perspectives are provided throughout the text, bringingtogether and categorizing different types of problems in order tohelp readers comprehend the applications of ordinary differentialequations. In addition, the authors' collective academic experienceensures a coherent and accessible discussion of key topics,including: Euler's method Taylor and Runge-Kutta methods General error analysis for multi-step methods Stiff differential equations Differential algebraic equations Two-point boundary value problems Volterra integral equations Each chapter features problem sets that enable readers to testand build their knowledge of the presented methods, and a relatedWeb site features MATLAB® programs that facilitate theexploration of numerical methods in greater depth. Detailedreferences outline additional literature on both analytical andnumerical aspects of ordinary differential equations for furtherexploration of individual topics. Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations isan excellent textbook for courses on the numerical solution ofdifferential equations at the upper-undergraduate and beginninggraduate levels. It also serves as a valuable reference forresearchers in the fields of mathematics and engineering.

Linear Partial Differential and Difference Equations and Simultaneous Systems with Constant or Homogeneous Coefficients

Download Linear Partial Differential and Difference Equations and Simultaneous Systems with Constant or Homogeneous Coefficients PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040010172
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Linear Partial Differential and Difference Equations and Simultaneous Systems with Constant or Homogeneous Coefficients by : Luis Manuel Braga da Costa Campos

Download or read book Linear Partial Differential and Difference Equations and Simultaneous Systems with Constant or Homogeneous Coefficients written by Luis Manuel Braga da Costa Campos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-06-07 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linear Partial Differential and Difference Equations and Simultaneous Systems: With Constant or Homogeneous Coefficients is part of the series "Mathematics and Physics for Science and Technology," which combines rigorous mathematics with general physical principles to model practical engineering systems with a detailed derivation and interpretation of results. Volume V presents the mathematical theory of partial differential equations and methods of solution satisfying initial and boundary conditions, and includes applications to: acoustic, elastic, water, electromagnetic and other waves; the diffusion of heat, mass, and electricity; and their interactions. This is the third book of the volume. The book starts with six different methods of solution of linear partial differential equations (p.d.e.) with constant coefficients. One of the methods, namely characteristic polynomial, is then extended to a further five classes, including linear p.d.e. with homogeneous power coefficients and finite difference equations and simultaneous systems of both (simultaneous partial differential equations [s.p.d.e.] and simultaneous finite difference equations [s.f.d.e.]). The applications include detailed solutions of the most important p.d.e. in physics and engineering, including the Laplace, heat, diffusion, telegraph, bar, and beam equations. The free and forced solutions are considered together with boundary, initial, asymptotic, starting, and other conditions. The book is intended for graduate students and engineers working with mathematical models and can be applied to problems in mechanical, aerospace, electrical, and other branches of engineering dealing with advanced technology, and also in the physical sciences and applied mathematics.

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Download Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1460 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Fractional Differential Equations

Download Fractional Differential Equations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0443154244
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (431 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fractional Differential Equations by : Praveen Agarwal

Download or read book Fractional Differential Equations written by Praveen Agarwal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-04-29 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractional Differential Equations: Theoretical Aspects and Applications presents the latest mathematical and conceptual developments in the field of Fractional Calculus and explores the scope of applications in research science and computational modelling. Fractional derivatives arise as a generalization of integer order derivatives and have a long history: their origin can be found in the work of G. W. Leibniz and L. Euler. Shortly after being introduced, the new theory turned out to be very attractive for many famous mathematicians and scientists, including P. S. Laplace, B. Riemann, J. Liouville, N. H. Abel, and J. B. J. Fourier, due to the numerous possibilities it offered for applications.Fractional Calculus, the field of mathematics dealing with operators of differentiation and integration of arbitrary real or even complex order, extends many of the modelling capabilities of conventional calculus and integer-order differential equations and finds its application in various scientific areas, such as physics, mechanics, engineering, economics, finance, biology, and chemistry, among others. However, many aspects from the theoretical and practical point of view have still to be developed in relation with models based on fractional operators. Efficient analytical and numerical methods have been developed but still need particular attention. Fractional Differential Equations: Theoretical Aspects and Applications delves into these methods and applied computational modelling techniques, including analysis of equations involving fractional derivatives, fractional derivatives and the wave equation, analysis of FDE on groups, direct and inverse problems, functional inequalities, and computational methods for FDEs in physics and engineering. Other modelling techniques and applications explored by the authors include general fractional derivatives involving the special functions in analysis, fractional derivatives with respect to another function in analysis, new fractional operators in real-world applications, fractional order dynamical systems, hidden attractors in complex systems, nonlinear dynamics and chaos in engineering applications, quantum chaos, and self-excited attractors. - Provides the most recent and up-to-date developments in the theory and scientific applications Fractional Differential Equations - Includes transportable computer source codes for readers in MATLAB, with code descriptions as it relates to the mathematical modelling and applications - Provides readers with a comprehensive foundational reference for this key topic in computational modeling, which is a mathematical underpinning for most areas of scientific and engineering research

Integral Methods in Science and Engineering

Download Integral Methods in Science and Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0817682384
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (176 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Integral Methods in Science and Engineering by : Christian Constanda

Download or read book Integral Methods in Science and Engineering written by Christian Constanda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-25 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An enormous array of problems encountered by scientists and engineers are based on the design of mathematical models using many different types of ordinary differential, partial differential, integral, and integro-differential equations. Accordingly, the solutions of these equations are of great interest to practitioners and to science in general. Presenting a wealth of cutting-edge research by a diverse group of experts in the field, Integral Methods in Science and Engineering: Computational and Analytic Aspects gives a vivid picture of both the development of theoretical integral techniques and their use in specific science and engineering problems. This book will be valuable for researchers in applied mathematics, physics, and mechanical and electrical engineering. It will likewise be a useful study guide for graduate students in these disciplines, and for various other professionals who use integration as an essential technique in their work.

Modeling and Simulation of Systems Using MATLAB and Simulink

Download Modeling and Simulation of Systems Using MATLAB and Simulink PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 143980673X
Total Pages : 734 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modeling and Simulation of Systems Using MATLAB and Simulink by : Devendra K. Chaturvedi

Download or read book Modeling and Simulation of Systems Using MATLAB and Simulink written by Devendra K. Chaturvedi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not only do modeling and simulation help provide a better understanding of how real-world systems function, they also enable us to predict system behavior before a system is actually built and analyze systems accurately under varying operating conditions. Modeling and Simulation of Systems Using MATLAB® and Simulink® provides comprehensive, state-of-the-art coverage of all the important aspects of modeling and simulating both physical and conceptual systems. Various real-life examples show how simulation plays a key role in understanding real-world systems. The author also explains how to effectively use MATLAB and Simulink software to successfully apply the modeling and simulation techniques presented. After introducing the underlying philosophy of systems, the book offers step-by-step procedures for modeling different types of systems using modeling techniques, such as the graph-theoretic approach, interpretive structural modeling, and system dynamics modeling. It then explores how simulation evolved from pre-computer days into the current science of today. The text also presents modern soft computing techniques, including artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, and genetic algorithms, for modeling and simulating complex and nonlinear systems. The final chapter addresses discrete systems modeling. Preparing both undergraduate and graduate students for advanced modeling and simulation courses, this text helps them carry out effective simulation studies. In addition, graduate students should be able to comprehend and conduct simulation research after completing this book.

Continuous System Simulation

Download Continuous System Simulation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461525047
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Continuous System Simulation by : D.J. Murray-Smith

Download or read book Continuous System Simulation written by D.J. Murray-Smith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: obtained by simulation more quickly, effec Computer simulation of dynamic systems is a topic which is growing steadily in importance tively and cheaply than by experimentation and testing of the real system. System perfor in the physical sciences, engineering, biology and medicine. The reasons for this trend mance can also be investigated using simula relate not only to the steadily increasing tion for a much wider range of conditions than can be contemplated for the real system power of computers and the rapidly falling costs of hardware, but also to the availability because of operating constraints or safety of appropriate software tools in the form of requirements. Similar factors can apply in simulation languages. Problem-oriented lan other fields, such as biomedical systems guages of this kind assist those who are not engineering. specialists in computational methods to trans System simulation, using digital computers, can relate either to models based on continu late a mathematical description into a simula tion program in a simple and straightforward ous variables or to discrete-event descriptions. fashion. They can also provide useful diag Continuous system simulation techniques are applied to systems described by sets of differ nostic information when difficulties are encountered. Therefore, a simulation lan ential equations and algebraic equations.