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Solidification De Monograins Base Nickel
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Book Synopsis Solidification de monograins base nickel by : Nathalie Siredey-Schwaller
Download or read book Solidification de monograins base nickel written by Nathalie Siredey-Schwaller and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nous avons cherché à caractériser et à comprendre l'origine des défauts de qualité cristalline dans des pièces monogranulaires réalisées en fonderie à cire perdue avec le superalliage base nickel AM1. Les techniques utilisées pour cela sont la métallographie, la microanalyse x, la topographie x et la diffraction gamma. Les pièces étudiées peuvent être divisées en différentes parties, qui correspondent soit à des zones d'extension du grain, soit à des zones de croissance à section constante. L'extension du grain se fait par un mécanisme de multiplication des axes dendritiques qui aboutit à la formation d'alignements d'axes primaires, qui sont également des entités cristallographiques. Par contre, dans les branches à section constante, le réseau dendritique perd progressivement de sa régularité en même temps que l'on observe une dégradation de la qualité cristalline du matériau. Les désorientations des dendrites situées en périphérie du grain initial sont à l'origine de l'apparition de secteurs d'orientations cristallines différentes. La forme de ces secteurs est donnée par les conditions macroscopiques d'échanges thermiques. La géométrie de la pièce détermine la possibilité éventuelle de développement des secteurs formes qui apparaissent alors comme des sous-grains. On propose d'expliquer la dégradation de la qualité cristalline dans les branches à section constante par l'existence de déformations ayant une origine thermomécanique. Il a été montré que la très forte variation du coefficient de dilatation linéaire associée à la précipitation conduit au développement de contraintes non négligeables
Book Synopsis Bachelet: high temp- erature mater by : E. Bachelet
Download or read book Bachelet: high temp- erature mater written by E. Bachelet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1990-10-15 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Themes reflect the work carried out within the framework of COST-501 and of COST-505 the latter being concerned with materials for steam turbines and the first results of the concerted action COST-501/II 'High temperature materials for power engineering' initiated in 1988.
Download or read book Journal de Physique written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 3rd European Conference on Advanced Materials and Processes by : R. Pichoir
Download or read book 3rd European Conference on Advanced Materials and Processes written by R. Pichoir and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Semiconductor Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Cells by : M. Parans Paranthaman
Download or read book Semiconductor Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Cells written by M. Parans Paranthaman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the current status of semiconductor materials for conversion of sunlight to electricity, and highlights advances in both basic science and manufacturing. Photovoltaic (PV) solar electric technology will be a significant contributor to world energy supplies when reliable, efficient PV power products are manufactured in large volumes at low cost. Expert chapters cover the full range of semiconductor materials for solar-to-electricity conversion, from crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon to cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium sulfide selenides, dye sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, and environmentally friendly copper zinc tin sulfide selenides. The latest methods for synthesis and characterization of solar cell materials are described, together with techniques for measuring solar cell efficiency. Semiconductor Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Cells presents the current state of the art as well as key details about future strategies to increase the efficiency and reduce costs, with particular focus on how to reduce the gap between laboratory scale efficiency and commercial module efficiency. This book will aid materials scientists and engineers in identifying research priorities to fulfill energy needs, and will also enable researchers to understand novel semiconductor materials that are emerging in the solar market. This integrated approach also gives science and engineering students a sense of the excitement and relevance of materials science in the development of novel semiconductor materials. · Provides a comprehensive introduction to solar PV cell materials · Reviews current and future status of solar cells with respect to cost and efficiency · Covers the full range of solar cell materials, from silicon and thin films to dye sensitized and organic solar cells · Offers an in-depth account of the semiconductor material strategies and directions for further research · Features detailed tables on the world leaders in efficiency demonstrations · Edited by scientists with experience in both research and industry
Book Synopsis A Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and Related Terms by : United States. Bureau of Mines
Download or read book A Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and Related Terms written by United States. Bureau of Mines and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 1284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes about 55,000 individual mining and mineral industry term entries with about 150,000 definitions under these terms.
Book Synopsis ISTFA 2017 Proceedings from the 43rd International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis by : ASM International
Download or read book ISTFA 2017 Proceedings from the 43rd International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis written by ASM International and published by . This book was released on 2017-12 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theme for the November 2017 conference is Striving for 100% Success Rate. Papers focus on the tools and techniques needed for maximizing the success rate in every aspect of the electronic device failure analysis process.
Book Synopsis Microelectronics Failure Analysis by : EDFAS Desk Reference Committee
Download or read book Microelectronics Failure Analysis written by EDFAS Desk Reference Committee and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2011 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes bibliographical references and index.
Author :Joakim Haraldsson Publisher :Linköping University Electronic Press ISBN 13 :9179298737 Total Pages :131 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (792 download)
Book Synopsis Improved Energy Efficiency in the Aluminium Industry and its Supply Chains by : Joakim Haraldsson
Download or read book Improved Energy Efficiency in the Aluminium Industry and its Supply Chains written by Joakim Haraldsson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2020-04-20 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy is an essential resource in the daily lives of humans. However, the extraction and use of energy has an impact on the environment. The industrial sector accounts for a large share of the global final energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The largest source of industrial GHG emissions is energy use. The production and processing of aluminium is energy- and GHG-intensive, and uses significant amounts of fossil fuels and electricity. At the same time, the global demand for aluminium is predicted to rise significantly by the year 2050. Improved energy efficiency is one of the most important approaches for reducing industrial GHG emissions. Additionally, improved energy efficiency in industry is a competitive advantage for companies due to the cost reductions that energy efficiency improvements yield. The aim of this thesis was to study improved energy efficiency in the individual companies and the entire supply chains of the aluminium industry. This included studying energy efficiency measures, potentials for energy efficiency improvements and energy savings, and which factors inhibit or drive the work to improve energy efficiency. The aim and the research questions were answered by conducting a literature review, focus groups, questionnaires and calculations of effects on primary energy use, GHG emissions, and energy and CO2 costs. This thesis identified several energy efficiency measures that can be implemented by the individual companies in the aluminium industry and the aluminium casting foundries. The individual companies have large potentials for improving their energy efficiency. Energy efficiency measures within the electrolysis process have significant effects on primary energy use, GHG emissions, and energy and CO2 costs. This thesis showed that joint work between the companies in the supply chains of the aluminium industry is needed in order to achieve further energy efficiency improvements compared to the companies only working on their own. The joint work between the companies in the supply chain is needed to avoid sub-optimisation of the total energy use throughout the entire supply chain. Better communication and closer collaboration between all the companies in the supply chain are two of the most important aspects of the joint work to improve energy efficiency. An energy audit for the entire supply chain could be conducted as a first step in the joint work between the companies in the supply chains. Another important aspect is to increase the use of secondary aluminium or remelted material waste rather than primary aluminium. The companies in the Swedish aluminium industry and the aluminium casting foundries have come some way in their work to improve energy efficiency within their own facilities. However, the results in this thesis indicate that cost-effective technology and improved management can, in total, save 126–185 GWh/year in the Swedish aluminium industry and 8–15 GWh/year in the Swedish aluminium casting foundries. This thesis identified several demands regarding economics, product quality and performance, and environment placed on the companies and products in the supply chains that affect energy use and work to improve energy efficiency. These demands can sometimes counteract each other, and some demands are more important to meet than improving energy efficiency. This implies that improving the energy efficiency of the supply chains as well as designing products so they are energy-efficient in their use phase can sometimes be difficult. The results in this thesis indicate that it would be beneficial if the companies reviewed these demands to see whether any of them could be changed. Both the economic aspects and demands from customers and authorities were shown to be important drivers for improved energy efficiency in the supply chains. However, placing demands on energy-efficient production and a company’s improved energy efficiency would require those placing the demands to have deeper knowledge compared to demanding green energy, for example. Requiring a company to implement an energy management system to ensure active work to improve energy efficiency would be easier for the customer than demanding a certain level of energy efficiency in the company’s processes. Additionally, energy audits and demands on conducted energy audits could act as drivers for improved energy efficiency throughout the supply chains. This thesis showed that the most important barriers to improved energy efficiency within the individual companies include different types of risks as well as the cost of production disruption, complex production processes and technology being inappropriate at the site. Similar to the supply chains, important drivers for improved energy efficiency within the individual companies were shown to be economic aspects and demands from customers and authorities. However, the factors that are most important for driving the work to improve energy efficiency within the individual companies include the access to and utilisation of knowledge within the company, corporate culture, a longterm energy strategy, networking within the sector, information from technology suppliers and energy audits. Energi är en viktig resurs i människors dagliga liv, men utvinningen och användningen av energi påverkar miljön. Industrin står för en stor andel av den globala slutliga energianvändningen och de globala utsläppen av växthusgaser. Den största källan till industriella växthusgasutsläpp är energianvändning. Produktionen och bearbetningen av aluminium är energiintensiv och har stora utsläpp av växthusgaser och använder betydande mängder fossila bränslen och elektricitet. Samtidigt beräknas efterfrågan på aluminium öka avsevärt globalt till år 2050. Energieffektivisering är ett av de viktigaste medlen för att minska industriella växthusgasutsläpp. Dessutom är energieffektivisering inom industrin en konkurrensfördel för företagen på grund av de minskade kostnader som energieffektivisering medför. Syftet med den här avhandlingen var att studera hur energianvändningen kan bli effektivare i de enskilda företagen och hela försörjningskedjorna i aluminiumindustrin. Detta inkluderade att studera energieffektiviseringsåtgärder, potentialer för energieffektivisering och energibesparing samt vilka faktorer som hindrar eller driver arbetet med energieffektivisering. Syftet och frågeställningarna besvarades genom litteraturstudier, fokusgrupper, enkäter samt beräkningar av påverkan på primärenergianvändning, växthusgasutsläpp och energi- och koldioxidkostnader. Denna avhandling identifierade flera energieffektiviseringsåtgärder som kan genomföras av de enskilda företagen inom aluminiumindustrin och aluminiumgjuterierna. De enskilda företagen har stora potentialer för effektivare energianvändning. Energieffektiviseringsåtgärder inom elektrolysen har stor påverkan på primärenergianvändning, växthusgasutsläpp samt energi- och koldioxidkostnader. Denna avhandling visade att det gemensamma arbetet mellan företagen i aluminiumindustrins försörjningskedjor är viktigt för att uppnå ytterligare effektiviseringar av energianvändningen jämfört med om de individuella företagen skulle arbeta enbart på egen hand. Det gemensamma arbetet mellan företagen i försörjningskedjan är viktigt för att undvika suboptimering av den totala energianvändningen i hela försörjningskedjan. Bättre kommunikation och närmare samarbete mellan alla företagen i försörjningskedjan är två av de viktigaste aspekterna i det gemensamma arbetet för att uppnå effektivare energianvändning. En energikartläggning av hela försörjningskedjan kan genomföras som ett första steg i det gemensamma arbetet mellan företagen. En annan viktig aspekt är att öka användningen av sekundärt aluminium eller omsmält processkrot snarare än att använda primärt aluminium. Företagen i den svenska aluminiumindustrin och aluminiumgjuterierna har kommit en bit på vägen i deras arbeten mot effektivare energianvändning inom deras egna anläggningar. Dock visade resultaten i denna avhandling att kostnadseffektiv teknik och förbättrad energiledning totalt kan spara 126–185 GWh/år i den svenska aluminiumindustrin och 8–15 GWh/år i de svenska aluminiumgjuterierna. Denna avhandling identifierade flera krav rörande ekonomi, produktkvalitet och -prestanda samt miljö som ställs på företagen och produkterna i försörjningskedjorna och som påverkar energianvändningen och arbetet mot effektivare energianvändning. Dessa krav kan ibland motverka varandra och vissa krav är viktigare att möta än att effektivisera energianvändningen. Detta innebär att det ibland kan vara svårt att energieffektivisera försörjningskedjorna samt att designa energianvändande produkter så att de är energieffektiva i användningsfasen. Resultaten i denna avhandling visar att det skulle vara fördelaktigt om företagen granskar kraven för att se om något av kraven skulle kunna ändras. Både de ekonomiska aspekterna och krav från kunder och myndigheter visade sig vara viktiga drivkrafter för energieffektivisering i försörjningskedjorna. Om krav ställs på energieffektiv produktion och effektivare energianvändning inom ett företag behöver de aktörer som ställer kraven ha djupare kunskaper jämfört med om de till exempel skulle kräva användandet av grön energi. Ett krav på implementeringen av ett energiledningssystem för att säkerställa ett aktivt arbete med energieffektivisering skulle vara lättare för kunden att ställa än att kräva en viss energieffektiviseringsnivå i leverantörens processer. Dessutom kan energikartläggningar och krav på genomförda energikartläggningar fungera som drivkrafter för energieffektivisering i försörjningskedjorna. Denna avhandling visade att de viktigaste hindren mot energieffektivisering inom de enskilda företagen är olika typer av risker samt kostnader för produktionsstörningar, komplexa produktionsprocesser och att tekniken inte är applicerbar inom anläggningen. I likhet med försörjningskedjorna uppkom de ekonomiska aspekterna och krav från kunder och myndigheter som viktiga drivkrafter för energieffektivisering inom de enskilda företagen. Dock är de viktigaste faktorerna för att driva på arbetet med energieffektivisering inom de enskilda företagen tillgången till och utnyttjandet av kunskap inom företaget, företagskulturen, en långsiktig energistrategi, nätverkande inom branschen, information från teknikleverantörer och energikartläggningar.
Book Synopsis Atomic Spectra and Radiative Transitions by : I.I. Sobelman
Download or read book Atomic Spectra and Radiative Transitions written by I.I. Sobelman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My previous book on the theory of atomic spectra was published in Russian about fifteen years ago. Besides the traditional problems usually included in a book on atomic spectroscopy, some other problems arising in various applications of spectroscopic methods were also discussed in the book. These include, for example, continuous spectrum radiation, excitation of atoms, and spectral line broadening. Extensive revisions were made in the English version of the book published by the Pergamon Press in 1972, especially in the chapter devoted to the problem of excitation of atoms. This book is intended as the first part of a two-volume presentation of the theory of atomic spectra, atomic radiative transitions, excitation of atoms, and spectral line broadening. The aim in preparing these new books has been to stress the problems connected with the most interesting applications of atomic spectroscopy to plasma diagnostics, astrophysics, laser physics, and other fields, which have been developed very intensively in recent years. The content of this first volume, devoted to the systematics of atomic spectra and radiative transitions, is similar to that of Chapters 1-6, 8 and 9 of the old book, but considerable revision has been made. Some sections, such as those on the Hartree-Fock method, the Dirac equation, and relativistic corrections, have been deleted. At the same time, more attention is paid to radiative transitions. More extensive tables of oscillator strengths, prob abilities, and effective cross sections of radiative transitions in discrete and continuous spectra are given.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Metals Management by : Arnim von Gleich
Download or read book Sustainable Metals Management written by Arnim von Gleich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-16 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metals have been vital to human civilization for many thousands of years. Their durability and recyclability should make them ideal materials for a sustainable economy. This book assembles experts from many fields to discuss the conditions and limits of sustainable metals management. The contributors examine the theoretical ideas and goals of sustainability, and apply them across the metal making and trading process.
Book Synopsis Theory of Slow Atomic Collisions by : E.E. Nikitin
Download or read book Theory of Slow Atomic Collisions written by E.E. Nikitin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory of atom-molecule collisions is one of the basic fields in chemi cal physics. Its most challenging part - the dynamics of chemical reactions - is as yet unresolved, but is developing very quickly. It is here a great help to have an analysis of those parts of collision theory which are already complete, a good example being the theory of atomic collisions in process es specific to chemical physics. It has long been observed that many notions of this theory can also be applied successfully to reactive and unreactive molecular collisions. More over, atomic collisions often represent a touchstone in testing approaches proposed for the solution of more complicated problems. Research on the theory of slow atomic collisions carried out at the Moscow Institute of Chemical Physics has been based on just these ideas. A general viewpoint concerning the setting up and representation of the theory came out of these studies, and appeared to be useful in studying complicated systems as well. It underlies the representation of the theory of slow atomic colli sions in this book.
Book Synopsis Metal-Induced Crystallization by : Zumin Wang
Download or read book Metal-Induced Crystallization written by Zumin Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-01-28 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystalline semiconductors in the form of thin films are crucial materials for many modern, advanced technologies in fields such as microelectronics, optoelectronics, display technology, and photovoltaic technology. Crystalline semiconductors can be produced at surprisingly low temperatures (as low as 120C) by crystallization of amorphous semicon
Download or read book Smart Membranes written by Liang-Yin Chu and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-04-03 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smart membranes that respond to environmental stimuli are gaining attention because of their potential use in a variety of applications, from drug delivery to water treatment. Their surface characteristics and/or permeation properties, including pressure-driven hydraulic permeability and concentration-driven diffusional permeability, can be adjusted in response to small chemical and/or physical stimuli in the environment. This book will cover topics such as novel design and fabrication strategies, approaches for controlling structure and performance, as well as cutting-edge applications of smart membranes. It will deliver new insights and fundamentals for both professionals and newcomers in related fields. Edited by an internationally renowned expert and with contributions from key researchers, Smart Membranes provides a comprehensive overview of the topic. It will appeal to students and researchers across materials science, chemistry, chemical engineering, pharmaceutical science and biomedical science.
Book Synopsis The Corrosion of Zirconium by : L. E. Colteryahn
Download or read book The Corrosion of Zirconium written by L. E. Colteryahn and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Laser Chemistry by : V. S. Letokhov
Download or read book Nonlinear Laser Chemistry written by V. S. Letokhov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prefaces are usually written when a manuscript is finished. Having finished this book I can clearly see many shortcomings in it. But if I began to eliminate them I would probably write quite a different book in another two years; indeed, this has already happened once. In 1979, when I finished the first version of this book, it was much broader in scope and was to be titled "Laser Photochemistry." Corrections and additions to that unpublished manuscript gave rise to the present book with its revised title and more specific subject matter. I resolved to have it published in exactly this form, despite the fact that it concerns a dynamically developing field of research and will soon make way for other works. This book contains the basic ideas and results I have been developing with my colleagues, friends and students at the Institute of Spectroscopy, USSR Academy of Sciences, in the town of Troitsk since 1970. It deals with the interaction of light with atoms and molecules via multiple-phonon inter action. Nonlinear processes in the resonant interaction are used to illustrate the physical mechanisms involved and to indicate how these processes have led to modern applications such as isotope separation, detection of single atoms and molecules, and chemical and biochemical synthesis.
Book Synopsis Lasers and Chemical Change by : A. Ben-Shaul
Download or read book Lasers and Chemical Change written by A. Ben-Shaul and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lasers and chemical change is the study of radiation and molecules in dis equilibrium. The distinguishing feature of such systems is the extreme de parture from thermal equilibrium: the radiation is usually confined to a narrow frequency range, is well coll imated, and is far brighter than black body radiation; the chemical composition and also the distribution of mole cules over their different energy states are often markedly displaced from that expected at equilibrium. Such systems can be used as a source of laser radiation and, reversedly, lasers can rapidly and selectively displace mole cular systems from equilibrium. The subsequent evolution of the initially prepared state can then be monitored - again using lasers. One purpose of this book is to introduce the concepts required to d- cuss systems of radiation and molecules in disequilibrium. These include the physics of (laser) radiation and of radiation-matter interaction and molecular structure and spectroscopy. Excellent textbooks of these topics are available and our survey (in Chap. 3) is only intended to accent the es sential points, with special reference to atomic and molecular radiation physics. Considerably more attention is given to the topic of disequilibrium in chemical systems (Chap. 2). In particular we consider both inter- and intra molecular dynamics with special reference to energy requirements and energy disposal in chemical reactions and to what goes on in between - intramole cular energy migration.
