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Soil Nutrient Cycling And Water Use In Response To Orchard Floor Management In Stone Fruit Orchards In The Intermountain West
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Book Synopsis Soil Nutrient Cycling and Water Use in Response to Orchard Floor Management in Stone-Fruit Orchards in the Intermountain West by : Catherine Mae Culumber
Download or read book Soil Nutrient Cycling and Water Use in Response to Orchard Floor Management in Stone-Fruit Orchards in the Intermountain West written by Catherine Mae Culumber and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fruit growers in Utah and other areas across the Intermountain West are faced with growing production challenges stemming from declining soil quality and water resources. Population growth presents challenges in terms of the cost and availability of land, but also presents opportunities in the form of new marketing options such as organic fruit. Few certified organic fruit orchards are operating in Utah currently, which is attributed to a lack of locally tested and adapted organic management practices. An organic peach orchard trial evaluated the effectiveness of different organic management approaches to enhance soil quality and conserve water without compromise to fruit tree growth and fertility. Two tree-row treatments: 0́8straw mulch' (Triticum aestivum L.) and 0́8living mulch0́9 (Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.) were tested in combination with two alleyway groundcovers: 0́8grass0́9 (Festuca rubra L. with Lolium perenne L.) and a legume, 0́8Birdsfoot trefoil0́9 (Lotus corniculatus L.). The novel systems were compared with industry standards, tillage and weed fabric tree-rows with grass alleyways. Trefoil alleyway biomass deposited into tree-rows contributed an estimated 6.24 kg biomass and 0.21 kg total N/tree annually. Trefoil treatments had higher levels of organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), inorganic N, microbial biomass and enzyme activities, suggesting trefoil alleyways enhanced soil nutrient cycling, as well as C and N reserves in comparison to grass and tillage treatments. A functional gene array analysis was conducted to describe the mechanisms, microbial functional composition and diversity underlying the observed soil processes, however few differences were detected in soil community structure between soils under different orchard floor management. Significantly lower leaf Îþ15N in trees grown with trefoil compared to grass, and an association between root biomass, diameter and trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) suggests nitrogen sources derived from the trefoil groundcover contributed to improved fruit tree vigor. Few differences resulted among orchard treatments for water use (mm/week). Trends indicated slightly higher water use in trefoil over grass, but not enough to offset observed soil quality and tree growth benefits. These findings suggest, trefoil alleyways may provide ecological benefits such as improved soil quality and efficient nutrient cycling, without substantial increases in water use.
Book Synopsis Orchard Floor Management by : Marc A. Rowley
Download or read book Orchard Floor Management written by Marc A. Rowley and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PUBLIC ABSTRACT: Managing fruit orchards involves both the management of the orchard trees, and the orchard floor. Orchard floor management is vital to tree health, yield and fruit quality. Current standard management practices include maintaining a vegetation free tree row and a grass-covered alleyway. This system effectively controls weeds and creates a favorable environment for the fruit trees. However, limitations to standard orchard floor practices are that the grass alleyway provides no nutrient benefit, and current practices do not readily lend themselves to organic management. Alternative in-row and alleyway systems are requisite to creating improved orchard floor management systems. Three different approaches were used to investigate alternative orchard floor management strategies, including: alternative in-row weed control with combinations of mulch and organic herbicides, alternative alleyway management with legume cover crops, and combinations of in-row and alleyway alternative strategies. The best organic in-row weed control was accomplished with combinations of straw and acetic acid (vinegar). However, this management approach was not economically viable at current costs of labor and supplies, and current fruit prices. The alternative alleyway treatments of alfalfa and alfalfa clover contributed the most above-ground biomass and nitrogen, but consumed 45% more water than the conventional grass alleyway. Among in-row and alleyway alternative combinations, treatments that experienced the most competition from weeds resulted in lower yields. Commercial orchard managers in the Intermountain West need information on optimum orchard floor management for their unique environment. Results from these studies were integrated into a series of grower recommendations that are contained in Chapter 5. Alternative orchard floor management strategies that improve orchard sustainability provide immediate benefits to fruit industry employees and businesses. Long-term benefits will also impact fruit consumers as well as urban and sub-urban neighbors that share the environment.
Book Synopsis The Response of Fruit Trees to Orchard Floor Management by : Michael Lee Parker
Download or read book The Response of Fruit Trees to Orchard Floor Management written by Michael Lee Parker and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Orchard Floor Management Practices to Reduce Erosion and Protect Water Quality by :
Download or read book Orchard Floor Management Practices to Reduce Erosion and Protect Water Quality written by and published by UCANR Publications. This book was released on with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impact of Soil Biology on Nitrogen Cycling and Weed Suppression Under Newly Established Organic Orchard Floor Management Systems by : Lori A. Hoagland
Download or read book Impact of Soil Biology on Nitrogen Cycling and Weed Suppression Under Newly Established Organic Orchard Floor Management Systems written by Lori A. Hoagland and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable methods of weed control and nitrogen fertility are a significant challenge in organic orchard production systems. These studies were conducted to determine whether soil tillage, living cover mulch establishment, or amendment of soil with Brassicaceae seed meal (BSM), clove oil herbicide, or wood chip mulch, could be used to suppress weeds and positively impact soil quality to result in enhanced nitrogen (N) supply and tree health. Orchard floor management treatments were established in a newly planted apple orchard and tree health was assessed based upon increase in tree circumference and leaf nutrient status. Soil cores were periodically collected to evaluate soil quality and N supply using biological and chemical indicator analyses. Compost amendment was enriched with 15N fertilizer to track N partitioning among soil, living cover and wood chip mulch residues, and tree leaf components. In greenhouse experiments, weed emergence, stimulation of Pythium spp. populations and root infection by these oomycetes, were monitored in orchard soils amended with BSM's that varied in glucosinolate content. None of the orchard floor treatments produced an ideal combination of weed control, maximum tree growth, sufficient leaf nutrient content, and improved soil quality. Rather, soil quality improvements tended to be achieved at the expense of tree performance. Living cover mulch and BSM amendment resulted in soil quality improvement, but tree health was negatively impacted. Wood chip mulch and clove oil herbicide did not positively impact soil quality and resulted in lower tree health. Soil tillage negatively impacted soil quality but tree health was greatest in this treatment. Weed suppression by BSM amendment was correlated with soil enrichment and root infection by resident pathogenic Pythium spp and not glucosinolate content or composition. These studies indicate that in the short-term, the standard practice of soil tillage is the most effective way to control weeds and meet tree N needs, but it may not be desirable in the long-term. Brassicaceae seed meal amendment can be used to meet tree N needs and selectively enhance resident pathogenic Pythium spp. for the purpose of weed control, but further research is necessary to determine ideal timing and application rates.
Book Synopsis Alternative Orchard Floor Management Practices, Soil Quality, Nitrogen Fertilizer Uptake, and Apple Tree Growth and Yield by : Sarah Finger McDonald
Download or read book Alternative Orchard Floor Management Practices, Soil Quality, Nitrogen Fertilizer Uptake, and Apple Tree Growth and Yield written by Sarah Finger McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compost increased SOM content at both LB and HR. Compost also had the most consistent effect on other soil properties and soil respiration. Amendment did not affect the % N in the trees, but vetch/barley amendment increased % NDFF at HR and fertilizer uptake efficiency (FUE) at LB. % NDFF and FUE were low in compost amended plots. Trees in compost acquired N from sources other than fertilizer.
Book Synopsis Alley Farming for Improved Water Management and Nutrient Cycling by :
Download or read book Alley Farming for Improved Water Management and Nutrient Cycling written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index by :
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Managing Cover Crops Profitably (3rd Ed. ) by : Andy Clark
Download or read book Managing Cover Crops Profitably (3rd Ed. ) written by Andy Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
Book Synopsis Managing California's Water by : Ellen Hanak
Download or read book Managing California's Water written by Ellen Hanak and published by Public Policy Instit. of CA. This book was released on 2011 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biochar for Environmental Management by : Johannes Lehmann
Download or read book Biochar for Environmental Management written by Johannes Lehmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-16 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process. This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines.
Book Synopsis The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks by : Robert E. Hardenburg
Download or read book The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks written by Robert E. Hardenburg and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Note for the electronic edition: This draft has been assembled from information prepared by authors from around the world. It has been submitted for editing and production by the USDA Agricultural Research Service Information Staff and should be cited as an electronic draft of a forthcoming publication. Because the 1986 edition is out of print, because we have added much new and updated information, and because the time to publication for so massive a project is still many months away, we are making this draft widely available for comment from industry stakeholders, as well as university research, teaching and extension staff.
Download or read book Fire Effects Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Phosphorus in Action by : Else K. Bünemann
Download or read book Phosphorus in Action written by Else K. Bünemann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-08 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource which is essential for life. It is a limiting nutrient in many ecosystems but also a pollutant which can affect biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems and change the ecology of water bodies. This book collects the latest information on biological processes in soil P cycling, which to date have remained much less understood than physico-chemical processes. The methods section presents spectroscopic techniques and the characterization of microbial P forms, as well as the use of tracers, molecular approaches and modeling of soil-plant systems. The section on processes deals with mycorrhizal symbioses, microbial P solubilization, soil macrofauna, phosphatase enzymes and rhizosphere processes. On the system level, P cycling is examined for grasslands, arctic and alpine soils, forest plantations, tropical forests, and dryland regions. Further, P management with respect to animal production and cropping, and the interactions between global change and P cycling, are treated.
Book Synopsis Cultural Landscape Report by : Cathy Gilbert
Download or read book Cultural Landscape Report written by Cathy Gilbert and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Guidelines for Predicting Crop Water Requirements by : J. Doorenbos
Download or read book Guidelines for Predicting Crop Water Requirements written by J. Doorenbos and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calculation of crop evapotranspiration; Selection of crop coeficient; Calculation of field irrigation requirements.
Book Synopsis Soil Organic Matter by : M. M. Kononova
Download or read book Soil Organic Matter written by M. M. Kononova and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Organic Matter: Its Nature, Its Role in Soil Formation and in Soil Fertility focuses on the contributions of soil organic matter in soil formation and fertility, including weathering, decomposition, and synthesis of humus substances. The publication first elaborates on the main stages in the history of soil humus study and ideas on the composition of soil organic matter and nature of humus substances. Discussions focus on organic substances of individual nature, strictly humus substances in soil organic matter, and humus substances as a complex of high molecular- weight compounds. The text then examines the biochemistry of humus formation, including the role of physical, chemical, and biological factors, origin of humus substances, possible participation of lignin in the formation of humus substances, and the role of oxidizing enzymes in the synthesis of humus substances. The manuscript takes a look at the importance of organic matter in soil formation and soil fertility and the natural factors of humus formation. Topics include the role of organic matter in the weathering and decomposition of soil minerals; role of organic matter in the formation of soil structure; effect of organic matter on the growth and development of plants; and influence of chemical and physicochemical soil properties on humus formation. The publication is a dependable source material for readers interested in the influence of soil organic matter in soil formation and fertility.
