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Social Network Formation And Peer Effects Estimation And Policy Implications
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Book Synopsis Social Network Formation and Peer Effects: Estimation and Policy Implications by : Chungsang Lam
Download or read book Social Network Formation and Peer Effects: Estimation and Policy Implications written by Chungsang Lam and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally, I apply the estimates obtained from the peer effect model in policy analysis. Randomizing peers decreases inequality while tracking increases inequality among students. Restricting a certain proportion of students from social interactions improves students' overall academic performance. The optimal proportion is different for different subjects.
Book Synopsis Estimation of Peer Effects in Endogenous Social Networks by : Ida Johnsson
Download or read book Estimation of Peer Effects in Endogenous Social Networks written by Ida Johnsson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We propose a method of estimating the linear-in-means model of peer effects in which the peer group, defined by a social network, is endogenous in the outcome equation for peer effects. Endogeneity is due to unobservable individual characteristics that influence both link formation in the network and the outcome of interest. We propose two estimators of the peer effect equation that control for the endogeneity of the social connections using a control function approach. We leave the functional form of the control function unspecified and treat it as unknown. To estimate the model, we use a sieve semiparametric approach, and we establish asymptotics of the semiparametric estimator.
Book Synopsis 'The Company We Keep by : Yijun Chen
Download or read book 'The Company We Keep written by Yijun Chen and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Online connectivity and other technologies provide academic researchers and practitioners with unprecedented access to data on social interactions between consumers in the process of adoption and consumption of products, services, and ideas. In many cases, the social connections that can be recovered from such data are fundamentally endogenous. This paper addresses the endogeneity in social connections in empirical measurement of peer effects in customer churn. Understanding peer effect in churn decisions is of paramount importance in many industries where products or services are consumed in a socially connected manner, both online and offline, as lost customers hurt revenue streams and are expensive to replenish. Equipped with knowledge of causality, managers can craft effective retention campaigns. To tackle the peer network endogeneity issue, we directly model the process of social network formation based on observed consumer interactions during product use. After accounting for the choice of peers, we model the interdependence of agents' churn decisions and estimate the causal peer effect in churn. Modeling the network formation process first allows us to recover the unobserved individual-specific parameters that might affect both peer network formation and individuals' decisions to churn. The recovered latent individual-specific parameters correct for tie endogeneity in the peer effect model. We use data from the popular massively multiplayer online game World of Warcraft. We find significant evidence of the network formation outcome being largely explained by the latent characteristics of gamers. We also find a strong peer effect in churn decisions after controlling for the network endogeneity. Based on our estimation results, we run counterfactual simulation studies to investigate how churn dynamic in the network is affected by composition of gamers that determines the generated network structure. We provide recommendations to inform a company's policy of inducing formation of guilds that suffer less from peer effect in churn.
Book Synopsis Peer Effects and Social Networks in Education by : Antoni Calvó-Armengol
Download or read book Peer Effects and Social Networks in Education written by Antoni Calvó-Armengol and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis by : John Scott
Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis written by John Scott and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2011-05-25 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This sparkling Handbook offers an unrivalled resource for those engaged in the cutting edge field of social network analysis. Systematically, it introduces readers to the key concepts, substantive topics, central methods and prime debates. Among the specific areas covered are: Network theory Interdisciplinary applications Online networks Corporate networks Lobbying networks Deviant networks Measuring devices Key Methodologies Software applications. The result is a peerless resource for teachers and students which offers a critical survey of the origins, basic issues and major debates. The Handbook provides a one-stop guide that will be used by readers for decades to come.
Download or read book Handbook of Econometrics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Econometrics, Volume 7A, examines recent advances in foundational issues and "hot" topics within econometrics, such as inference for moment inequalities and estimation of high dimensional models. With its world-class editors and contributors, it succeeds in unifying leading studies of economic models, mathematical statistics and economic data. Our flourishing ability to address empirical problems in economics by using economic theory and statistical methods has driven the field of econometrics to unimaginable places. By designing methods of inference from data based on models of human choice behavior and social interactions, econometricians have created new subfields now sufficiently mature to require sophisticated literature summaries. Presents a broader and more comprehensive view of this expanding field than any other handbook Emphasizes the connection between econometrics and economics Highlights current topics for which no good summaries exist
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Network Effects in Online Social Networks by : Christopher Rojas
Download or read book Three Essays on Network Effects in Online Social Networks written by Christopher Rojas and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In my dissertation, I focus on estimating network effects in online social networks, using observational data. In the first chapter of my dissertation, coauthored with David Easley and Eleonora Patacchini, we analyze the effect of peer influence on item adoption decisions on GitHub. The second chapter of my dissertation focuses on gender disparities in contributions and social network formation patterns on GitHub. The third chapter of my dissertation studies peer effects on video-game playing decisions on Steam. In each of the chapters of my dissertation, I deal with social selection by incorporating a machine learning algorithm, popular in online recommendation systems, to predict individual preferences based on previous adoption decisions.
Book Synopsis Economic Analyses of Social Networks by : Matthew O. Jackson
Download or read book Economic Analyses of Social Networks written by Matthew O. Jackson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive two-volume set brings together important contributions providing fundamental economic analyses of social networks and the central roles they play in many facets of our lives. The first volume consists of classic articles that model network formation and games on networks, as well as those on the identification of peer effects from an econometric viewpoint. The second volume provides empirical analyses of network effects on labor, education, development, crime and industrial organization, as well as some laboratory and field experiments. This set of indispensable papers, with an original introduction by the editors, will prove an essential tool to researchers, scholars and practitioners involved in this field.
Book Synopsis Identification of Peer Effects Through Social Networks by :
Download or read book Identification of Peer Effects Through Social Networks written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Identification and Estimation of Heterogeneous Peer Effects on Social Networking Platforms by : Xiaofan Li
Download or read book Identification and Estimation of Heterogeneous Peer Effects on Social Networking Platforms written by Xiaofan Li and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For social networking platforms like Facebook, understanding the peer effects on it can be valuable to many applications, such as designing efficient advertisements with social endorsement. Therefore, we propose a statistical methodology that provides such understanding. These platforms contain heterogeneous users who may form various links based on their own attributes and interests, which leads to the heterogeneity of peer effects. To understand such heterogeneity, we introduce the concept of community, which is a set of individuals who share some common attributes, observed or not, and who are well connected among themselves because they form links that are characterized by these common attributes. Then we propose a model of informational conformity, which suggests that it is reasonable to assume peer effects to be homogeneous within communities but heterogeneous across communities. Then we propose such a model of peer effects and derive sufficient conditions for identification. The community structure is typically not observable, therefore, we propose a network formation model to uncover it and computationally employ an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to solve the model. Since naturally the community structure is not unique, we use a cross validation procedure to find the most efficient one for estimation. We apply this methodology to the same dataset as previous literature to contrast and show when our methodology outperforms. We use simulation to show that in more realistic social networking platform settings, the importance of introducing heterogeneity into peer effects.
Book Synopsis Essays in the Economics and Econometrics of Networks and Peer Effect by : Zheng Wang
Download or read book Essays in the Economics and Econometrics of Networks and Peer Effect written by Zheng Wang and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis contributes to the understanding of peer effects, both methodologically and empirically. The endogeneity of network formation has been a major obstacle to the study of peer influence. The first and the second chapters of the thesis propose a causal identification solution in the potential outcome framework. Combining results from multiple causal inference and statistical network analysis, I show that confounding can be addressed by inferring propensity scores of network link formation from the adjacency matrix. This identification strategy imposes minimum restrictions on the data-generating process and, unlike existing econometric solutions, does not rely on any parametric modelling. As an application, I estimate the effect of high school friendships on bachelor's degree attainment. While previous literature finds that exposure to more high-achieving boys makes girls less likely to obtain a bachelor's degree, I show that if the girls consider the boys as friends, their interactions induce a positive impact instead. Since friendship endogeneity has been addressed, the estimated effect is causal. The third chapter looks at the peer effects generated by group competition. It focuses on the gender differences in preference for competition in a setting where the competition does not involve face-to-face confrontation, and effort is the only determinant of the final ranking. I first develop a model of group competition with heterogeneous preference for ranking. With empirical implications generated from the theoretical model, I then test the gender difference in the preference parameter using web-scraped data from Duolingo, a free online foreign-language learning platform with over 300 million users. Every week, language learners on Duolingo are randomly allocated to groups of 30 people to compete on the number of language lessons completed during that week. The empirical results suggest in this setting, females have a stronger preference for ranking than males.
Book Synopsis Impact of Institutions on Social Network Formation by : Abdul Munasib
Download or read book Impact of Institutions on Social Network Formation written by Abdul Munasib and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the 2003 wave of China General Social Survey (2003CGSS), we study the influence of the communist party on individual's social networks in urban China and, thereby, present a case of socio-political institutions being an important ingredient in social network formation. We present a stylized model of social network accumulation to motivate our estimation equation and contrast it with the previous literature. In our empirical analysis, we adopt a counterfactual framework and estimate the effect of communist party membership on social network investment as an average treatment effect. We find the treatment to be significant.
Book Synopsis Peer Effects and Social Networks in Education and Crime by : Antoni Calvó-Armengol
Download or read book Peer Effects and Social Networks in Education and Crime written by Antoni Calvó-Armengol and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Heterogeneity and Persistence in Returns to Wealth by : Andreas Fagereng
Download or read book Heterogeneity and Persistence in Returns to Wealth written by Andreas Fagereng and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We provide a systematic analysis of the properties of individual returns to wealth using twelve years of population data from Norway’s administrative tax records. We document a number of novel results. First, during our sample period individuals earn markedly different average returns on their financial assets (a standard deviation of 14%) and on their net worth (a standard deviation of 8%). Second, heterogeneity in returns does not arise merely from differences in the allocation of wealth between safe and risky assets: returns are heterogeneous even within asset classes. Third, returns are positively correlated with wealth: moving from the 10th to the 90th percentile of the financial wealth distribution increases the return by 3 percentage points - and by 17 percentage points when the same exercise is performed for the return to net worth. Fourth, wealth returns exhibit substantial persistence over time. We argue that while this persistence partly reflects stable differences in risk exposure and assets scale, it also reflects persistent heterogeneity in sophistication and financial information, as well as entrepreneurial talent. Finally, wealth returns are (mildly) correlated across generations. We discuss the implications of these findings for several strands of the wealth inequality debate.
Book Synopsis Multiple Peer Effects in the Diffusion of Innovations on Social Networks by : Hang Xiong
Download or read book Multiple Peer Effects in the Diffusion of Innovations on Social Networks written by Hang Xiong and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The influence of peer effects on the diffusion of innovations has been extensively studied. However, the underlying mechanisms of peer effects are generally understudied. Gaps in this knowledge could lead to misestimation of peer effects and inefficient interventions. This study examined the role of three types of specific peer effects -- information effect, experience effect, and externality effect -- in the adoption of innovation in rural China. By referring to the diffusion process of a rural innovation, we developed a simulation model that incorporated multiple peer effects on a multiplex network. The model allowed us to estimate the influence of each specific effect and to investigate the interplay of the positive and negative directions of the effects. The main results of simulated experiments were the following: (1) a negative information effect in the system caused the diffusion of innovation to vary around a middle-level rate, which resulted in a fluctuating diffusion curve rather than a commonly found S-shaped one; (2) in the case of full diffusion, experience effect significantly shaped the diffusion process at an earlier stage, while externality effect mattered more at a later stage; and (3) network properties (i.e., connectivity, transitivity, and network distance) provided indirect influence on diffusion through specific peer effects. Overall, our study illustrated the need to understand specific underlying causal mechanisms when studying peer effects. Simulation studies provide an effective approach to generate such understanding.
Book Synopsis Do Your Online Friends Make You Pay? A Randomized Field Experiment on Peer Influence in Online Social Networks - Online E-Companion Appendix by : Ravi Bapna
Download or read book Do Your Online Friends Make You Pay? A Randomized Field Experiment on Peer Influence in Online Social Networks - Online E-Companion Appendix written by Ravi Bapna and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demonstrating compelling causal evidence of the existence and strength of peer to peer influence has become the holy grail of modern research in online social networks. In these networks, it has been consistently demonstrated that user characteristics and behavior tend to cluster both in space and in time. There are multiple well-known rival mechanisms that compete to be the explanation for this observed clustering. These range from peer influence to homophily to other unobservable external stimuli. These multiple mechanisms lead to similar observational data, yet have vastly different policy implications. In this paper, we present a novel randomized experiment that tests the existence of causal peer influence in the general population -- one that did not involve subject recruitment for experimentation -- of a particular large-scale online social network. We utilize a unique social feature to exogenously induce adoption of a paid service amongst a group of randomly selected users, and in the process develop a clean exogenous randomization of treatment and control groups. A variety of nonparametric, semiparametric and parametric approaches, ranging from resampling-based inference to ego-level random effects to logistic regression to survival models, yield close to identical, statistically and economically significant estimates of peer influence in the general population of a freemium social network. Our estimates show that peer influence causes more than a 60% increase in odds of buying the service due to the influence coming from an adopting friend. In addition, we find that users with a smaller number of friends experience stronger relative increase in the adoption likelihood due to influence from their peers as compared to the users with a larger number of friends. Our nonparametric resampling procedure based estimates are helpful in situations of networked data that violate independence assumptions. We establish that peer influence is a powerful force in getting users from free to premium levels, a known challenge in freemium communities.
Book Synopsis Estimating Peer Effects Using Partial Network Data by :
Download or read book Estimating Peer Effects Using Partial Network Data written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the estimation of peer effects through social networks when researchers do not observe the network structure. Instead, we assume that researchers know (have a consistent estimate of) the distribution of the network. We show that this assumption is sufficient for the estimation of peer effects using a linear-in-means model. We present and discuss important examples where our methodology can be applied. In particular, we provide an empirical application to the study of peer effects on students' academic achievement.
