Small Volume Biopsy In Pediatric Tumors

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Small Volume Biopsy in Pediatric Tumors

Author : Jerzy Klijanienko
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319610279
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Small Volume Biopsy in Pediatric Tumors by : Jerzy Klijanienko

Download or read book Small Volume Biopsy in Pediatric Tumors written by Jerzy Klijanienko and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This richly illustrated book will help presurgically diagnose pediatric/young adult tumors. The content is divided into two parts. The first part shows step-by-step how to perform a small volume specimen such as fine needle aspiration/core needle biopsy and how to correlate the morphology with the clinical, radiological, and/or molecular information. In turn, the second part presents a comprehensive overview of the various tumor entities. The content represents diagnostic modalities from the major diagnostic centers worldwide, and is supplemented by the authors` 25 years of experience in diagnosing pediatric tumors. This book will successfully guide practitioners, researchers and oncology pediatricians through the process of sample harvesting and diagnosing. Pediatric tumors represent a large variety of lesions including pseudotumors of inflammatory and non-inflammatory origin, various types of lympadenopathy, benign lesions, specific sarcomas, and blastemal malignancies. These age-specific and histotype-specific tumors of various origin, evolution and prognosis are often characteristic in morphological and molecular levels, making their diagnosis highly specialized.

Pediatric Malignancies: Pathology and Imaging

Author : David M. Parham
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493917293
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis Pediatric Malignancies: Pathology and Imaging by : David M. Parham

Download or read book Pediatric Malignancies: Pathology and Imaging written by David M. Parham and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-19 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric tumors comprise a unique set of diseases that may pose diagnostic challenges to pathologists, oncologists, and pediatricians. Pediatric Tumor Pathology: A Practical Approach serves as a state-of-the-art reference for understanding the fundamental biology and diagnostic aspects of pediatric tumors. This volume stands apart from other books covering pediatric neoplasia by providing an in-depth analysis of the pathogenetic and diagnostic aspects of the most commonly encountered tumors. The volume covers the new advances in our understanding of the molecular processes underlying a number of pediatric tumors and the novel, sophisticated diagnostic tools that have now become an integral part of practice standards. Pediatric Tumor Pathology: A Practical Approach will be of great value for many practicing clinicians and pathologists for characterizing and diagnosing childhood tumors. Oncologists, radiologists, surgeons and pediatricians will also find this book a unique and valuable resource for understanding the biological and diagnostic aspects of pediatric tumor pathology.

Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy of Small Round Blue Cell Tumors in Pediatric Patients

Author : Barbara McGahey Frain
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy of Small Round Blue Cell Tumors in Pediatric Patients by : Barbara McGahey Frain

Download or read book Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy of Small Round Blue Cell Tumors in Pediatric Patients written by Barbara McGahey Frain and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Target Volume Delineation for Pediatric Cancers

Author : Stephanie A. Terezakis
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319691406
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Target Volume Delineation for Pediatric Cancers by : Stephanie A. Terezakis

Download or read book Target Volume Delineation for Pediatric Cancers written by Stephanie A. Terezakis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is designed to provide the radiation oncologist with clear practical guidance in the delineation of tumor volumes and/or radiation fields for a wide variety of pediatric cancers, including the most frequently encountered malignancies of childhood. This is a guide to designing treatment fields and volumes that may be utilized in the delivery of conformal therapies such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy, the latter being particularly relevant in children. Each chapter focuses on a specific tumor type, providing general guidelines that will assist the reader in delineating the clinical target volume for particular presentations, including patterns of spread. As the target volumes can be complex, detailed illustrations are presented of the volumes in representative cases, contoured slice by slice on the planning CT images. In addition to target volume delineation for conformal treatment, field design setup for conventional approaches is also discussed.

Pediatric Oncology

Author : Ka Wah Chan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387244727
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis Pediatric Oncology by : Ka Wah Chan

Download or read book Pediatric Oncology written by Ka Wah Chan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-30 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood cancer was almost always fatal before 1970. Today, 80% of ch- dren diagnosed with cancer will survive at least 5 years; 70% will be cured. However, cancer continues to be the leading cause of nonaccident-related deaths in children. More children die each year from cancer than from c- tic ?brosis, diabetes, asthma, AIDS, and congenital abnormalities combined. Nine children die from cancer every school day. Despite the fact that pediatric cancers account for only a small p- centage of the total cancer burden, more effective therapies are needed to improve mortality rates in children. Therefore, our research priority must be the development of new agents and new therapies for childhood cancer. M. D. Anderson Cancer Center has been caring for children with c- cer since its doors opened over 60 years ago. This institution has been home to several research and clinical pioneers whose innovative work has in?uenced and shaped the practice of pediatric oncology throughout the world. Notably, Drs. Wataru W. Sutow, Donald Pinkel, and Norman Jaffe have been credited with introducing curative therapies for children with leukemia and solid tumors. Cancer treatment involves far more than administering chemoth- apy and surgically excising tumors. It requires a multidisciplinary - proach to patient management, particularly in the treatment of solid - mors, which pose the biggest challenge in cancer care today. Surgery and radiotherapy as well as radiographic and pathologic assessments of response are critical factors in the treatment of children with cancer.

Pediatric Cancer, Volume 4

Author : M.A. Hayat
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400765916
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Pediatric Cancer, Volume 4 by : M.A. Hayat

Download or read book Pediatric Cancer, Volume 4 written by M.A. Hayat and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-29 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This entry in the series Pediatric Cancer offers comprehensive information on a variety of cancers, concentrating on brain tumors, the most common solid tumors and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children. The contents are organized in seven sections: Neuroblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Leukemia, Lymphoma, Rhabdoid, Sarcoma and Miscellaneous Tumors. Coverage includes pediatric medulloblastoma, and treatments including craniospinal radiation followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. The contributors explain diagnosis and chemotherapy of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and diagnosis of bone marrow involvement in pediatric lymphoma patients. Ewing’s sarcoma, a highly malignant connective tissue neoplasm formed by the proliferation of mesenchymal cells, receives extensive coverage, including targeting of molecular pathways and chemotherapy and surgical treatment. The roles of apoptotic genes, MYCN gene, MDM2, and SNP309, P13K inhibitors, alternative splicing and microRNAs, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule and inhibition by alu-like RNA in neuroblastoma are discussed in detail. The book explores the molecular genetics, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of the atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT). Among the most common malignant neoplasms in children, AT/RT exhibits similarities with other CNS tumors, which can lead to misclassification, as pointed out in the book. The contributors discuss diagnosis of AT/RT type using imaging technology, and describe new strategies, including intensive multimodal therapy and high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation that have shown improved outcomes. Coverage of therapies includes total resection followed by aggressive chemotherapy and radiation. Discussion includes diagnosis and treatment of other pediatric tumors including adrenocortical tumors, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, giant midline tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, ependymomas and intramedullary cavernoma. Pediatric Cancer: Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis, Volume 4 includes contributions by ninety-one contributors - oncologists, neurosurgeons, physicians, research scientists and pathologists - representing thirteen countries. The editor, M.A. Hayat, is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at Kean University, Union, New Jersey, USA.

The Surgery of Childhood Tumors

Author : Robert Carachi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662485907
Total Pages : 770 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis The Surgery of Childhood Tumors by : Robert Carachi

Download or read book The Surgery of Childhood Tumors written by Robert Carachi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-28 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the scientific basis of tumors, this book provides up-to-date information on epidemiology, cytogenetics, and molecular biology, before examining current treatments for the full range of pediatric tumors. Integration of surgery, neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation therapy is a dominant theme. In addition, chapters on supportive care, palliative care, and the role of parents’ associations reflect the book's holistic approach. All chapters are written by world-renowned international authorities on pediatric cancer from major children's cancer groups. Excellent full-color pictures and line drawings illustrate all aspects of managing childhood tumors, including details of operative techniques neglected in many other texts. This comprehensive book, expanded and updated to encompass the very latest developments and strategies, provides a contemporary approach for pediatric, general, and urological surgeons dealing with childhood tumors.

Pediatric Tumors

Author : John T. Kemshead
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000098796
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Pediatric Tumors by : John T. Kemshead

Download or read book Pediatric Tumors written by John T. Kemshead and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph explains the considerable impact that monoclonal antibodies and molecular probes have had on the diagnosis of tumor types and sub-types. It explains how radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies have also been used as imaging agents to try to improve the oncologist's ability to define residual tumor deposits after combination chemo/radiotherapy. Finally, the childhood malignancies that still have a poor prognosis are presented, and new novel ways of therapy are explained.

Pediatric Cancer, Volume 2

Author : M.A. Hayat
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940072957X
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Pediatric Cancer, Volume 2 by : M.A. Hayat

Download or read book Pediatric Cancer, Volume 2 written by M.A. Hayat and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-20 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A general introduction to the principles of diagnosis and treatment of children with brain tumors is presented. Molecular characterization of solid tumors is also presented. Molecular pathways provide putative targets for new therapies. High resolution magic spinning NMR spectroscopy is explained, which is used to determine metabolic profiles for small pieces of intact tissue and whole cells in culture. The differences between adult and pediatric brain tumors are outlined. It is emphasized that pediatric low-grade gliomas need lower doses of antidrugs such as cisplatin/etoposide. It is explained that tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes play a crucial role in the development and progression of human malignancies, including those in children. Neurofibromatosis type-1 is a common genetic disorder with a high prevalence in CNS abnormalities including tumors in children; which is discussed in detail. Various neuroradiological imaging modalities in children with leukemia are detailed. Also are detailed results of clinical trials in pediatric brain tumors, such as medulloblastoma, ependymoma, craniopharyngioma, low-grade glioma, high-grade glioma, brainstem glioma, and germ cell tumors, using radiotherapy. Considering the clinical importance of epilepsy in the primary brain tumors in children, its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments (surgery and antiepileptic drugs) are discussed.

Pediatric Cancer, Volume 2

Author : M.A. Hayat
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789400729568
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Pediatric Cancer, Volume 2 by : M.A. Hayat

Download or read book Pediatric Cancer, Volume 2 written by M.A. Hayat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-03-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A general introduction to the principles of diagnosis and treatment of children with brain tumors is presented. Molecular characterization of solid tumors is also presented. Molecular pathways provide putative targets for new therapies. High resolution magic spinning NMR spectroscopy is explained, which is used to determine metabolic profiles for small pieces of intact tissue and whole cells in culture. The differences between adult and pediatric brain tumors are outlined. It is emphasized that pediatric low-grade gliomas need lower doses of antidrugs such as cisplatin/etoposide. It is explained that tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes play a crucial role in the development and progression of human malignancies, including those in children. Neurofibromatosis type-1 is a common genetic disorder with a high prevalence in CNS abnormalities including tumors in children; which is discussed in detail. Various neuroradiological imaging modalities in children with leukemia are detailed. Also are detailed results of clinical trials in pediatric brain tumors, such as medulloblastoma, ependymoma, craniopharyngioma, low-grade glioma, high-grade glioma, brainstem glioma, and germ cell tumors, using radiotherapy. Considering the clinical importance of epilepsy in the primary brain tumors in children, its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments (surgery and antiepileptic drugs) are discussed.

Pediatric Cancer, Volume 3

Author : M.A. Hayat
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789401779975
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (799 download)

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Book Synopsis Pediatric Cancer, Volume 3 by : M.A. Hayat

Download or read book Pediatric Cancer, Volume 3 written by M.A. Hayat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain tumors are the most common solid tumor of childhood as well as the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children. This third volume of the Springer series discussing pediatric cancer focuses on diagnosing, treating, and assessing the future course of malignant brain neoplasms in children. In addition to a general introduction to the principals involved, the material includes vital research in molecular genetics, a major contribution to the molecular characterization of solid tumors, which will define new biomarkers of the disease and identify molecular pathways. Now it has become possible to achieve the goal of targeting new, more effective therapies to minimize the tragedy faced by children. This research features the application of molecular genetics in combating atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT), a highly aggressive embryonal CNS tumor that is among the most common malignant neoplasms in children, with a peak occurrence in infants younger than three years old. Contributors also examine the reasons for the common misdiagnosis of AT/RT tumors as other types of CNS tumors. They help resolve this issue by indicating the details of an abnormality in the genetics of AT/RT, which is unique to AT/RT type. The INII gene on chromosome 22q11 is involved in the AT/RT. The presence of this gene and the SMARCB1 is discussed. In addition to discussing these important topics, the volume includes presentations of present and future therapies. The volume also explains AT/RT’s dissemination to the cerebral fluid, the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of medulloblastoma, and the importance of gamma knife radiosurgery during multimodality management of medulloblastoma/PNET tumors. Other topics discussed include using magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing retinoblastoma, and mapping the effects of radiotherapy in low-grade glioma in children. Information on alterations in cell-cycle regulators that are influenced by tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes is detailed. Contributors provide recommendations concerning non-narcotic analgesic routines for children recovering from cranial and spinal surgery. The practical knowledge of frontier-expanding research presented leads this authoritative volume to be a compelling addition to the literature.

Rare Tumors In Children and Adolescents

Author : Dominik T. Schneider
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642041965
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Rare Tumors In Children and Adolescents by : Dominik T. Schneider

Download or read book Rare Tumors In Children and Adolescents written by Dominik T. Schneider and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to be devoted exclusively to rare tumors in children and adolescents, and its aim is to provide up-to-date information on their diagnosis and clinical management. The opening section addresses general issues including epidemiology, risk factors/etiology, biology and genetics, early detection, and screening. It also discusses solutions to assist in the management of rare tumors, such as international networking and internet platforms. In the second section, specific malignancies are described, with practical guidance on diagnostic workup, multimodal therapy, follow-up, and adverse effects. Discussion of differential diagnosis encompasses both frequent and rare tumor types, which should enable the clinician to take rare entities into account during the diagnostic assessment. Each chapter goes on to provide detailed therapeutic guidelines for specific rare tumors. The authors are a multidisciplinary group of specialists who have dedicated themselves to this group of tumors.

Pediatric Cancer, Volume 4

Author : M.A. Hayat
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789400765900
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (659 download)

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Book Synopsis Pediatric Cancer, Volume 4 by : M.A. Hayat

Download or read book Pediatric Cancer, Volume 4 written by M.A. Hayat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-06-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This entry in the series Pediatric Cancer offers comprehensive information on a variety of cancers, concentrating on brain tumors, the most common solid tumors and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children. The contents are organized in seven sections: Neuroblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Leukemia, Lymphoma, Rhabdoid, Sarcoma and Miscellaneous Tumors. Coverage includes pediatric medulloblastoma, and treatments including craniospinal radiation followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. The contributors explain diagnosis and chemotherapy of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and diagnosis of bone marrow involvement in pediatric lymphoma patients. Ewing’s sarcoma, a highly malignant connective tissue neoplasm formed by the proliferation of mesenchymal cells, receives extensive coverage, including targeting of molecular pathways and chemotherapy and surgical treatment. The roles of apoptotic genes, MYCN gene, MDM2, and SNP309, P13K inhibitors, alternative splicing and microRNAs, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule and inhibition by alu-like RNA in neuroblastoma are discussed in detail. The book explores the molecular genetics, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of the atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT). Among the most common malignant neoplasms in children, AT/RT exhibits similarities with other CNS tumors, which can lead to misclassification, as pointed out in the book. The contributors discuss diagnosis of AT/RT type using imaging technology, and describe new strategies, including intensive multimodal therapy and high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation that have shown improved outcomes. Coverage of therapies includes total resection followed by aggressive chemotherapy and radiation. Discussion includes diagnosis and treatment of other pediatric tumors including adrenocortical tumors, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, giant midline tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, ependymomas and intramedullary cavernoma. Pediatric Cancer: Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis, Volume 4 includes contributions by ninety-one contributors - oncologists, neurosurgeons, physicians, research scientists and pathologists - representing thirteen countries. The editor, M.A. Hayat, is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at Kean University, Union, New Jersey, USA.

Pediatric Radiation Oncology

Author : Thomas E. Merchant
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319435450
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Pediatric Radiation Oncology by : Thomas E. Merchant

Download or read book Pediatric Radiation Oncology written by Thomas E. Merchant and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the most up-to-date and innovative information on the targeting and treatment of a wide range of childhood cancers by means of radiation therapy. Written by global experts in pediatric radiation oncology, it documents in detail the treatment regimens appropriate to each disease, highlighting the recent advances that promise to improve rates of survival and cure. The use of image-guided and intensity-modulated radiation therapy is clearly described, and careful attention is also devoted to the roles of proton therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, stereotactic fractionated radiosurgery, and modulated arc radiotherapy. Separate chapters address localization and verification procedures and anesthesia; pediatric radiation oncology in the palliative care setting; and aspects that are especially relevant in low- and medium-income countries. Beyond clinical radiation oncology, relevant information is provided on radiation physics. The book concludes by examining future directions in the field.

Cancer Incidence and Survival Among Children and Adolescents

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Cancer Incidence and Survival Among Children and Adolescents by :

Download or read book Cancer Incidence and Survival Among Children and Adolescents written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Minimal Residual Disease and Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer

Author : Michail Ignatiadis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642281605
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Minimal Residual Disease and Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer by : Michail Ignatiadis

Download or read book Minimal Residual Disease and Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer written by Michail Ignatiadis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book provides up-to-date information on a series of topical issues relating to the approach to minimal residual disease in breast cancer patients. It first explains how the study of minimal residual disease and circulating and disseminated tumor cells (CTCs/DTCs) can assist in the understanding of breast cancer metastasis. A series of chapters then discuss the various technologies available for the detection and characterization of CTCs and DTCs, pinpointing their merits and limitations. Detailed consideration is given to the relevance of CTCs and DTCs, and their detection, to clinical research and practice. The role of other blood-based biomarkers is also addressed, and the closing chapters debate the challenges facing drug and biomarker co-development and the use of CTCs for companion diagnostic development. This book will be of interest and assistance to all who are engaged in the modern management of breast cancer.

Childhood Cancer and Functional Impacts Across the Care Continuum

Author : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309683494
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (834 download)

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Book Synopsis Childhood Cancer and Functional Impacts Across the Care Continuum by : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine

Download or read book Childhood Cancer and Functional Impacts Across the Care Continuum written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the late 1960s, the survival rate in children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer has steadily improved, with a corresponding decline in the cancer-specific death rate. Although the improvements in survival are encouraging, they have come at the cost of acute, chronic, and late adverse effects precipitated by the toxicities associated with the individual or combined use of different types of treatment (e.g., surgery, radiation, chemotherapy). In some cases, the impairments resulting from cancer and its treatment are severe enough to qualify a child for U.S. Social Security Administration disability benefits. At the request of Social Security Administration, Childhood Cancer and Functional Impacts Across the Care Continuum provides current information and findings and conclusions regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of selected childhood cancers, including different types of malignant solid tumors, and the effect of those cancers on childrenâ (TM)s health and functional capacity, including the relative levels of functional limitation typically associated with the cancers and their treatment. This report also provides a summary of selected treatments currently being studied in clinical trials and identifies any limitations on the availability of these treatments, such as whether treatments are available only in certain geographic areas.