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Site Specific Site Response Analysis And Cascadia Subduction Zone Ground Motions Evaluation For A Site Near Portland
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Book Synopsis Site-Specific Site Response Analysis and Cascadia Subduction Zone Ground Motions Evaluation for a Site Near Portland by :
Download or read book Site-Specific Site Response Analysis and Cascadia Subduction Zone Ground Motions Evaluation for a Site Near Portland written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Site-specific ground motions, site-specific site response analysis, and development of site-specific acceleration ground spectra at the ground surface was developed per ASCE 7-10 for the Kirkland Renaissance Boardwalk, a site in Vancouver, Washington. Synthetic broadband ground motions developed specifically for Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) megathrust earthquake were used for site-response analysis. The results of site-specific site response analyses using the strong motions were compared with the results from the 5 motions considered for the ASCE 7-10 procedure. The effect of motion duration and other ground motion intensity measures on the results of the site-specific site response analysis was investigated. The results of this study highlighted the advantages of performing site-specific site response analysis in reducing uncertainty in design accelerations. This study also indicated the applicability of broadband synthetic CSZ ground motions for the purpose of performing site response analysis.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Site Effects Utilizing Cascadia Subduction Zone Ground Motions by : Arash Khosravifar
Download or read book Evaluation of Site Effects Utilizing Cascadia Subduction Zone Ground Motions written by Arash Khosravifar and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) megathrust earthquake is recognized as one of the major natural hazards affecting the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The estimation of expected ground-motions is complicated by the long-duration motions from CSZ as well as site effects from deep sedimentary basins in northwest Oregon. This study evaluates the combined effects of long duration motions and basin effects on site amplification factors due to propagation of earthquake waves in surficial soils. Nonlinear and equivalent linear one-dimensional site response analyses were performed using broadband synthetic CSZ ground motions from the M9 Project. A web-based tool was developed to synthesize the vast data and geographically visualize the M9 ground motions as well as the subsequently computed response spectra. Five soil profiles representing a range of site classes from Site Class C to Site Class E were considered for the analyses. Ground motions were extracted at three locations inside major basins in Northwest Oregon (Portland basin, Tualatin basin, and North Willamette basin) and three comparable locations outside the basins. The effect of basin on soil amplification factor was characterized by comparing the soil amplifications inside and outside basins for the same soil profiles. The basin amplification factors calculated for CSZ broadband synthetic ground motions at bedrock (Site Class B/C) for selected sites within the three basins in Oregon were found to be noticeably larger than the ratios calculated from empirical correlations that are incorporated in New Generation Ground Motion Attenuation Models (NGA-West2). The soil amplification ratios calculated from the site response analyses were generally within the envelope of code-based site coefficients in ASCE 7, except for very short periods (
Book Synopsis Practices and Procedures for Site-Specific Evaluations of Earthquake Ground Motions by : Neven Matasovic
Download or read book Practices and Procedures for Site-Specific Evaluations of Earthquake Ground Motions written by Neven Matasovic and published by Transportation Research Board National Research. This book was released on 2012 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 428: Practices and Procedures for Site-Specific Evaluations of Earthquake Ground Motions identifies and describes current practice and available methods for evaluating the influence of local ground conditions on earthquake design ground motions on a site-specific basis.
Book Synopsis Ground Motion and Seismic Site Amplification in Central and Eastern North America and Regional Subduction Zones by : Grace Alexandra Parker
Download or read book Ground Motion and Seismic Site Amplification in Central and Eastern North America and Regional Subduction Zones written by Grace Alexandra Parker and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ground motion intensity measures are used to represent various components of earthquake shaking intensity and frequency content in the form of simple parameters; examples include peak ground acceleration, Arias intensity, and pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA). Ground motion models (GMMs) are developed to predict these intensity measures as a function of earthquake source, wave propagation path, and local geotechnical site conditions. GMMs are formulated to capture the underlying physics of source processes, wave propagation, and site response, with individual model parameters set based on various combinations of empirical ground motion data analysis and physics-based ground motion simulations. The majority of GMMs are conditioned for hard rock reference sites, with shear wave velocity (VS) = 3000 m/s, or with a time-averaged shear wave velocity in the upper 30 meters of the crust (VS30) = 760 m/s. Additional site amplification models are necessary in order to estimate GMIMs for other site conditions, including weathered rock and soil sites. As shear waves propagate vertically in the near-surface, the conservation of energy dictates that the wave amplitude must increase as the seismic velocity of the medium decreases. This amplification, or the so-called linear site effect, is usually parameterized using VS30, and sometimes site fundamental frequency or depth to bedrock, if available. This thesis has two parts, according to subject matter. The first part of this thesis, consisting of Chapters 2, 3, and 4, focuses on seismic site characterization and site amplification in central and eastern North America (CENA) in the context of the Next Generation Attenuation-East (NGA-East) project. Chapter 2 presents a hybrid geology-slope approach for VS30 estimation that utilized a new and expanded shear-wave velocity (VS) measurement database for CENA. The proxy is conditioned on geologic category from newly considered large-scale geologic maps, the extent of Wisconsin glaciation, sedimentary basin structure, and 30 arc-sec topographic gradient. Nonglaciated sites were found to have a modest natural log dispersion of VS30 ( ln V= 0.36) relative to glaciated sites ( lnV = 0.66), indicating better predictability of VS30 for the former. These findings were used estimate the mean and standard deviation of VS30 for NGA-East recording stations when measurements were not available. Chapter 3 presents empirical linear site amplification models conditioned on time-averaged shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m (VS30) for CENA, developed using a combination of least-squares, mixed effects, and Bayesian techniques. Site amplification is found to scale with VS30 for intermediate to stiff site conditions (VS30 > 300 m/s) in a weaker manner than for active tectonic regions. For stiff sites (> 800 m/s), I find differences in amplification for previously glaciated and non-glaciated regions, with non-glaciated sites having lower amplification. The models account for predictor uncertainty, which does not affect the median model, but decreases model dispersion. Lastly, Chapter 4 presents recommendations for modeling of ergodic site amplification in CENA, based primarily on results from the literature (including the model in Chapter 3), for application in the U.S. Geological Survey national seismic hazard maps. Previously, the maps have used site factors developed using data and simulations for active tectonic regions; however, results from NGA-East demonstrate different levels of site amplification in CENA. The recommended model has three terms, two of which describe linear site amplification: an empirically constrained VS30-scaling term relative to a 760 m/s reference, and a simulation-based term to adjust site amplification from the 760 m/s to the CENA reference of VS = 3000 m/s. The second part of this thesis, consisting of Chapters 5 and 6, focuses on the development of a global GMM and site amplification model with regional adjustment factors for subduction zone regions as a part of the Next Generation Attenuation-Subduction (NGA-Sub) project. Chapter 5 presents global subduction zone GMMs for interface and intraslab events, with regionalized terms for Alaska, Cascadia, Central America. Mexico, Japan, South America, and Taiwan. The near-source saturation model, magnitude-dependent geometrical spreading, and magnitude-scaling break point are constrained using simulations and fault geometry, and the anelastic attenuation, magnitude scaling, and depth scaling terms are constrained empirically. The model is regionalized in the constant, anelastic attenuation, and depth-scaling terms, and the magnitude break-point. When applying the model to a region not considered in the study, we recommend using an appropriate range of epistemic uncertainty that captures regional variation. Chapter 6 presents a subduction-specific site amplification model, meant to be paired with the reference-rock GMM of Chapter 5. This site amplification model for subduction regions accounts for regional differences in VS30-scaling, and re-calibrates a widely used nonlinear site term for active tectonic regions.
Book Synopsis Seismic Motion, Lithospheric Structures, Earthquake and Volcanic Sources by : Yehuda Ben-Zion
Download or read book Seismic Motion, Lithospheric Structures, Earthquake and Volcanic Sources written by Yehuda Ben-Zion and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geophysicists use seismic signals to image structures in the Earth's interior, to understand the mechanics of earthquake and volcanic sources, and to estimate their associated hazards. Keiiti Aki developed pioneering quantitative methods for extracting useful information from various portions of observed seismograms and applied these methods to many problems in the above fields. This volume honors Aki's contributions with review papers and results from recent applications by his former students and scientific associates pertaining to topics spawned by his work. Discussed subjects include analytical and numerical techniques for calculating dynamic rupture and radiated seismic waves, stochastic models used in engineering seismology, earthquake and volcanic source processes, seismic tomography, properties of lithospheric structures, analysis of scattered waves, and more. The volume will be useful to students and professional geophysicists alike.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of One-dimensional Seismic Site Response Analyses at Small to Large Strain Levels by : Daniel Hutabarat
Download or read book Evaluation of One-dimensional Seismic Site Response Analyses at Small to Large Strain Levels written by Daniel Hutabarat and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One dimensional (1D) site response analysis using total stress approach is a popular framework for evaluating seismic hazard at a site where no significant excess pore water pressure generation is expected. Several site response analysis codes are available, but their variabilities to predict site response at shear stress levels approaching the shear strength of the soil have not been demonstrated. This study evaluates the performance of different soil models employed in each code to predict the nonlinearity behavior of soil over a wide range of strain levels. This research performed a set of 1D site response analyses utilizing input motions, scaled to various intensity levels, against sites that were underlain by cohesive deposits with determined shear wave velocity profiles. The analyses utilized several available nonlinear soil models while the model-to-model variability was characterized. These codes were then validated against free-field downhole data from a vertical array at a relatively well characterized site. The evaluations of the variabilities of ground motion amplitude, duration, response spectra and cyclic hysteresis loop at various strain levels were performed by comparing all predictions to data from a vertical array. The results showed that all codes give consistent predictions with reasonable accuracy at small to moderate shear strain levels. At larger shear strain levels, only some of current nonlinear soil models were capable of predicting reasonable cyclic behavior in terms of being able to approach the peak shear strength with reasonable damping behavior. The analyses show that the variability of predicted peak shear strain parameters are higher than peak acceleration and shear stress parameters. It also shows that the coefficient of variation of the ground motion parameters predicted by all codes tended to increase at greater shear strain levels.
Book Synopsis An Improved Description of the Seismic Response of Sites with High Plasticity Soils, Organic Clays, and Deep Soft Soil Deposits by : Brian Carlton
Download or read book An Improved Description of the Seismic Response of Sites with High Plasticity Soils, Organic Clays, and Deep Soft Soil Deposits written by Brian Carlton and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 845 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Near surface soils can greatly influence the amplitude, duration, and frequency content of ground motions. The amount of their influence depends on many factors, such as the geometry and engineering properties of the soils and underlying bedrock, as well as the earthquake source mechanism and travel path. Building codes such as the 2012 International Building Code (IBC) define six site categories for seismic design of structures, which are based on the sites defined by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). Site categories A, B, C, D, and E are defined by the time averaged shear wave velocity over the top 30 meters of the soil deposit. Site category F is defined as sites that include liquefiable or sensitive soils, as well as sites with more than 3 meters (10 ft) of peat or highly organic clays, more than 7.5 meters (25 ft) of soil with PI> 75, and more than 37 meters (120 ft) of soft to medium stiff clays. The IBC specifies simplified procedures to calculate design spectra for NEHRP sites A through E, and requires a site specific investigation for NEHRP F sites. However, established procedures for performing the required site specific investigations for NEHRP F sites are limited. The objective of this research is to develop a simplified procedure to estimate design spectra for non-liquefiable NEHRP F sites, specifically sites with organic soils, highly plastic soils, and deep soft soil deposits. The results from this research will directly affect US practice by developing much needed guidelines in this area. There is little empirical data on the seismic response of non-liquefiable NEHRP F sites. As a result, this study focused on generating data from site response analyses. To capture the variability of ground motions, this study selected five base case scenarios according to tectonic environments and representative cases encountered in common US practice. Suites of ground motions for each scenario were created by collecting ground motions from online databases. Some of the ground motions were scaled and others were spectrally matched to their respective target response spectra. Fifteen different NEHRP E and F sites were created for the site response analyses. Seven of the sites are based on actual sites from the San Francisco Bay Area, New York City, Ottawa, Canada, Guayaquil, Ecuador, and Hokkaido, Japan. The other eight sites are variations of the seven base case sites. This study conducted a total of 14,541 site response analyses using a well documented site response analysis program. This study then developed a simplified model to estimate response spectra for non-liquefiable NEHRP F sites. The simplified model was developed in two stages. In the first stage, the results for each site were regressed separately against the ground motion intensity to estimate the effect of the ground motion scenario. In the second stage, the site specific coefficients calculated from the first stage were regressed against site properties to determine their site dependence. These two parts were then combined to form the final model. The simplified model was validated against a separate database than the one used to develop it. This validation database consisted of 24 effective stress nonlinear site response analyses for three sites and eight ground motion scenarios. The simplified model developed in this study does not replace a site response analysis, but rather augments it. It is hoped that the results of this dissertation will help practicing engineers gain a better understanding of their site before conducting site response analyses.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Performance Based Design in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (Beijing 2022) by : Lanmin Wang
Download or read book Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Performance Based Design in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (Beijing 2022) written by Lanmin Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-19 with total page 2417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 4th International Conference on Performance-based Design in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (PBD-IV) is held in Beijing, China. The PBD-IV Conference is organized under the auspices of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering - Technical Committee TC203 on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering and Associated Problems (ISSMGE-TC203). The PBD-I, PBD-II, and PBD-III events in Japan (2009), Italy (2012), and Canada (2017) respectively, were highly successful events for the international earthquake geotechnical engineering community. The PBD events have been excellent companions to the International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (ICEGE) series that TC203 has held in Japan (1995), Portugal (1999), USA (2004), Greece (2007), Chile (2011), New Zealand (2015), and Italy (2019). The goal of PBD-IV is to provide an open forum for delegates to interact with their international colleagues and advance performance-based design research and practices for earthquake geotechnical engineering.
Book Synopsis Impact of Input Ground Motions and Site Variability on Seismic Site Response by : Albert Richard Kottke
Download or read book Impact of Input Ground Motions and Site Variability on Seismic Site Response written by Albert Richard Kottke and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic site response analysis allows an engineer to assess the effect of local soil conditions on the ground motions expected during an earthquake. In seismic site response analysis, an input ground motion on rock is propagated through a site specific soil column. The computed response at the surface is dependent on both the input ground motion and the soil properties that characterize the site. However, there is uncertainty in both the input ground motion and the soil properties, as well as natural variability in the soil properties across a site. To account for the uncertainty in the input ground motions, engineers use a suite of motions that are selected and scaled to fit a scenario input motion. This study introduces a semi-automated method to select and scale the input motions to fit a target input motion and its variability. The proposed method is intended to replace tedious trials of combinations by hand with combinations performed by a computer. However, as in the traditional selection methods, the final selection of the combination is done by the engineer.The effect of the selected ground motion combination on the computed surface response spectrum from the site response analysis, and its variability, was investigated in this study. The results show by using a combination with as few as five motions, the median surface response spectrum can be predicted with an error of 10%. Additionally, the manner used to scale the input motions does not impact the accuracy of the median surface response spectrum, as long as the median response spectrum of the input combination agrees with the target input response spectrum. However, if the standard deviation of the surface response spectrum is to be considered (e.g., to develop median plus one standard deviation spectra), a input combination of at least 20 motions is recommended and the combination must be scaled such that the standard deviation of the input combination matches the standard deviation of the input target spectrum. Monte Carlo simulations were used to assess the impact of soil property variability on surface spectra computed by seismic site response. The results from this study indicate that by accounting for the variability of the shear-wave velocity profile of a site can cause a significant decrease in the median surface response spectrum, as well as a slight increase in the standard deviation of the surface response spectrum at periods less than the site period. By considering the variability of the nonlinear properties (shear modulus reduction and damping ratio) the median response spectrum decreased only slightly, but the standard deviation increased in a manner similar to the increase observed when considering the variability of the shear-wave velocity profile. Simultaneously considering the variability of the shear-wave velocity profile and nonlinear properties resulted in a median surface response spectrumsimilar to the median surface response spectrumcomputed with considering the variability of the shear-wave velocity alone. However, the standard deviation of the surface response spectrum was larger than the standard deviation computed by independent consideration of the variability of the shear-wave velocity or nonlinear properties.
Book Synopsis Comparison of Seismic Site Response Analysis and Downhole Array Recordings for Stiff Soil Sites by : Jeremy Stuart Faker
Download or read book Comparison of Seismic Site Response Analysis and Downhole Array Recordings for Stiff Soil Sites written by Jeremy Stuart Faker and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurately predicting surface ground motions is critical for many earthquake engineering applications. Equivalent-linear (EQL) site response analysis is a numerical technique used to compute surface ground motions from input motions at bedrock using the site-specific dynamic soil properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of EQL site response analysis for stiff soil sites by comparing computed and observed transfer functions and response spectral amplification. The Kiban Kyoshin network (KiK-net) in Japan is a seismograph network consisting of downhole array sites with strong-motion accelerometers located at the ground surface and at depth. Recorded motions and shear wave velocity profiles are available for most sites. Observed transfer functions and response spectral amplification were computed for 930 individual seismic recordings at 11 stiff soil KiK-net sites. Computed transfer functions and response spectral amplification were calculated from EQL site response analysis by specifying the KiK-net base sensor motion as the input motion. Sites were characterized using the measured shear wave velocity profiles and nonlinear soil properties estimated from empirical models. Computed and observed transfer functions and response spectral amplification were compared at different levels of strain for each site. The average difference between the observed and computed response spectral amplification across the 11 sites were compared at different levels of strain. Overall, there is reasonable agreement between the computed and observed transfer functions and response spectral amplification. There is agreement between the computed and observed site periods, but with over-prediction of the computed response at the observed site periods. Higher modes often computed by the theoretical model were not always observed by the recordings. There is very good agreement between the computed and observed transfer functions and response spectral amplification for periods larger than the site periods. There is less agreement between the computed and observed transfer functions and response spectral amplification for periods less than the site periods. There is mostly over-prediction of the response spectral amplification at these periods, although some under-prediction also occurred. Across all 11 sites the predicted spectral amplification is within +/-20% at shear strains less than 0.01%. At shear strains between approximately 0.01 and 0.03%, the spectral amplification is over-predicted for these sites, in some instances by as little as 5% and in other instances by a factor of 2 or more.
Book Synopsis Assessing Earthquake Hazards and Reducing Risk in the Pacific Northwest by : Albert M. Rogers
Download or read book Assessing Earthquake Hazards and Reducing Risk in the Pacific Northwest written by Albert M. Rogers and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation of the earthquake potential in the Pacific Northwest and examination of the measures necessary to reduce seismic hazards.
Book Synopsis U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report by :
Download or read book U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatial Analysis of Benefits of Site-specific Ground Motion Response Analysis by :
Download or read book Spatial Analysis of Benefits of Site-specific Ground Motion Response Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Site-specific Earthquake Response Analysis for Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Paducah, Kentucky. Final Report by :
Download or read book Site-specific Earthquake Response Analysis for Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Paducah, Kentucky. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP), owned by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and operated under contract by Martin Marietta Energy systems, Inc., is located southwest of Paducah, Kentucky. An aerial photograph and an oblique sketch of the plant are shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively. The fenced portion of the plant consists of 748 acres. This plant was constructed in the 1950s̀ and is one of only two gaseous diffusion plants in operation in the United States; the other is located near Portsmouth, Ohio. The facilities at PGDP are currently being evaluated for safety in response to natural seismic hazards. Design and evaluation guidelines to evaluate the effects of earthquakes and other natural hazards on DOE facilities follow probabilistic hazard models that have been outlined by Kennedy et al. (1990). Criteria also established by Kennedy et al. (1990) classify diffusion plants as m̀̀oderate hazard ̀̀facilities. The US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) was tasked to calculate the site response using site-specific design earthquake records developed by others and the results of previous geotechnical investigations. In all, six earthquake records at three hazard levels and four individual and one average soil columns were used.
Book Synopsis Publications of the Geological Survey by : Geological Survey (U.S.).
Download or read book Publications of the Geological Survey written by Geological Survey (U.S.). and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper by :
Download or read book U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, Summaries of Technical Reports Volume XXXV by :
Download or read book National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, Summaries of Technical Reports Volume XXXV written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
