Simulation of the Long-term Behavior of Precast/prestressed Concrete Bridges

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (671 download)

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Book Synopsis Simulation of the Long-term Behavior of Precast/prestressed Concrete Bridges by :

Download or read book Simulation of the Long-term Behavior of Precast/prestressed Concrete Bridges written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precast/prestressed 'continuous for live load' bridges are used extensively in the United States. The design and analysis of this type of bridge is still based on research conducted during the period 1960-1961. Various studies have been conducted since but, except for minor modifications, the fundamental analysis methods have remained the same. Recent developments in analysis methods and material behavioral research, coupled with long-term experimental and field observations, have raised questions as to the validity of accepted analysis methodology for these bridges. Recent research has determined that the long-term behavior of 'continuous for live load' bridges is not predicted accurately by industry-accepted methods of analysis. Specifically, these analytical models predict an alteration in the distribution of moment in the structure, caused by shrinkage of concrete, which is not confirmed by experimental data. The greatest challenge in modeling 'continuous for live load' is determining a technique for simulating the complex creep and shrinkage behavior of prestressed concrete and the shrinkage and cracking behavior of reinforced concrete. A logical first step would be to model a simple span structure and be sure that the creep, shrinkage and cracking behaviors can be accurately modeled. When this is confirmed, these modeling techniques will be available for use in remodeling 'continuous for live load' bridges. This study attempts to simulate creep due to prestress and dead load in the girders, differential shrinkage between the deck and girder and cracking in the deck of a single span bridge. Finite element analysis was determined to be the most appropriate analytical tool and Abaqus 6.5-1 was seen to have the best combination of tools and user-friendliness. A detailed study of Abaqus documentation and various parametric analyses, determined those facilities tools that could be used to effectively model a prestressed bridge and its long-term characteristics. The results of the simulation concurred with available long-term observations. Evaluation of the simulated history of the structure indicated that cracking of the deck was a possible cause for the discrepancy between field observations and accepted analytical models.

Simulation of the Effect of Deck Cracking Due to Creep and Shrinkage in Single Span Precast/prestressed Concrete Bridges

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Simulation of the Effect of Deck Cracking Due to Creep and Shrinkage in Single Span Precast/prestressed Concrete Bridges by : Sudarshan Chakradhari Kasera

Download or read book Simulation of the Effect of Deck Cracking Due to Creep and Shrinkage in Single Span Precast/prestressed Concrete Bridges written by Sudarshan Chakradhari Kasera and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of precast/prestressed concrete as a structural building system became prominent in the 1950s especially for bridges. The design of the bridge structures was done as simply supported then. In 1969, an analysis and design method for "continuous for live load" bridges was developed. Extensive research has been conducted since then to study the behavior of "continuous for live load" precast/prestresed bridges and various modifications have been proposed. The current analysis method fails to predict the behavior of the continuous precast/prestressed bridge accurately because of the complex loads such as creep and shrinkage. The experimental procedure to determine the behavior of structures due to creep and shrinkage needs time and lot of resources. The motivation behind the current research is to provide a concept where finite element method can be employed to study the behavior of such structures. This research focuses on studying the behavior of single-span precast prestressed bridge due to long-term loading such as creep and shrinkage. The general purpose finite element program, ABAQUS 6.11-2 is used for analysis in the current project. The concept developed from the current research can be applied to multi-span bridge continuous structure in the future. The effect of creep and shrinkage on the overall system is studied. The results obtained from the analyses conform to the observed behavior in the field. It can be said that the analyses procedure for "continuous for live load" bridges needs to account for the cracking of the deck slab to predict an accurate behavior of the structure.

Flocculation Treatment Best Management Practices for Construction Water Discharges

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Flocculation Treatment Best Management Practices for Construction Water Discharges by : Catherine E. French

Download or read book Flocculation Treatment Best Management Practices for Construction Water Discharges written by Catherine E. French and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The time-dependent and temperature-dependent behavior of post-tensioned concrete bridges were investigated through a case study of the St. Anthony Falls Bridge, consisting of laboratory testing of concrete time-dependent behaviors (i.e., creep and shrinkage), examination of data from the in situ instrumented bridge, and time-dependent finite element models. Laboratory results for creep and shrinkage were measured for 3.5 years after casting, and the data were best predicted by the 1978 CEB/FIP Model Code provisions. To compare the in situ readings to constant-temperature finite element models, the time-dependent behavior was extracted from the measurements using linear regression. The creep and shrinkage rates of the in situ bridge were found to depend on temperature. An adjusted age using the Arrhenius equation was used to account for the interactions between temperature and time-dependent behavior in the measured data. Results from the time-dependent finite element models incorporating the full construction sequence revealed that the 1990 CEB/FIP Model Code and ACI-209 models best predicted the in situ behavior. Finite element analysis also revealed that problems associated with excessive deflections or development of tension over the lifetime of the bridge would be unlikely. The interactions between temperature and time-dependent behavior were further investigated using a simplified finite element model, which indicated that vertical deflections and stresses can be affected by the cyclic application of thermal gradients. The findings from this study were used to develop an anomaly detection routine for the linear potentiometer data, which was successfully used to identify short-term and long-term artificial anomalies in the data.

Long-Term Behavior and Modeling of Prestressed Mechanically-Fastened Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Retrofit for Prestressed Concrete Bridge Elements

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Long-Term Behavior and Modeling of Prestressed Mechanically-Fastened Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Retrofit for Prestressed Concrete Bridge Elements by : Zakariya Bourara

Download or read book Long-Term Behavior and Modeling of Prestressed Mechanically-Fastened Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Retrofit for Prestressed Concrete Bridge Elements written by Zakariya Bourara and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

FULL-RANGE BEHAVIOUR OF PRESTR

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Publisher : Open Dissertation Press
ISBN 13 : 9781361043172
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis FULL-RANGE BEHAVIOUR OF PRESTR by : Xiachun Chen

Download or read book FULL-RANGE BEHAVIOUR OF PRESTR written by Xiachun Chen and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Full-range Behaviour of Prestressed Concrete Bridges With Corrugated Steel Webs" by Xiachun, Chen, 陳夏春, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Bridge engineers and researchers have been looking for efficient structural forms under the performance-based concept to satisfy various attributes, including serviceability, safety, economy, constructability, durability, etc. Prestressed concrete bridges with corrugated steel webs have emerged as one of the promising bridge forms due to their remarkable advantages such as efficient prestressing of concrete, high buckling strength of steel webs and lightness. In 1986, the first bridge of this type, Cognac Bridge, was built in France. Its successful application and significant advantages over conventional prestressed concrete bridges have prompted researchers and construction companies in various countries to get involved in this new form of composite structure. However, the full-range behaviour of the bridges covering both the service and failure stages is rather complicated, and has not been systematically studied. In view of the different behaviour of components and the large shear deformation of corrugated steel webs with negligible axial stiffness, the assumption that plane sections remain plane is no longer valid and therefore the classical Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam models may not be applicable. To study the structural behaviour of prestressed concrete bridges with corrugated steel webs, numerical and experimental investigations were carried out. A sandwich beam theory was developed to investigate both the static and dynamic behaviour numerically. In addition, a modified Timoshenko beam model was developed for linearly elastic analysis of static service behaviour, which provides a convenient alternative for design purpose. In the development of numerical models, special emphasis was placed on the modelling of corrugated steel webs, external prestressing tendons, diaphragms, and interaction between web shear deformation and local flange bending. The numerical models were verified by tests. Using the numerical models proposed, the static service behaviour, dynamic properties and long-term behaviour were studied. Some parametric studies were carried out to further explore their structural behaviour. The sectional ductility, deformability and strength were evaluated by nonlinear analysis taking into account the actual stress-strain curves and path-dependence of materials. The numerical results obtained were compared with experimental results for verification. A parametric study was then undertaken to clarify the effects of various parameters. In the design of this type of bridges, both the ultimate load and ductility should be examined, which requires the estimation of full-range structural behaviour. The sandwich beam model was extended for analysis of the full-range behaviour considering geometric and material nonlinearities. With a nonlinear kinematical theory, complete description of the nonlinear interaction between the external tendons and the bridge was obtained. The numerical model proposed was also verified by experiments. The failure mechanisms were studied experimentally and numerically for more accurate evaluation of safety-related attributes such as ultimate load, ductility and deformability. The formation of plastic hinge and its size were also studied thoroughly in view of their importance in the prediction of full-range behaviour. A simplified method to predict the full-range behaviour was also proposed based on the concept o

Construction and Long-term Behavior of 1/8-th Scale Prestressed Concrete Bridge Components

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Construction and Long-term Behavior of 1/8-th Scale Prestressed Concrete Bridge Components by : T. C. Anderson

Download or read book Construction and Long-term Behavior of 1/8-th Scale Prestressed Concrete Bridge Components written by T. C. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Techniques for Measuring Existing Long-term Stresses in Prestressed Concrete Bridges

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis Techniques for Measuring Existing Long-term Stresses in Prestressed Concrete Bridges by :

Download or read book Techniques for Measuring Existing Long-term Stresses in Prestressed Concrete Bridges written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various stress measurement techniques were evaluated in this study. The evaluation included a state-of-the-art review of existing techniques and analytical studies of these techniques. Based on analytical results, the flat-jack direct stress measurement technique was evaluated in laboratory and field tests. Based on these tests, a manual of instruction was written to describe the equipment and procedures required to obtain reliable direct stress measurement. This is the Executive Summary which summarizes the findings of this research project.

Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461559693
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences by : Wade H. Shafer

Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS)* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dis semination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this jOint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 40 (thesis year 1995) a total of 10,746 thesis titles from 19 Canadian and 144 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this impor tant annual reference work. While Volume 40 reports theses submitted in 1995, on occasion, certain uni versities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.

Life-Cycle Civil Engineering: Innovation, Theory and Practice

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000342085
Total Pages : 2619 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Life-Cycle Civil Engineering: Innovation, Theory and Practice by : Airong Chen

Download or read book Life-Cycle Civil Engineering: Innovation, Theory and Practice written by Airong Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-02-26 with total page 2619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life-Cycle Civil Engineering: Innovation, Theory and Practice contains the lectures and papers presented at IALCCE2020, the Seventh International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering, held in Shanghai, China, October 27-30, 2020. It consists of a book of extended abstracts and a USB card containing the full papers of 230 contributions, including the Fazlur R. Khan lecture, eight keynote lectures, and 221 technical papers from all over the world. All major aspects of life-cycle engineering are addressed, with special emphasis on life-cycle design, assessment, maintenance and management of structures and infrastructure systems under various deterioration mechanisms due to various environmental hazards. It is expected that the proceedings of IALCCE2020 will serve as a valuable reference to anyone interested in life-cycle of civil infrastructure systems, including students, researchers, engineers and practitioners from all areas of engineering and industry.

Applied mechanics reviews

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Applied mechanics reviews by :

Download or read book Applied mechanics reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1176 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers by : American Society of Civil Engineers

Download or read book Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers written by American Society of Civil Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. 29-30 contain papers of the International Engineering Congress, Chicago, 1893; v. 54, pts. A-F, papers of the International Engineering Congress, St. Louis, 1904.

Proceedings fib Symposium in New Delhi India Abstracts

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Publisher : FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings fib Symposium in New Delhi India Abstracts by : FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete

Download or read book Proceedings fib Symposium in New Delhi India Abstracts written by FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete and published by FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton. This book was released on 2004-11-01 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Analytical and Experimental Studies on the Static and Fatigue Behavior of Precast Prestressed Concrete Multi-box Beam Bridge System

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (232 download)

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Book Synopsis Analytical and Experimental Studies on the Static and Fatigue Behavior of Precast Prestressed Concrete Multi-box Beam Bridge System by : Ramkumar Kozhikote

Download or read book Analytical and Experimental Studies on the Static and Fatigue Behavior of Precast Prestressed Concrete Multi-box Beam Bridge System written by Ramkumar Kozhikote and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Field Test and Analysis of Two Prestressed Concrete Bridges After Deck Replacement with Frp Panels

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (181 download)

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Book Synopsis Field Test and Analysis of Two Prestressed Concrete Bridges After Deck Replacement with Frp Panels by : Madhan Kumar Kantha Samy

Download or read book Field Test and Analysis of Two Prestressed Concrete Bridges After Deck Replacement with Frp Panels written by Madhan Kumar Kantha Samy and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridges B-0071 and B-0171 in Hamilton County, Ohio have been in service for about fifty years. They are short span bridges with prestressed concrete girders. Until late 2001, they had conventional reinforced concrete decks, which have been replaced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) decks. Two girders in bridge B-0171 were replaced with new prestressed girders. These bridges are significant as there are few instances of FRP decks on concrete girders. The Hamilton County Engineers Office contracted with the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Cincinnati to perform load testing on the bridges. Information gained from this research will seek to confirm the safety of the new technology, evaluate construction and design techniques with reference to the FRP deck, and determine overall performance of the bridge to provide understanding of the system. The two short span prestressed concrete bridges with fiber reinforced polymer decks were subjected to four sets of nondestructive truckload testing. Strain gauges were placed along the height of the girder cross-section, and longitudinally and transversely across the bottom of the deck. Displacement transducers were placed to measure overall girder displacement, relative deck displacement, deck panel separation, and deck-girder connection separation. A three-dimensional finite element analysis model was created to replicate the performance of each bridge. The two new prestressed girders in bridge B-0171 strengthened the bridge considerably and increased its load carrying capacity. But the old prestressed girders in bridge B-0071 and bridge B-0171 did not show any sign of deterioration. The four sets of test data collected over a two-year period show that the age effect on structural behavior is very small for both the bridges. The deck had very little influence on the distribution of loads in the structure for these bridges. Due to low deck stiffness and incomplete connectivity, the FRP deck did little to strengthen the girders. The long term monitoring of the deck result complied with the short term testing as reported by Eder8. The finite element model closely matched with the structural components of the original bridge. The new improved model is a better representation as it was calibrated with four sets of field data collected over a period of two years. The field test data from both tests shows that the girders are simply supported on the abutment. But the girders in the model are designed as fixed end beams to have a reasonable value for the modulus of concrete used in the model. In reality it can be assumed that the support condition is between fixed and simply supported. It was also demonstrated that the deck had very little influence on the distribution of loads in the structure for these bridges. The majority of the load transfer between girders was most likely due to the diaphragms. The Impact Factor based on one set of experimental results was 1.217. However, for analysis the LRFD value of 1.33 was used. The Load Rating Factor for bridge B-0071 was 1.66 and for bridge B-0171 was 2.48 with the governing truck loading being the Design load Type Tandem. These rating factors were based on girder performance only due to insufficient deck information.

PCI Journal

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis PCI Journal by :

Download or read book PCI Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Bridges with Closure Pour Connections and Diaphragms

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Bridges with Closure Pour Connections and Diaphragms by : Gercelino Ramos

Download or read book Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Bridges with Closure Pour Connections and Diaphragms written by Gercelino Ramos and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) has gained substantial popularity in new bridge construction and bridge deck replacement because it offers innovative construction techniques that result in time and cost savings when compared to traditional bridge construction practice. One technology commonly implemented in ABC to effectively execute its projects is the use of prefabricated bridge components (precast/prestressed bridge components). Precast/prestressed bridge components are fabricated offsite or near the site and then connected on-site using small volume closure pour connections. Diaphragms are also commonly used to strengthen the connection between certain prefabricated components used in ABC, such as beam elements. Bridges containing closure pour connections and diaphragms can be designed using AASHTO LRFD live-load distribution factor formulas under the condition that the bridge must be sufficiently connected. However, these formulas were developed using analytical models that did not account for the effects of closure pours and diaphragms on live-load distribution. This research study investigates live-load distribution characteristics of precast/prestressed concrete bridges with closure pour connections and diaphragms. The investigation was conducted using finite element bridge models with closure pour joints that were calibrated using experimental data and different configuration of diaphragms. The concrete material used for the closure pour connections was developed as part of a larger project intended to develop high early-strength concrete mixtures that specifically reach strength in only 12 hours, a critical requirement for ABC projects.

Long-Term Effects Monitoring on Prestressed Concrete Bridge

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Long-Term Effects Monitoring on Prestressed Concrete Bridge by :

Download or read book Long-Term Effects Monitoring on Prestressed Concrete Bridge written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: