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Silicon On Insulator Based Nanophotonic Devices For Optical Signal Processing And Nanoparticle Sensing
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Book Synopsis Silicon-on-insulator Based Nanophotonic Devices for Optical Signal Processing and Nanoparticle Sensing by : Yi Ho Lee
Download or read book Silicon-on-insulator Based Nanophotonic Devices for Optical Signal Processing and Nanoparticle Sensing written by Yi Ho Lee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Silicon is the material that has become the basic and most important platform for the development of microelectronics in the past few decades. Silicon is not only the dominant semiconductor material for CMOS technology, but also a good candidate for optical high-speed interconnections and signal processing in 1.5-[mu]m telecommunication windows due to its high refractive index, large bandgap and strong nonlinearity. In parallel, silicon-based optical biosensing devices have recently been developed by taking advantage of the optical properties of the nanostructured silicon devices. First, we studied the nonlinear dispersion in a silicon waveguide using an optical pump-probe setup. The pump and the probe signals are co-propagating in the waveguide, and we observed the nonlinear dispersion (Kerr effect) resulting from cross-phase modulation. The nonlinear dispersion produced polarization rotation in the probe transmission, and therefore all-optical modulation was achieved with less than one picosecond switching window. Next, we studied the slow-light dispersion in a one-dimensional photonic crystal based microring resonator. We first designed and optimized the waveguide-to-resonator coupling in the high-dispersion regime near the band-edge. Then, we observed the slow-light effect with a maximum measured group index of ~20. Because of the slow-light effect, the free spectral range (FSR) is reduced, and quality factor (Q-factor) is increased in the transmission spectrum. With this approach, we can reduce the size of the ring resonator while maintaining a large FSR. Inspired by the unique standing wave resonance profile patterns, we designed a novel multi-waveguide-coupled microring. Depending on the relative azimuthal position of the waveguides, we can selectively filter a set of resonances for signal processing applications. The bandwidth of the device can be improved by employing a chirped two-dimensional photonic crystal defect waveguide. Last, we designed a novel two-dimensional silicon photonic crystal based air slot microcavities. The slot effect enables tight optical confinement in the 100-nm-wide air slot. Because of this strong optical confinement, this device is highly sensitive to the refractive index perturbation in the air slot region. With an active volume of ~0.08[mu]m3 and the device is capable of detecting nano-particle with diameters well below 100 nm"--Page vi-vii.
Book Synopsis Photonics Elements for Sensing and Optical Conversions by : Nikolay L. Kazanskiy
Download or read book Photonics Elements for Sensing and Optical Conversions written by Nikolay L. Kazanskiy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-08 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers a number of a rapidly growing areas of knowledge that may be termed as diffractive nanophotonics. It also discusses in detail photonic components that may find uses in sensorics and optical transformations. Photonics Elements for Sensing and Optical Conversions, covers a number of rapidly growing areas of knowledge that may be termed as diffractive nanophotonics. The book examines the advances in computational electrodynamics and nanoelectronics that have made it possible to design and manufacture novel types of photonic components and devices boasting unique properties unattainable in the realm of classical optics. The authors discuss plasmonic sensors, and new types of wavefront sensors and nanolasers that are widely used in telecommunications, quantum informatics and optical transformations. The book also deals with the recent advances in the plasmonic sensors based on metal-insulator-metal waveguides for biochemical sensing applications. Additionally, nanolasers are examined in detail, with a focus on contemporary issues, the book also deals with the fundamentals and highly attractive applications of metamaterials and metasurfaces. The authors provide an insight into sensors based on Zernike optical decomposition using a multi-order diffractive optical element, and explore the performance advances that can be achieved with optical computing. The book is written for opticians, scientists and researchers who are interested in an interesting section of plasmonic sensors, new types of wavefront sensors and nanolasers, and optical transformations. The book will be bought by upper graduate and graduate level students looking to specialize in photonics and optics.
Book Synopsis Modeling Silicon on Insulator Photonic Devices by : Aashish Singh
Download or read book Modeling Silicon on Insulator Photonic Devices written by Aashish Singh and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent times the use of silicon for fabricating active photonic devices has received widespread attention. Many photonic devices such as lasers, amplifiers, modulators and wavelength converters which were once conceived to be impossible to fabricate in silicon have been demonstrated. These developments are promising from the point of view of photonic related applications as well as for Opto-Electronic Integrated Circuits (OEIC). The convergence of electronic and photonic components can result in a cost effective and compact silicon chip. The application areas of such an OEIC can range from optical communications, through optical interconnects in Integrated Circuits (IC's), digital signal processing and sensing to biomedicine. The experimental demonstrations of silicon based photonic devices are promising. However, the performance of these devices needs further improvement to challenge their commercially-available counterparts made from III-V group elements. To enable performance optimization, development of suitable device physics and mathematical models are indispensable. The physics of the silicon photonic devices is electro-optic in nature. However, the mathematical models reported in the literature optimize the device performance from the optical point of view and account for the associated electronics in a very limited sense. The inclusion of the associated electronics is usually done through an extremely simplified term G=N/'tau', i.e., generation rate (G) of the free-carriers is equal to the recombination rate (N/'tau'), with 'tau' being the effective carrier lifetime. The transport of the free carriers is mostly neglected from the modeling equations. Such simplification may be valid for short optical pulses of picoseconds or less. However, in devices where the optical beam is a continuous wave, such an approximation is invalid as shown in this thesis. Further, the fabrication of the P-i-N diode structure in the silicon waveguide is a common method to control the free-carrier density in the waveguiding medium. The applied bias controls the free carrier density via the transport of the free carriers into and out of the waveguide. Hence it is intuitively clear that the modeling of these devices should exhaustively account for both the electronic and the optical physics. To accomplish such a coupled electro-optic model, three tasks were systematically carried out. In Chapter 3, the physical phenomena coupling the electronic and optical device physics was thoroughly studied. The coupling phenomenon is the plasma dispersion effect (PLDE)omenclature{PLDE}{Plasma dispersion effect}. The PLDE relates the linear dielectric constant of silicon to the density of the free charge carriers. In Chapter 4, an extensive study of P-i-N photodiode device physics was carried out. A P-i-N diode rib waveguide used in silicon photonic applications closely resembles a P-i-N photodiode. Thus, a thorough understanding of the carrier transport modeling and the P-i-N photodiode device physics helped in developing physical insight into the electro-optic process. This assisted in developing a novel sliced waveguide model in Chapter 5. The model enabled solution of the initial-boundary value differential equations, describing the electro-optic device physics of silicon photonic devices. The model was validated by reproducing the results of published work in the literature. The model was used to study the influence of the inclusion/neglect of the carrier transport on the CW Raman amplification. The discrepancy observed between the modeling results and the published experimental data were examined. The potential causes of the discrepancy were studied in Chapter 6. In particular space charge electric field strength, diffusion in the rib region and the distribution of the electric field in the depletion region were examined. The analysis resulted in some practical guidelines which may be helpful in the performance enhancement of the silicon photonic devices.
Book Synopsis Modeling and Characterization of Strongly Coupled Silicon-on-insulator Nanophotonic Devices by : Michael Lawrence Cooper
Download or read book Modeling and Characterization of Strongly Coupled Silicon-on-insulator Nanophotonic Devices written by Michael Lawrence Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon photonics is technologically attractive because of the possibility of monolithically integrating multi-element photonic waveguide circuits with complex electronic circuits. To reduce the footprint of the photonic components, it is possible to fabricate strongly-coupled waveguides and resonators, e.g., with sub-100 nm separation gaps. The most insightful design tool used for photonic devices, coupled mode theory (CMT), is considered suspect for high-index contrast strongly coupled waveguides. Using a numerically assisted coupled mode theory (NA-CMT) developed for arrayed waveguides, it was shown how one may modify the basis parameters within CMT to calculate more accurate modal profiles and more accurate estimates of the value and the wavelength dependency (i.e., dispersion) of coupling coefficients. Traditional CMT inaccurately predicts both the field peak locations and the exponential decay rates of the field envelopes in the cladding regions. Examples of strongly-coupled silicon photonic devices based on waveguides and couplers include giant birefringence multi-slot waveguides, and large-bandwidth coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWS) consisting of several hundred coupled silicon microring resonators. Numerical techniques will be reported for accurately simulating the transmission properties of strongly coupled arrayed waveguides and disordered CROWs in excellent agreement with experimental measurements on fabricated devices. Experimental methods were developed for the accurate measurement of transmitted intensity and group delay of silicon nanophotonic waveguides and multi-resonator circuits including CROWs and side-coupled integrated spaced sequence of resonators (SCISSORS). The role of external amplification in reliably measuring waveguide transmission using the method of swept wavelength interferometry was studied in detail. Also, a technique of swept-wavelength infrared imaging was developed and applied for quantitative diagnostics of multi-resonator circuits which need not have accessible drop ports on every device.
Book Synopsis Silicon Photonic Devices for Microwave Signal Generation and Processing by : Nasrin Ehteshami
Download or read book Silicon Photonic Devices for Microwave Signal Generation and Processing written by Nasrin Ehteshami and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integrated Nanophotonic Silicon Devices for Next Generation Computing Chips by : Stevan Djordjevic
Download or read book Integrated Nanophotonic Silicon Devices for Next Generation Computing Chips written by Stevan Djordjevic and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of the computing platform of the future depends largely on high bandwidth interconnects at intra-die level. Silicon photonics, as an innately CMOS compatible technology, is a promising candidate for delivering terabit per second bandwidths through the use of wavelength division multiplex (WDM) signaling. Silicon photonic interconnects offer unmatched bandwidth, density, energy efficiency, latency and reach, compared with the electrical interconnects. WDM silicon photonic links are viewed today as a promising solution for resolving the inter/intra-chip communication bottlenecks for high performance computing systems. Towards its maturity, silicon photonic technology has to resolve the issues of waveguide propagation loss, density of device integration, thermal stability of resonant devices, heterogeneous integration of various materials and many other problems. This dissertation describes the development of integrated photonic technology on silicon and silicon nitride platforms in the increased order of device complexity, from the fabrication process of low loss waveguides and efficient off-chip coupling devices, to the die-size reconfigurable lattice filters for optical signal processing. Particular emphasis of the dissertation is on the demonstration of CMOS-compatible, athermal silicon ring modulators that potentially hold the key to solving the thermal problem of silicon photonic devices. The development of high quality amorphous titanium dioxide films with negative thermo-optic coefficient enabled the fabrication of gigahertz-bandwidth silicon ring modulators that can be made insensitive to ambient temperature changes.
Book Synopsis Silicon Micro and Nano Photonic Devices for Photonic Integrated Circuits by : Deepak Simili
Download or read book Silicon Micro and Nano Photonic Devices for Photonic Integrated Circuits written by Deepak Simili and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon photonics has the potential to provide compact sized, high performance photonic devices to enable low cost photonic integrated circuits for telecom, datacom and other high data rate applications. Silicon as a material has a mature fabrication process developed over the years from the electronics industry, leading to smaller device sizes of the order of micrometers with precise control and lower costs compared to other photonic materials such as III/V group semiconductors and optical crystals such as Lithium Niobate. In this thesis, silicon photonic devices on micron and 220 nm scale thicknesses are described. A novel shallow etch polarization beam splitter in micron scale silicon photonics has been designed. The nominal design has excellent device performance of low excess loss below 0.4 dB for TE and TM polarizations and polarization extinction ratio greater than 15 dB over the telecom C band of 1530-1565 nm. In addition, the nominal design is robust to fabrication error of +/- 10 nm in etch depth variation and +/- 50 nm in waveguide width variation. In nanometer scale silicon photonics, novel design of a high performance electro-optic modulator using the ultrafast electro-optic Kerr effect in silicon nanocrystals is described. Analysis of the modulator indicates a high data rate transmission of 90 Gb/s with low energy consumption of 25.13 fJ/bit and a compact ring resonator structure having a diameter of 40 micrometers. In addition, theory, design simulation, fabrication and experimental characterization of Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) circuits and slot waveguide Bragg grating structures have been described on 220 nm silicon thickness. A novel slow light propagation loss of 5.1 dB/mm with group index of 12.38 near 1555 nm wavelength has been experimentally obtained in slot waveguide Bragg gratings with internal corrugation. This leads to an excellent phase shifter performance for high performance electro-optic modulators and integrated-optic sensing applications.
Book Synopsis Studies of Advanced Integrated Nano-photonic Devices in Silicon by : Marcus Dahlem
Download or read book Studies of Advanced Integrated Nano-photonic Devices in Silicon written by Marcus Dahlem and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic-photonic integrated circuits (EPICs) are a promising technology for overcoming bandwidth and power-consumption bottlenecks of traditional integrated circuits. Silicon is a good candidate for building such devices, due to its high-index contrast and low propagation loss at telecom wavelengths. The current thesis presents recent advances in demonstrating discrete components built in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platforms, around 1550 nm, that can be used as building blocks for future EPIC systems. The first part of this thesis investigates electro-optic modulators based on one-dimensional photonic crystal microcavities, with femtojoule switching energies, as well as on-chip optical interconnects using the super-collimation effect in two-dimensional photonic crystals, both in hole- and rod-based configurations. The second part focuses on microring-based structures, demonstrating wide thermal tunability and hitless operation of single-ring filters, as well as three more advanced categories of devices suitable for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) applications. These are twenty-channel second-order tunable filterbanks (both in dual- and counter-propagating configurations), reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) with telecom-grade specifications, and a dynamical slow light cell for delay lines and optical memory elements. All the devices demonstrated in this thesis can be integrated on the same chip. The small device footprints and the use of the SOI platform are ideal for integration with a standard CMOS process, enabling the fabrication of novel electronic-photonic integrated circuits. These new EPIC systems may one day play an important role in the scaling of current computing systems and taking advantage of the WDM capability to increase operational bandwidth, while keeping the power consumption at low levels.
Download or read book Optoelectronics written by P. Predeep and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optoelectronics - Devices and Applications is the second part of an edited anthology on the multifaced areas of optoelectronics by a selected group of authors including promising novices to experts in the field. Photonics and optoelectronics are making an impact multiple times as the semiconductor revolution made on the quality of our life. In telecommunication, entertainment devices, computational techniques, clean energy harvesting, medical instrumentation, materials and device characterization and scores of other areas of R
Book Synopsis Silicon Integrated Nanophotonic Devices for On-chip Optical Interconnects by : Che-Yun Lin
Download or read book Silicon Integrated Nanophotonic Devices for On-chip Optical Interconnects written by Che-Yun Lin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon is the dominant material in Microelectronics. Building photonic devices out of silicon can leverage the mature processing technologies developed in silicon CMOS. Silicon is also a very good waveguide material. It is highly transparent at 1550nm, and it has very high refractive index of 3.46. High refractive index enables building high index contrast waveguides with dimensions close to the diffraction limit. This provides the opportunity to build highly integrated photonic integrated circuit that can perform multiple functions on the same silicon chip, an optical parallel of the electronic integrated circuit. However, silicon does not have some of the necessary properties to build active optical devices such as lasers and modulators. For Example, silicon is an indirect band gap material that can't be used to make lasers. The centro-symmetric crystal structure in silicon presents no electro-optic effect. By contrast, electro-optic polymer can be engineered to show very strong electro-optic effect up to 300pm/V. In this research we have demonstrated highly compact and efficient devices that utilize the strong optical confinement ability in silicon and strong electro-optic effect in polymer. We have performed detailed investigations on the optical coupling to a slow light waveguide and developed solutions to improve the coupling efficiency to a slow light photonic crystal waveguides (PCW). These studies have lead to the demonstration of the most hybrid silicon modulator demonstrate to date and a compact chip scale true time delay module that can be implemented in future phased array antenna systems. In the future, people may be able to realize a photonic integrated circuit for optical communication or sensor systems using the devices we developed in our research.
Book Synopsis Reconfigurable Silicon Photonic Devices for Optical Signal Processing by : Amir Hossein Atabaki
Download or read book Reconfigurable Silicon Photonic Devices for Optical Signal Processing written by Amir Hossein Atabaki and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Processing of high-speed data using optical signals is a promising approach for tackling the bandwidth and speed challenges of today's electronics. Realization of complex optical signal processing functionalities seems more possible than any time before, thanks to the recent achievements in silicon photonics towards large-scale photonic integration. In this Ph. D. work, a novel thermal reconfiguration technology is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for silicon photonics that is compact, low-loss, low-power, fast, with a large tuning-range. These properties are all required for large-scale optical signal processing and had not been simultaneously achieved in a single device technology prior to this work. This device technology is applied to a new class of resonator-based devices for reconfigurable nonlinear optical signal processing. For the first time, we have demonstrated the possibility of resonance wavelength tuning of individual resonances and their coupling coefficients. Using this new device concept, we have demonstrated tunable wavelength-conversion through four-wave mixing in a resonator-based silicon device for the first time.
Book Synopsis Lab-on-Fiber Technology by : Andrea Cusano
Download or read book Lab-on-Fiber Technology written by Andrea Cusano and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-29 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on a research field that is rapidly emerging as one of the most promising ones for the global optics and photonics community: the “lab-on-fiber” technology. Inspired by the well-established "lab on-a-chip" concept, this new technology essentially envisages novel and highly functionalized devices completely integrated into a single optical fiber for both communication and sensing applications. Based on the R&D experience of some of the world's leading authorities in the fields of optics, photonics, nanotechnology, and material science, this book provides a broad and accurate description of the main developments and achievements in the lab-on-fiber technology roadmap, also highlighting the new perspectives and challenges to be faced. This book is essential for scientists interested in the cutting-edge fiber optic technology, but also for graduate students.
Download or read book Nanoscale Sensors written by Shibin Li and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-07 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive introduction to nanoscale materials for sensor applications, with a focus on connecting the fundamental laws of physics and the chemistry of materials with device design. Nanoscale sensors can be used for a wide variety of applications, including the detection of gases, optical signals, and mechanical strain, and can meet the need to detect and quantify the presence of gaseous pollutants or other dangerous substances in the environment. Gas sensors have found various applications in our daily lives and in industry. Semiconductive oxides, including SnO2, ZnO, Fe2O3, and In2O3, are promising candidates for gas sensor applications. Carbon nanomaterials are becoming increasingly available as “off-the-shelf” components, and this makes nanotechnology more exciting and approachable than ever before. Nano-wire based field- effect transistor biosensors have also received much attention in recent years as a way to achieve ultra-sensitive and label-free sensing of molecules of biological interest. A diverse array of semiconductor-based nanostructures has been synthesized for use as a photoelectrochemical sensor or biosensor in the detection of low concentrations of analytes. A novel acoustic sensor for structural health monitoring (SHM) that utilizes lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nano- active fiber composites (NAFCs) is described as well.
Book Synopsis Surface Plasmon Nanophotonics by : Mark L. Brongersma
Download or read book Surface Plasmon Nanophotonics written by Mark L. Brongersma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-09-18 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses a new class of photonic devices, known as surface plasmon nanophotonic structures. The book highlights several exciting new discoveries, while providing a clear discussion of the underlying physics, the nanofabrication issues, and the materials considerations involved in designing plasmonic devices with new functionality. Chapters written by the leaders in the field of plasmonics provide a solid background to each topic.
Book Synopsis Fibre Optic Communication Devices by : Norbert Grote
Download or read book Fibre Optic Communication Devices written by Norbert Grote and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-01-26 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optoelectronic devices and fibre optics are the basis of cutting-edge communication systems. This monograph deals with the various components of these systems, including lasers, amplifiers, modulators, converters, filters, sensors, and more.
Download or read book Optical Antennas written by Mario Agio and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-03 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This consistent and systematic review of recent advances in optical antenna theory and practice brings together leading experts in the fields of electrical engineering, nano-optics and nano-photonics, physical chemistry and nanofabrication. Fundamental concepts and functionalities relevant to optical antennas are explained, together with key principles for optical antenna modelling, design and characterisation. Recognising the tremendous potential of this technology, practical applications are also outlined. Presenting a clear translation of the concepts of radio antenna design, near-field optics and field-enhanced spectroscopy into optical antennas, this interdisciplinary book is an indispensable resource for researchers and graduate students in engineering, optics and photonics, physics and chemistry.
Book Synopsis Applications of Nanobiotechnology by : Margarita Stoytcheva
Download or read book Applications of Nanobiotechnology written by Margarita Stoytcheva and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to the applications of nanobiotechnology, i.e. the way that nanotechnology is used to create devices to study biological systems and phenomena. It includes seven chapters, organized in two sections. The first section (Chapters 1–5) covers a large spectrum of issues associated with nanoparticle synthesis, nanoparticle toxicity, and the role of nanotechnology in drug delivery, tissue engineering, agriculture, and biosensing. The second section (Chapters 6 and 7) is devoted to the properties of nanofluids and the medical and biological applications of computational fluid dymanics modeling.
