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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Si Pillar Structured Thermal Neutron Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Nine Element Si-based Pillar Structured Thermal Neutron Detector written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Pillar Structured Thermal Neutron Detector written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work describes an innovative solid state device structure that leverages advanced semiconductor fabrication technology to produce an efficient device for thermal neutron detection which we have coined the 'Pillar Detector'. State-of-the-art thermal neutron detectors have shortcomings in simultaneously achieving high efficiency, low operating voltage while maintaining adequate fieldability performance. By using a three dimensional silicon PIN diode pillar array filled with isotopic 1°boron (1°B), a high efficiency device is theoretically possible. Here we review the design considerations for going from a 2-D to 3-D device and discuss the materials trade-offs. The relationship between the geometrical features and efficiency within our 3-D device is investigated by Monte Carlo radiation transport method coupled with finite element drift-diffusion carrier transport simulations. To benchmark our simulations and validate the predicted efficiency scaling, experimental results of a prototype device are illustrated. The fabricated pillar structures reported in this work are composed of 2 [mu]m diameter silicon pillars with a 2 [mu]m spacing and pillar height of 12 [mu]m. The pillar detector with a 12 [mu]m height achieved a thermal neutron detection efficiency of 7.3% at a reverse bias of -2 V.
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Pillar Structured Thermal Neutron Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Numerical Simulations of Pillar Structured Solid State Thermal Neutron Detector Efficiency and Gamma Discrimination written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work reports numerical simulations of a novel three-dimensionally integrated, 1°boron (1°B) and silicon p+, intrinsic, n+ (PIN) diode micropillar array for thermal neutron detection. The inter-digitated device structure has a high probability of interaction between the Si PIN pillars and the charged particles (alpha and 7Li) created from the neutron - 1°B reaction. In this work, the effect of both the 3-D geometry (including pillar diameter, separation and height) and energy loss mechanisms are investigated via simulations to predict the neutron detection efficiency and gamma discrimination of this structure. The simulation results are demonstrated to compare well with the measurement results. This indicates that upon scaling the pillar height, a high efficiency thermal neutron detector is possible.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Fabrication of Pillar-Structured Thermal Neutron Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pillar detector is an innovative solid state device structure that leverages advanced semiconductor fabrication technology to produce a device for thermal neutron detection. State-of-the-art thermal neutron detectors have shortcomings in achieving simultaneously high efficiency, low operating voltage while maintaining adequate fieldability performance. By using a 3-dimensional silicon PIN diode pillar array filled with isotopic boron 10, (1°B) a high efficiency device is theoretically possible. The fabricated pillar structures reported in this work are composed of 2 [mu]m diameter silicon pillars with a 4 [mu]m pitch and pillar heights of 6 and 12 [mu]m. The pillar detector with a 12 [mu]m height achieved a thermal neutron detection efficiency of 7.3% at 2V.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Gamma Discrimination in Pillar Structured Thermal Neutron Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid-state thermal neutron detectors are desired to replace 3He tube based technology for the detection of special nuclear materials. 3He tubes have some issues with stability, sensitivity to microphonics and very recently, a shortage of 3He. There are numerous solid-state approaches being investigated that utilize various architectures and material combinations. By using the combination of high-aspect-ratio silicon PIN pillars, which are 2?m wide with a 2?m separation, arranged in a square matrix, and surrounded by 1°B, the neutron converter material, a high efficiency thermal neutron detector is possible. Besides intrinsic neutron detection efficiency, neutron to gamma discrimination is an important figure of merit for unambiguous signal identification. In this work, theoretical calculations and experimental measurements are conducted to determine the effect of structure design of pillar structured thermal neutron detectors including: intrinsic layer thickness, pillar height, substrate doping and incident gamma energy on neutron to gamma discrimination.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Experimental Determination of Gamma-ray Discrimination in Pillar-structured Thermal Neutron Detectors Under High Gamma-ray Flux written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon pillar structures filled with a neutron converter material (10B) are designed to have high thermal neutron detection efficiency with specific dimensions of 50 ?m pillar height, 2 ?m pillar diameter and 2 ?m spacing between adjacent pillars. In this paper, we have demonstrated such a detector has a high neutron-to-gamma discrimination of 106 with a high thermal neutron detection efficiency of 39% when exposed to a high gamma-ray field of 109 photons/cm2s.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Study of Transport Behavior and Conversion Efficiency in Pillar Structured Neutron Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Room temperature, high efficiency and scalable radiation detectors can be realized by manipulating materials at the micro scale. With micro-semiconductor-pillars, we will advance the thermal neutron detection efficiency of semiconductor detectors to over 70% with 50 mm in detector thickness. New material science, new transport behavior, neutron to alpha conversion dynamics and their relationship with neutron detection will be discovered with the proposed structures.
Author : Alan Owens
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351629174
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)
Download or read book Semiconductor Radiation Detectors written by Alan Owens and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Choice Recommended Title, July 2020 Bringing together material scattered across many disciplines, Semiconductor Radiation Detectors provides readers with a consolidated source of information on the properties of a wide range of semiconductors; their growth, characterization and the fabrication of radiation sensors with emphasis on the X- and gamma-ray regimes. It explores the promise and limitations of both the traditional and new generation of semiconductors and discusses where the future in semiconductor development and radiation detection may lie. The purpose of this book is two-fold; firstly to serve as a text book for those new to the field of semiconductors and radiation detection and measurement, and secondly as a reference book for established researchers working in related disciplines within physics and engineering. Features: The only comprehensive book covering this topic Fully up-to-date with new developments in the field Provides a wide-ranging source of further reference material
Author : Siddartha Srinivasan Nandagopala Krishnan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (123 download)
Download or read book Scalable Low-cost Large-area Micro-structured Thermal Neutron Detectors written by Siddartha Srinivasan Nandagopala Krishnan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
![Download Method for Manufacturing Solid-state Thermal Neutron Detectors with Simultaneous High Thermal Neutron Detection Efficiency (]50%) and Neutron to Gamma Discrimination (]1.0E4). PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/ohZhAQAACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Download or read book Method for Manufacturing Solid-state Thermal Neutron Detectors with Simultaneous High Thermal Neutron Detection Efficiency (]50%) and Neutron to Gamma Discrimination (]1.0E4). written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods for manufacturing solid-state thermal neutron detectors with simultaneous high thermal neutron detection efficiency (>50%) and neutron to gamma discrimination (>10.sup. 4) are provided. A structure is provided that includes a p+ region on a first side of an intrinsic region and an n+ region on a second side of the intrinsic region. The thickness of the intrinsic region is minimized to achieve a desired gamma discrimination factor of at least 1.0E+04. Material is removed from one of the p+ region or the n+ region and into the intrinsic layer to produce pillars with open space between each pillar. The open space is filed with a neutron sensitive material. An electrode is placed in contact with the pillars and another electrode is placed in contact with the side that is opposite of the intrinsic layer with respect to the first electrode.
Author : Faquir C Jain
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813276312
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)
Download or read book High Performance Materials And Devices For High-speed Electronic Systems written by Faquir C Jain and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this review volume, the editors have included the state-of-the-art research and development in nano composites, and optical electronics written by experts in the field. In addition, it also covers applications for emerging technologies in High-Speed Electronics.In summary, topics covered in this volume includes various aspects of high performance materials and devices for implementing High-Speed Electronic systems.
Author : Tapan K. Gupta
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642340768
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)
Download or read book Radiation, Ionization, and Detection in Nuclear Medicine written by Tapan K. Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will serve as the definitive source of detailed information on radiation, ionization, and detection in nuclear medicine. It opens by considering fundamental aspects of nuclear radiation, including dose and energy, sources, and shielding. Subsequent chapters cover the full range of relevant topics, including the detection and measurement of radiation exposure (with detailed information on mathematical modelling); medical imaging; the different types of radiation detector and their working principles; basic principles of and experimental techniques for deposition of scintillating materials; device fabrication; the optical and electrical behaviors of radiation detectors; and the instrumentation used in nuclear medicine and its application. The book will be an invaluable source of information for academia, industry, practitioners, and researchers.
Author : Taylor R. Ochs
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Advanced Dual-sided Microstructured Semiconductor Neutron Detectors and Instrumentation written by Taylor R. Ochs and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dual-Sided Microstructured Semiconductor Neutron Detectors (DS-MSNDs) have been developed as a viable alternative to expensive 3He for thermal-neutron detection. DS-MSNDs were designed as an advancement on single-sided MSNDs which comprise high-aspect ratio trenches backfilled with 6LiF neutron conversion material etched deep into silicon pvn-junction diodes. Neutrons react in the conversion material, which produces energetic charged-particle reaction products that are measured in the adjacent silicon microfeatures. Single-sided MSNDs have been produced with an intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency of 30-35% for normally incident neutrons, and the key limiting factor in detection efficiency is neutron free streaming paths through the neutron insensitive silicon fins. The DS-MSND incorporates a second set of 6LiF-backfilled trenches etched on the back-side of a thicker silicon diode that are offset from the front-side trenches to eliminate the neutron free streaming paths. Monte Carlo simulations show DS-MSNDs only 1.5-mm thick are theoretically capable of 80% intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency, which could directly match commonly available 3He detectors. This work describes the design of DS-MSNDs including electric field modeling and microfeature geometry optimization with MCNP simulations, and fabrication process improvements implemented that elevate the state-of-the-art. The previous world record for intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency for semiconductor neutron detectors was 53.5 ± 0.6%. Advancements in deep-trench etching and 6LiF backfilling methods presented herein have increased the current record intrinsic-thermal neutron detection efficiency to 69.3 ± 1.5%. Several prototype detector systems were fabricated implementing DS-MSND and MSND technology to aid in search and localization of special nuclear material. Drop-in replacements for small-diameter, high-pressure 3He detectors, and the DS-MSND-based HeRep Mk IV measured 80% to 115% of the count rate of a similarly sized 10-atm 3He detector based on the detector and source moderation configuration. Additionally, modular neutron detectors were developed for use in a high-sensitivity, low profile, wearable neutron detector for covert or overt source detection missions by warfighters, first responders, or law enforcement personnel. Additionally, MCNP simulations show the wearable detectors have potential to as operate as high-accuracy, real-time, neutron dose meters. The DS-MSND-based detector systems with on-board electronics offer a low-cost, low-power, compact, high sensitivity, alternative to 3He neutron detection.
Author : Steven Lawrence Bellinger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (819 download)
Download or read book Advanced Microstructured Semiconductor Neutron Detectors written by Steven Lawrence Bellinger and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microstructured semiconductor neutron detector (MSND) was investigated and previous designs were improved and optimized. In the present work, fabrication techniques have been refined and improved to produce three-dimensional microstructured semiconductor neutron detectors with reduced leakage current, reduced capacitance, highly anisotropic deep etched trenches, and increased signal-to-noise ratios. As a result of these improvements, new MSND detection systems function with better gamma-ray discrimination and are easier to fabricate than previous designs. In addition to the microstructured diode fabrication improvement, a superior batch processing backfill-method for 6LiF neutron reactive material, resulting in a nearly-solid backfill, was developed. This method incorporates a LiF nano-sizing process and a centrifugal batch process for backfilling the nanoparticle LiF material. To better transition the MSND detector to commercialization, the fabrication process was studied and enhanced to better facilitate low cost and batch process MSND production. The research and development of the MSND technology described in this work includes fabrication of variant microstructured diode designs, which have been simulated through MSND physics models to predict performance and neutron detection efficiency, and testing the operational performance of these designs in regards to neutron detection efficiency, gamma-ray rejection, and silicon fabrication methodology. The highest thermal-neutron detection efficiency reported to date for a solid-state semiconductor detector is presented in this work. MSNDs show excellent neutron to gamma-ray (n/[gamma]) rejection ratios, which are on the order of 106, without significant loss in thermal-neutron detection efficiency. Individually, the MSND is intrinsically highly sensitive to thermal neutrons, but not extrinsically sensitive because of their small size. To improve upon this, individual MSNDs were tiled together into a 6x6-element array on a single silicon chip. Individual elements of the array were tested for thermal-neutron detection efficiency and for the n/[gamma] reject ratio. Overall, because of the inadequacies and costs of other neutron detection systems, the MSND is the premier technology for many neutron detection applications.
Author : Zhe Chuan Feng
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439855749
Total Pages : 565 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Zinc Oxide and Related Materials written by Zhe Chuan Feng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through their application in energy-efficient and environmentally friendly devices, zinc oxide (ZnO) and related classes of wide gap semiconductors, including GaN and SiC, are revolutionizing numerous areas, from lighting, energy conversion, photovoltaics, and communications to biotechnology, imaging, and medicine. With an emphasis on engineering and materials science, Handbook of Zinc Oxide and Related Materials provides a comprehensive, up-to-date review of various technological aspects of ZnO. Volume Two focuses on devices and nanostructures created from ZnO and similar materials. The book covers various nanostructures, synthesis/creation strategies, device behavior, and state-of-the-art applications in electronics and optoelectronics. It also provides useful information on the device and nanoscale process and examines the fabrication of LEDs, LDs, photodetectors, and nanodevices. Covering key properties and important technologies of ZnO-based devices and nanoengineering, the handbook highlights the potential of this wide gap semiconductor. It also illustrates the remaining challenging issues in nanomaterial preparation and device fabrication for R&D in the twenty-first century.
