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Shade Trees Preserve Avian Insectivore Biodiversity On Coffee Farms In A Warming Climate
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Book Synopsis Shade Trees Preserve Avian Insectivore Biodiversity on Coffee Farms in a Warming Climate by : Sarah L. Schooler
Download or read book Shade Trees Preserve Avian Insectivore Biodiversity on Coffee Farms in a Warming Climate written by Sarah L. Schooler and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coffee is an important export in many developing countries, with a global annual trade value of $100 billion. Climate change is projected to drastically reduce the area where coffee is able to be grown. Shade trees may mitigate the effects of climate change through temperature regulation for coffee growth, temperature regulation for pest control, and increase in pest-eating bird diversity. The impact of shade on bird diversity and microclimate on coffee farms has been studied extensively in the Neotropics, but there is a dearth of research in the Paleotropics. I examined the local effects of shade on bird presence and temperature on coffee farms in Kenya and then created regional Maxent models for avian insectivores in East Africa. I adjusted current and future Bioclim layers based on mean differences in temperatures between shade and sun on coffee farms. I then projected models into the future and onto adjusted temperature layers to predict the impact of shade tree removal on climatic suitability for avian insectivores. I found that avian insectivore richness is projected to decrease significantly in the future, as is avian insectivore climatic suitability and suitable area, but shade trees on coffee farms can mediate this. Temperature is not currently a limiting factor for avian insectivores on Kenyan coffee farms, indicating that bird presence is determined by site-level factors. Future temperatures will become a regionally limiting factor for bird distribution in East Africa, but its effects can be potentially mediated through planting and maintaining shade trees on coffee farms.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Shade Coffee Cultivation on Tropical Montane Bird Diversity by : William Lloyd Rockey
Download or read book The Effects of Shade Coffee Cultivation on Tropical Montane Bird Diversity written by William Lloyd Rockey and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical mountains are the most species rich regions on Earth, but are especially vulnerable to biodiversity loss because of the high proportion of range-restricted species with narrow elevational distributions. Shade coffee plantations, in contrast to open monocultures, may mitigate biodiversity loss on tropical mountainsides by providing structure and food to native bird species. The following chapters explore the effects of shade coffee cultivation on bird diversity along the northwest slope of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northern Colombia. The first chapter examines how coffee plantation and natural forest bird communities differ in their compositional turnover along elevational and horizontal spatial gradients. I surveyed bird communities at 23 shade coffee plantation sites and 20 natural forest sites along a 1000-meter elevational gradient. Compared to natural forest, I found shade coffee plantations to be diminished in [beta] diversity despite a greater average number of bird species per site. Coffee plantations also exhibited less variance in all vegetation measures reflecting their homogenized structure. This homogeneous feature of shade coffee plantations is a potential cause of their reduced avian [beta] diversity across elevational and horizontal distances. The second chapter assesses the role of environmental filtering in reshaping bird communities of shade coffee plantations relative to nearby natural forest. I analyzed the phylogenies and traits of bird communities in these two habitats of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in order to address the hypothesis that shade coffee plantations filter avian communities by limiting their phylogenetic and functional composition. I found that coffee plantation bird communities demonstrated greater phylogenetic clustering and lower expected phylogenetic diversity than natural forest communities. Coffee plantation bird communities also displayed less functional diversity than natural forest communities in terms of the birds’ foraging strata, dietary guild, and body mass. Reductions in understory foragers, frugivores, and body mass variance coupled with increases in canopy foragers and omnivores contributed to the functional and corresponding phylogenetic filtering of coffee plantations. The third chapter explores the role of land use in determining how climate change will impact bird communities in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. I used species distribution models to predict changes in occurrence rates by 2050 for 160 bird species I had detected in shade coffee plantations and natural forest sites. Most natural forest bird communities showed greater average projected declines than adjacent shade coffee bird communities under future warming and drying. The interaction between land use and elevation was a significant predictor of changes in occurrence rates. Consequently, the projected decline of shade coffee bird communities was relatively muted with increasing elevation. A likely contributing cause of this projected pattern is the more homogeneous community composition (diminished [beta] diversity) of shade coffee plantations across the elevational gradient.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Shade Tree Species on Bird Communities in Central Kenyan Coffee Farms by : Deven Kammerichs-Berke
Download or read book The Effect of Shade Tree Species on Bird Communities in Central Kenyan Coffee Farms written by Deven Kammerichs-Berke and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shade coffee has been recognized as a well-studied example of a land-sharing management strategy that both creates habitat for tropical birds while also maintaining agricultural yield. Despite the general consensus that shade coffee is more "bird-friendly" than a sun coffee monoculture, little work has been done to investigate the effects of specific shade tree species on bird diversity and their capacity to help deliver ecosystem services. Previous studies in temperate regions have demonstrated that due to shared evolutionary histories, native plant species are better at promoting native arthropod numbers, which in turn support a greater number of birds. This study investigated bottom-up effects of two shade tree taxa - native Cordia sp. and introduced Grevillea robusta - on insectivorous bird communities in central Kenya. Results indicate that foliage-dwelling arthropod abundance and the richness, and overall abundance of foraging birds were all higher on Cordia than on Grevillea. Furthermore, multivariate analyses of bird community data indicate a significant difference in community composition between the canopies of the two tree species, though the communities of birds using the coffee understory under these shade trees were similar. In addition, both shade trees buffered temperatures in coffee, which could help slow the growth of insect pests, and this was more pronounced under Cordia. These results suggest that native Cordia trees may be better at mitigating habitat loss and promoting ecosystem services in Kenyan coffee systems. Identifying differences in prey abundance and preferences in bird foraging behavior aids in developing region-specific information to optimize functional diversity, ecosystem services, and the conservation of birds in agricultural landscapes.
Book Synopsis Bird Communities in Sun and Shade Coffee Farms in Kenya by : Chris Jamison Smith
Download or read book Bird Communities in Sun and Shade Coffee Farms in Kenya written by Chris Jamison Smith and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural expansion to meet rising demands for crops is one of the greatest threats to terrestrial biodiversity. Coffee, one of the most valuable trade items in tropical countries, provides economic livelihood and habitat for wildlife, especially when it is grown under a canopy of shade trees. In the Neotropics, birds are well studied in coffee, where they usually are more abundant and diverse in shaded farms. However, large differences in abundance between nearby study locations suggest these differences are regionally specific. Few studies have been done in coffee in Africa, which comprises 20% of the world’s area of coffee cultivation. I studied differences in the bird communities between sun and shade coffee in central Kenya, and examined effects of vegetation and landscape on bird abundance and diversity. Sun coffee had higher species richness and abundance of all major guilds (omnivores, insectivores, and granivores), and showed low community similarity to shade. Unlike findings from the Neotropics, canopy cover appeared to have a negative influence on all guilds, while understory volume of weeds increased bird abundance and species richness with a similar magnitude as canopy cover. Forest fragment size, distance from fragment edges, and proportions of landscape cover at a 250 m scale did not strongly affect bird communities in sun coffee. These differences highlight the need for further studies of the effects of coffee cultivation on bird abundance and diversity in Africa
Book Synopsis Consevation, Agroecology and Livelihoods by : Katharine E. Goodall
Download or read book Consevation, Agroecology and Livelihoods written by Katharine E. Goodall and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smallholder coffee growers have been recognized for their contribution to biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation through low-input, highdiversity farming management techniques. Smallholder coffee farmers worldwide often cooperatively organize to gain social and economic leverage. In a broad sense, this work explores how the social landscape of the cooperative influences the agroecological landscape. More specifically, I seek to understand how cooperatively managed smallholder coffee farmers make decisions about farm management, and how this aligns with bird and tree diversity within the coffee agroecosystem.
Book Synopsis Bird Abundance and Diversity in Shade Coffee and Natural Forest Kenya by : Frank Juma Ong'ondo
Download or read book Bird Abundance and Diversity in Shade Coffee and Natural Forest Kenya written by Frank Juma Ong'ondo and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coffee, one of the major traded commodities in the world, has captured attention of both the international business class and conservation community due to its value as a beverage and for the habitat it can provide for wildlife. Previous work in Central Kenya has demonstrated that when cultivated with shade trees, coffee farms can host high levels of bird diversity. However, questions of how the bird community in shade coffee farms compares to those in natural forest remained unanswered. Using three visits to each of 160-point count locations in natural forest (80) and shade coffee sites (80) in Central Kenya, I estimated bird abundance and species richness in natural forest and shade coffee. Specifically, I predicted higher abundance and diversity of granivores, forest visitors, forest generalists and no forest association in shade coffee than in natural forest, and higher abundance and diversity of insectivores, frugivores and forest specialists in natural forest than in shade coffee farms. Compared to natural forest, shade coffee had higher bird abundance and species diversity of all feeding guilds except frugivores, which were mostly detected in natural forest. Forest specialists and forest generalists were more abundant and with higher species richness in natural forest than in shade coffee. My study accentuates the value of remnant native trees within coffee plantations for the persistence and conservation of avian communities, while also clarifying that some groups of birds are reliant on natural forests and unlikely to be conserved in shade coffee farms. These findings contribute to a growing understanding of the value and limitations of shade coffee for avian conservation, which land managers can use in their management plans while promoting conservation efforts.
Book Synopsis Why Birds Matter by : Çagan H. Sekercioglu
Download or read book Why Birds Matter written by Çagan H. Sekercioglu and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over one hundred years, ornithologists and amateur birders have jointly campaigned for the conservation of bird species, documenting not only birds’ beauty and extraordinary diversity, but also their importance to ecosystems worldwide. But while these avian enthusiasts have noted that birds eat fruit, carrion, and pests; spread seed and fertilizer; and pollinate plants, among other services, they have rarely asked what birds are worth in economic terms. In Why Birds Matter, an international collection of ornithologists, botanists, ecologists, conservation biologists, and environmental economists seeks to quantify avian ecosystem services—the myriad benefits that birds provide to humans. The first book to approach ecosystem services from an ornithological perspective, Why Birds Matter asks what economic value we can ascribe to those services, if any, and how this value should inform conservation. Chapters explore the role of birds in such important ecological dynamics as scavenging, nutrient cycling, food chains, and plant-animal interactions—all seen through the lens of human well-being—to show that quantifying avian ecosystem services is crucial when formulating contemporary conservation strategies. Both elucidating challenges and providing examples of specific ecosystem valuations and guidance for calculation, the contributors propose that in order to advance avian conservation, we need to appeal not only to hearts and minds, but also to wallets.
Book Synopsis Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes by : Götz Schroth
Download or read book Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes written by Götz Schroth and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-03-22 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agroforestry -- the practice of integrating trees and other large woody perennials on farms and throughout the agricultural landscape -- is increasingly recognized as a useful and promising strategy that diversifies production for greater social, economic, and environmental benefits. Agroforestry and BiodiversityConservation in Tropical Landscapes brings together 46 scientists and practitioners from 13 countries with decades of field experience in tropical regions to explore how agroforestry practices can help promote biodiversity conservation in human-dominated landscapes, to synthesize the current state of knowledge in the field, and to identify areas where further research is needed. Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes is the first comprehensive synthesis of the role of agroforestry systems in conserving biodiversity in tropical landscapes, and contains in-depth review chapters of most agroforestry systems, with examples from many different countries. It is a valuable source of information for scientists, researchers, professors, and students in the fields of conservation biology, resource management, tropical ecology, rural development, agroforestry, and agroecology.
Book Synopsis Tropical Agroforestry by : Alain Atangana
Download or read book Tropical Agroforestry written by Alain Atangana and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-29 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agroforestry is recognized as a sustainable land-use management in the tropics, as it provides environmental-friendly ecosystems; it also provides people with their every day need for food and cash. Since the recognition of agroforestry as a science, curricula have been developed for agroforestry programs for undergraduate and graduate trainings in Universities. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and make available educational material. This textbook strives to provide up-to-date information on tropical agroforestry to serve as educational material in the tropical context. The authoritative textbook of Nair (1993) on agroforestry was published 18 years ago, and before the advent of tree domestication, an important agroforestry practice today. In addition, many other research activities, such as carbon sequestration and integrated pest management, have been included in the agroforestry agenda. This textbook is intended for agroforestry students, teachers, and practitioners.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251312702 Total Pages :576 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis The State of the World's Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book The State of the World's Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-03-12 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The State of the World's Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture presents the first global assessment of biodiversity for food and agriculture worldwide. Biodiversity for food and agriculture is the diversity of plants, animals and micro-organisms at genetic, species and ecosystem levels, present in and around crop, livestock, forest and aquatic production systems. It is essential to the structure, functions and processes of these systems, to livelihoods and food security, and to the supply of a wide range of ecosystem services. It has been managed or influenced by farmers, livestock keepers, forest dwellers, fish farmers and fisherfolk for hundreds of generations. Prepared through a participatory, country-driven process, the report draws on information from 91 country reports to provide a description of the roles and importance of biodiversity for food and agriculture, the drivers of change affecting it and its current status and trends. It describes the state of efforts to promote the sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity for food and agriculture, including through the development of supporting policies, legal frameworks, institutions and capacities. It concludes with a discussion of needs and challenges in the future management of biodiversity for food and agriculture. The report complements other global assessments prepared under the auspices of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, which have focused on the state of genetic resources within particular sectors of food and agriculture.
Book Synopsis Real Gardens Grow Natives by : Eileen M Stark
Download or read book Real Gardens Grow Natives written by Eileen M Stark and published by Mountaineers Books. This book was released on 2014-09-24 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CLICK HERE to download sample native plants from Real Gardens Grow Natives For many people, the most tangible and beneficial impact they can have on the environment is right in their own yard. Aimed at beginning and veteran gardeners alike, Real Gardens Grow Natives is a stunningly photographed guide that helps readers plan, implement, and sustain a retreat at home that reflects the natural world. Gardening with native plants that naturally belong and thrive in the Pacific Northwest’s climate and soil not only nurtures biodiversity, but provides a quintessential Northwest character and beauty to yard and neighborhood! For gardeners and conservationists who lack the time to read through lengthy design books and plant lists or can’t afford a landscape designer, Real Gardens Grow Natives is accessible yet comprehensive and provides the inspiration and clear instruction needed to create and sustain beautiful, functional, and undemanding gardens. With expert knowledge from professional landscape designer Eileen M. Stark, Real Gardens Grow Natives includes: * Detailed profiles of 100 select native plants for the Pacific Northwest west of the Cascades, plus related species, helping make plant choice and placement. * Straightfoward methods to enhance or restore habitat and increase biodiversity * Landscape design guidance for various-sized yards, including sample plans * Ways to integrate natives, edibles, and nonnative ornamentals within your garden * Specific planting procedures and secrets to healthy soil * Techniques for propagating your own native plants * Advice for easy, maintenance using organic methods
Download or read book Conservation by Proxy written by Tim Caro and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2010-06-23 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vast scope of conservation problems has forced biologists and managers to rely on "surrogate" species to serve as shortcuts to guide their decision making. These species-known by a host of different terms, including indicator, umbrella, and flagship species-act as proxies to represent larger conservation issues, such as the location of biodiversity hotspots or general ecosystem health. Synthesizing an immense body of literature, conservation biologist and field researcher Tim Caro offers systematic definitions of surrogate species concepts, explores biological theories that underlie them, considers how surrogate species are chosen, critically examines evidence for and against their utility, and makes recommendations for their continued use. The book clarifies terminology and contrasts how different terms are used in the real world considers the ecological, taxonomic, and political underpinnings of these shortcuts identifies criteria that make for good surrogate species outlines the circumstances where the application of the surrogate species concept shows promise Conservation by Proxy is a benchmark reference that provides clear definitions and common understanding of the evidence and theory behind surrogate species. It is the first book to review and bring together literature on more than fifteen types of surrogate species, enabling us to assess their role in conservation and offering guidelines on how they can be used most effectively.
Book Synopsis Coffee Agroecology by : Ivette Perfecto
Download or read book Coffee Agroecology written by Ivette Perfecto and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-02-11 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on principles of the conservation and optimization of biodiversity and of equity and sustainability, this book focuses on the ecology of the coffee agroecosystem as a model for a sustainable agricultural ecosystem. It draws on the authors' own research conducted over the last twenty years as well as incorporating the vast literature that has been generated on coffee agroecosystems from around the world. The book uses an integrated approach that weaves together various lines of research to understand the ecology of a very diverse tropical agroforestry system. Key concepts explored include biodiversity patterns, metapopulation dynamics and ecological networks. These are all set in a socioeconomic and political framework which relates them to the realities of farmers' livelihoods. The authors provide a novel synthesis that will generate new understanding and can be applied to other examples of sustainable agriculture and food production. This synthesis also explains the ecosystem services provided by the approach, including the economic, fair trade and political aspects surrounding this all-important global commodity.
Book Synopsis The Romance of Indian Coffee by : P. T. Bopanna
Download or read book The Romance of Indian Coffee written by P. T. Bopanna and published by Rolling Stone Publications. This book was released on 2022-04-07 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Coorg is the biggest grower of coffee in India, I zeroed in on the subject of coffee. During my youth in Coorg, I was fascinated by the legend of Mr Ivor Bull, a pioneer planter and the founder of the Consolidated Coffee Estates Ltd., Pollibetta. Though Mr Bull had returned to England in 1954, he had become part of the local ‘coffee folklore’ and was remembered with affection by the local planters. Rightly so, because it was Mr Bull who had encouraged the Coorg planters to grow oranges, cardamom and pepper along with coffee. The inter-planting vastly improved the economic condition of the small planters. I did not want to focus my writing on the cultivation of coffee because coffee has been grown in India as a commercial crop for nearly two centuries and planters are familiar with it. In this book, I have tried to give the reader, the coffee grower and the coffee lover in particular, an insight into the romance of coffee – it’s fascinating history, many charming facets of coffee culture, its symbiosis with nature and what makes it such a captivating brew. This book was produced with ePustaka - Ink and Weave initiative by Techfiz Inc (hIps://techfiz.com).
Book Synopsis Nature's Matrix by : Ivette Perfecto
Download or read book Nature's Matrix written by Ivette Perfecto and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2009 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landscapes are frequently seen as fragments of natural habitat surrounded by a 'sea' of agriculture. But recent ecological theory shows that the nature of these fragments is not nearly as important for conservation as is the nature of the matrix of agriculture that surrounds them. Local extinctions from conservation fragments are inevitable and must be balanced by migrations if massive extinction is to be avoided. High migration rates only occur in what the authors refer to as 'high quality' matrices, which are created by alternative agroecological techniques, as opposed to the industrial monocultural model of agriculture. The authors argue that the only way to promote such high quality matrices is to work with rural social movements. Their ideas are at odds with the major trends of some of the large conservation organizations that emphasize targeted land purchases of protected areas. They argue that recent advances in ecological research make such a general approach anachronistic and call, rather, for solidarity with the small farmers around the world who are currently struggling to attain food sovereignty.Nature's Matrix proposes a radically new approach to the conservation of biodiversity based on recent advances in the science of ecology plus political realities, particularly in the world's tropical regions.
Book Synopsis Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World by : Christian C. Voigt
Download or read book Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World written by Christian C. Voigt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-07 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on central themes related to the conservation of bats. It details their response to land-use change and management practices, intensified urbanization and roost disturbance and loss. Increasing interactions between humans and bats as a result of hunting, disease relationships, occupation of human dwellings, and conflict over fruit crops are explored in depth. Finally, contributors highlight the roles that taxonomy, conservation networks and conservation psychology have to play in conserving this imperilled but vital taxon. With over 1300 species, bats are the second largest order of mammals, yet as the Anthropocene dawns, bat populations around the world are in decline. Greater understanding of the anthropogenic drivers of this decline and exploration of possible mitigation measures are urgently needed if we are to retain global bat diversity in the coming decades. This book brings together teams of international experts to provide a global review of current understanding and recommend directions for future research and mitigation.
Book Synopsis Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Richard Primack
Download or read book Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Richard Primack and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa comprehensively explores the challenges and potential solutions to key conservation issues in Sub-Saharan Africa. Easy to read, this lucid and accessible textbook includes fifteen chapters that cover a full range of conservation topics, including threats to biodiversity, environmental laws, and protected areas management, as well as related topics such as sustainability, poverty, and human-wildlife conflict. This rich resource also includes a background discussion of what conservation biology is, a wide range of theoretical approaches to the subject, and concrete examples of conservation practice in specific African contexts. Strategies are outlined to protect biodiversity whilst promoting economic development in the region. Boxes covering specific themes written by scientists who live and work throughout the region are included in each chapter, together with recommended readings and suggested discussion topics. Each chapter also includes an extensive bibliography. Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa provides the most up-to-date study in the field. It is an essential resource, available on-line without charge, for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as a handy guide for professionals working to stop the rapid loss of biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere.
