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Author : Sandra G. Harding
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Sex and Scientific Inquiry written by Sandra G. Harding and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sandra G. Harding
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780226316277
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (162 download)
Download or read book Sex and Scientific Inquiry written by Sandra G. Harding and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Pope John XXIII Medical-Moral Research and Education Center
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Sex and Gender written by Pope John XXIII Medical-Moral Research and Education Center and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lee Ellis
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1136874941
Total Pages : 991 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)
Download or read book Sex Differences written by Lee Ellis and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 991 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first to aim at summarizing all of the scientific literature published so far regarding male-female differences and similarities, not only in behavior, but also in basic biology, physiology, health, perceptions, emotions, and attitudes. Results from over 18,000 studies have been condensed into more than 1,900 tables, with each table pertaining to a specific possible sex difference. Even research pertaining to how men and women are perceived (stereotyped) as being different is covered. Throughout this book's eleven years in preparation, no exclusions were made in terms of subject areas, cultures, time periods, or even species. The book is accompanied by downloadable resources containing all 18,000+ references cited in the book. Sex Differences is a monumental resource for any researcher, student, or professional who requires an assessment of the weight of evidence that currently exists regarding any sex difference of interest. It is also suitable as a text in graduate courses pertaining to gender or human sexuality.
Author : Jill A. Fisher
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813550793
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Gender and the Science of Difference written by Jill A. Fisher and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-15 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does contemporary science contribute to our understanding about what it means to be women or men? What are the social implications of scientific claims about differences between "male" and "female" brains, hormones, and genes? How does culture influence scientific and medical research and its findings about human sexuality, especially so-called normal and deviant desires and behaviors? Gender and the Science of Difference examines how contemporary science shapes and is shaped by gender ideals and images. Prior scholarship has illustrated how past cultures of science were infused with patriarchal norms and values that influenced the kinds of research that was conducted and the interpretation of findings about differences between men and women. This interdisciplinary volume presents empirical inquiries into today's science, including examples of gendered scientific inquiry and medical interventions and research. It analyzes how scientific and medical knowledge produces gender norms through an emphasis on sex differences, and includes both U.S. and non-U.S. cases and examples.
Author : Anne Fausto-Sterling
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 1541672909
Total Pages : 621 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (416 download)
Download or read book Sexing the Body written by Anne Fausto-Sterling and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now updated with groundbreaking research, this award-winning classic examines the construction of sexual identity in biology, society, and history. Why do some people prefer heterosexual love while others fancy the same sex? Is sexual identity biologically determined or a product of convention? In this brilliant and provocative book, the acclaimed author of Myths of Gender argues that even the most fundamental knowledge about sex is shaped by the culture in which scientific knowledge is produced. Drawing on astonishing real-life cases and a probing analysis of centuries of scientific research, Fausto-Sterling demonstrates how scientists have historically politicized the body. In lively and impassioned prose, she breaks down three key dualisms -- sex/gender, nature/nurture, and real/constructed -- and asserts that individuals born as mixtures of male and female exist as one of five natural human variants and, as such, should not be forced to compromise their differences to fit a flawed societal definition of normality.
Author : Nancy Tuana
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780253113382
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Feminism and Science written by Nancy Tuana and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 1989-11-22 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "... thoughtful critiques of the myriad issues between women and science." -- Belles Lettres "Outstanding collection of essays that raise the fundamental questions of gender in what we have been taught are objective sciences." -- WATERwheel "... all of the articles are well written, informative, and convincing. Admirable editorial work makes this anthology unusually helpful for scholars and students... Highly recommended... " -- Choice Questioning the objectivity of scientific inquiry, this volume addresses the scope of gender bias in science. The contributors examine the ways in which science is affected by and reinforces sexist biases. The essays reveal science to be a cultural institution, structured by the political, social, and economic values of the culture within which it is practiced.
Author : Helen E. Longino
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691020518
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (25 download)
Download or read book Science as Social Knowledge written by Helen E. Longino and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1990-02-21 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional wisdom has it that the sciences, properly pursued, constitute a pure, value-free method of obtaining knowledge about the natural world. In light of the social and normative dimensions of many scientific debates, Helen Longino finds that general accounts of scientific methodology cannot support this common belief. Focusing on the notion of evidence, the author argues that a methodology powerful enough to account for theories of any scope and depth is incapable of ruling out the influence of social and cultural values in the very structuring of knowledge. The objectivity of scientific inquiry can nevertheless be maintained, she proposes, by understanding scientific inquiry as a social rather than an individual process. Seeking to open a dialogue between methodologists and social critics of the sciences, Longino develops this concept of "contextual empiricism" in an analysis of research programs that have drawn criticism from feminists. Examining theories of human evolution and of prenatal hormonal determination of "gender-role" behavior, of sex differences in cognition, and of sexual orientation, the author shows how assumptions laden with social values affect the description, presentation, and interpretation of data. In particular, Longino argues that research on the hormonal basis of "sex-differentiated behavior" involves assumptions not only about gender relations but also about human action and agency. She concludes with a discussion of the relation between science, values, and ideology, based on the work of Habermas, Foucault, Keller, and Haraway.
Author : Cynthia Russett
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674043022
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)
Download or read book Sexual Science written by Cynthia Russett and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1991-03-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One scarcely knows whether to laugh or cry. The spectacle presented, in Cynthia Russett's splendid book, of nineteenth-century white male scientists and thinkers earnestly trying to prove women inferior to men--thereby providing, along with "savages" and "idiots," an evolutionary buffer between men and animals--is by turns appalling, amusing, and saddening. Surveying the work of real scientists as well as the products of more dubious minds, Russett has produced a learned yet immensely enjoyable chapter in the annals of human folly. At the turn of the century science was successfully challenging the social authority of religion; scientists wielded a power no other group commanded. Unfortunately, as Russett demonstrates, in Victorian sexual science, empiricism tangled with prior belief, and scientists' delineation of the mental and physical differences between men and women was directed to show how and why women were inferior to men. These men were not necessarily misogynists. This was an unsettling time, when the social order was threatened by wars, fierce economic competition, racial and industrial conflict, and the failure of society to ameliorate poverty, vice, crime, illnesses. Just when men needed the psychic lift an adoring dependent woman could give, she was demanding the vote, higher education, and the opportunity to become a wage earner! No other work has treated this provocative topic so completely, nor have the various scientific theories used to marshal evidence of women's inferiority been so thoroughly delineated and debunked. Erudite enough for scholars in the history of science, intellectual history, and the history of women, this book with its stylish presentation will also attract a large nonspecialist audience.
Author : Helen E. Longino
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691209758
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)
Download or read book Science as Social Knowledge written by Helen E. Longino and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional wisdom has it that the sciences, properly pursued, constitute a pure, value-free method of obtaining knowledge about the natural world. In light of the social and normative dimensions of many scientific debates, Helen Longino finds that general accounts of scientific methodology cannot support this common belief. Focusing on the notion of evidence, the author argues that a methodology powerful enough to account for theories of any scope and depth is incapable of ruling out the influence of social and cultural values in the very structuring of knowledge. The objectivity of scientific inquiry can nevertheless be maintained, she proposes, by understanding scientific inquiry as a social rather than an individual process. Seeking to open a dialogue between methodologists and social critics of the sciences, Longino develops this concept of "contextual empiricism" in an analysis of research programs that have drawn criticism from feminists. Examining theories of human evolution and of prenatal hormonal determination of "gender-role" behavior, of sex differences in cognition, and of sexual orientation, the author shows how assumptions laden with social values affect the description, presentation, and interpretation of data. In particular, Longino argues that research on the hormonal basis of "sex-differentiated behavior" involves assumptions not only about gender relations but also about human action and agency. She concludes with a discussion of the relation between science, values, and ideology, based on the work of Habermas, Foucault, Keller, and Haraway.
Author : Thomas K Hubbard
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315432447
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)
Download or read book Censoring Sex Research written by Thomas K Hubbard and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume sheds light on one of the most explosive episodes of censure of academic scholarship in recent decades. Bruce Rind, a former psychology professor at Temple University, investigated sexual relations between male adults and adolescents through history and across cultures, from highly institutionalized relationships in Ancient Greece and Rome, to 33 contemporary cultures including the USA, and among various species. His conclusions that these relations, when consensual, are not always negative was radical, but based in his research findings. Even before publication of an invited article on the topic, he was subjected to intensive attacks, censured, and censored. This book presents a substantially extended version of Rind’s original, unpublished article, plus 12 scholarly responses to his work that argue for or against Rind’s conclusions or offer useful context on his work. For anyone interested in sex research and the academic freedom issues surrounding it, whether supportive of or vehemently opposed to Rind’s ideas, this book is a must-read.
Author : E. Rubenstein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468422804
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)
Download or read book New Directions in Sex Research written by E. Rubenstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pUblication comprises the proceedings of a conference held at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, June 5 -9, 1974. The conference was jointly sponsored by the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at SUNY, Stony Brook, the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University, and the Editor of this journal. Financing for the conference came from the National Institute of Mental Health. The initial planning for the conference was a shared effort of Stanley F. Yolles, Paul Gebhard, Richard Green, and Eli A. Rubinstein. In addition to the planning of the conference and the selection of participants, all four served as program coordinators during the conference to help ensure productive use of the limited time available. Grateful acknowledgment is given for the advice and con sultation of Jack Wiener, George Renaud, and Betty Pickett of the NIMH, who provided assistance in the development of the conference plans. The selection of participants was planned to permit a wide sampling of researchers working in areas of significance to the future of sex research. The titles of the papers listed in the table of contents reveal this broad approach. Furthermore, the remaining participants were included as individuals whose re search and scholarly interests would ensure a multidisciplinary approach to the topics under discussion.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309132978
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (329 download)
Download or read book Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-02 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It's obvious why only men develop prostate cancer and why only women get ovarian cancer. But it is not obvious why women are more likely to recover language ability after a stroke than men or why women are more apt to develop autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Sex differences in health throughout the lifespan have been documented. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health begins to snap the pieces of the puzzle into place so that this knowledge can be used to improve health for both sexes. From behavior and cognition to metabolism and response to chemicals and infectious organisms, this book explores the health impact of sex (being male or female, according to reproductive organs and chromosomes) and gender (one's sense of self as male or female in society). Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health discusses basic biochemical differences in the cells of males and females and health variability between the sexes from conception throughout life. The book identifies key research needs and opportunities and addresses barriers to research. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health will be important to health policy makers, basic, applied, and clinical researchers, educators, providers, and journalists-while being very accessible to interested lay readers.
Author : Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309225256
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Sex-Specific Reporting of Scientific Research written by Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-27 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of women participating in clinical trials has increased during the last two decades, but women are still underrepresented in clinical trials in general. Some of the overall increase can be attributed to the greater number of women-only trials (of therapies for diseases that affect only women). Even when women are included in clinical trials, the results are often not analyzed separately by sex. On August 30, 2011, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice hosted the workshop Sex-Specific Reporting of Scientific Research. The workshop explored the need for sex-specific reporting of scientific results; potential barriers and unintended consequences of sex-specific reporting of scientific results; experiences of journals that have implemented sex-specific requirements, including the challenges and benefits of such editorial policies; and steps to facilitate the reporting of sex-specific results. Presenters and participants included current and former editors of scientific journals, researchers, and scientists and policymakers from government, industry, and nonprofit organizations. Presentations and discussions highlighted the importance to both women and men of having sex-specific data, the problems with sample size and financial constraints for conducting the research, the appropriateness of sex-specific analyses, and the limitations of journal policies to change experimental designs. Sex-Specific Reporting of Scientific Research summarizes the presentations and discussions by the expert panelists during the IOM workshop. The workshop's first session focused on why sex-specific reporting is important. Panelists highlighted historical and current events that have hindered or helped to advance the study of women. In the next session, panelists in academe discussed the challenges of collecting, analyzing, and reporting sex-specific data from the researcher's perspective. That was followed by two panels of leading journal editors who shared their experiences in developing and implementing editorial policies and the implications of sex-specific reporting policies for journals.
Author : Michael W. Wiederman
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135663408
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)
Download or read book Handbook for Conducting Research on Human Sexuality written by Michael W. Wiederman and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human sexuality researchers often find themselves faced with questions that entail conceptual, methodological, or ethical issues for which their professional training or prior experience may not have prepared them. The goal of this handbook is to provide that guidance to students and professionals interested in the empirical study of human sexuality from behavioral and social scientific perspectives. It provides practical and concrete advice about conducting human sexuality research and addresses issues inherent to both general social scientific and specific human sexuality research. This comprehensive resource offers a unique multidisciplinary examination of the specific methodological issues inherent in conducting human sexuality research. The methodological techniques and advances that are familiar to researchers trained in one discipline are often unfamiliar to researchers from other disciplines. This book is intended to help enrich the communication between the various disciplines involved in human sexuality research. Each of the 21 self-standing chapters provides an expert overview of a particular area of research methodology from a variety of academic disciplines. It addresses those issues unique to human sexuality research, such as: * how to measure sexuality variables; * how to design studies, recruit participants, and collect data; * how to consider cultural and ethical issues; and * how to perform and interpret statistical analyses. This book is intended as a reference tool for researchers and students interested in human sexuality from a variety of disciplines, including psychology, sociology, family science, health communication, nursing, medicine, and anthropology.
Author : Leonard Sax, M.D., Ph.D.
Publisher : Harmony
ISBN 13 : 0307419584
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (74 download)
Download or read book Why Gender Matters written by Leonard Sax, M.D., Ph.D. and published by Harmony. This book was released on 2007-12-18 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are boys and girls really that different? Twenty years ago, doctors and researchers didn’t think so. Back then, most experts believed that differences in how girls and boys behave are mainly due to differences in how they were treated by their parents, teachers, and friends. It's hard to cling to that belief today. An avalanche of research over the past twenty years has shown that sex differences are more significant and profound than anybody guessed. Sex differences are real, biologically programmed, and important to how children are raised, disciplined, and educated. In Why Gender Matters, psychologist and family physician Dr. Leonard Sax leads parents through the mystifying world of gender differences by explaining the biologically different ways in which children think, feel, and act. He addresses a host of issues, including discipline, learning, risk taking, aggression, sex, and drugs, and shows how boys and girls react in predictable ways to different situations. For example, girls are born with more sensitive hearing than boys, and those differences increase as kids grow up. So when a grown man speaks to a girl in what he thinks is a normal voice, she may hear it as yelling. Conversely, boys who appear to be inattentive in class may just be sitting too far away to hear the teacher—especially if the teacher is female. Likewise, negative emotions are seated in an ancient structure of the brain called the amygdala. Girls develop an early connection between this area and the cerebral cortex, enabling them to talk about their feelings. In boys these links develop later. So if you ask a troubled adolescent boy to tell you what his feelings are, he often literally cannot say. Dr. Sax offers fresh approaches to disciplining children, as well as gender-specific ways to help girls and boys avoid drugs and early sexual activity. He wants parents to understand and work with hardwired differences in children, but he also encourages them to push beyond gender-based stereotypes. A leading proponent of single-sex education, Dr. Sax points out specific instances where keeping boys and girls separate in the classroom has yielded striking educational, social, and interpersonal benefits. Despite the view of many educators and experts on child-rearing that sex differences should be ignored or overcome, parents and teachers would do better to recognize, understand, and make use of the biological differences that make a girl a girl, and a boy a boy.
Author : David Yun Dai
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000281671
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Scientific Inquiry into Human Potential written by David Yun Dai and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-09 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Inquiry into Human Potential explores the intellectual legacy and contemporary understanding of scientific research on human intelligence, performance, and productivity. Across nineteen chapters, some of the most eminent scholars of learning and psychology recount how they originated, distinguished, measured, challenged, and adapted their theories on the nature and nurture of human potential over decades of scientific research. These accessible, autobiographical accounts cover a spectrum of issues, from the biological underpinnings and developmental nature of human potential to the roles of community, social interaction, and systematic individual differences in cognitive and motivational functioning. Researchers, instructors, and graduate students of education, psychology, sociology, and biology will find this book not only historically informative but inspiring to their own ongoing research journeys, as well.
