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Author : George Moseley Murphy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (747 download)
Download or read book Separation of the Boron Isotopes written by George Moseley Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : William M. White
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319393117
Total Pages : 1680 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (931 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Geochemistry written by William M. White and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-24 with total page 1680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia is a complete and authoritative reference work for this rapidly evolving field. Over 200 international scientists, each experts in their specialties, have written over 330 separate topics on different aspects of geochemistry including geochemical thermodynamics and kinetics, isotope and organic geochemistry, meteorites and cosmochemistry, the carbon cycle and climate, trace elements, geochemistry of high and low temperature processes, and ore deposition, to name just a few. The geochemical behavior of the elements is described as is the state of the art in analytical geochemistry. Each topic incorporates cross-referencing to related articles, and also has its own reference list to lead the reader to the essential articles within the published literature. The entries are arranged alphabetically, for easy access, and the subject and citation indices are comprehensive and extensive. Geochemistry applies chemical techniques and approaches to understanding the Earth and how it works. It touches upon almost every aspect of earth science, ranging from applied topics such as the search for energy and mineral resources, environmental pollution, and climate change to more basic questions such as the Earth’s origin and composition, the origin and evolution of life, rock weathering and metamorphism, and the pattern of ocean and mantle circulation. Geochemistry allows us to assign absolute ages to events in Earth’s history, to trace the flow of ocean water both now and in the past, trace sediments into subduction zones and arc volcanoes, and trace petroleum to its source rock and ultimately the environment in which it formed. The earliest of evidence of life is chemical and isotopic traces, not fossils, preserved in rocks. Geochemistry has allowed us to unravel the history of the ice ages and thereby deduce their cause. Geochemistry allows us to determine the swings in Earth’s surface temperatures during the ice ages, determine the temperatures and pressures at which rocks have been metamorphosed, and the rates at which ancient magma chambers cooled and crystallized. The field has grown rapidly more sophisticated, in both analytical techniques that can determine elemental concentrations or isotope ratios with exquisite precision and in computational modeling on scales ranging from atomic to planetary.
Author : P. A. Bokhan
Publisher : Wiley-VCH
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Laser Isotope Separation in Atomic Vapor written by P. A. Bokhan and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2006 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading Russian scientists, including Nobel laureate, A.M. Prokhorov (1916-2002), this first book on this important technology allows an understanding of the physics of atomic vapor laser isotope separation and new photochemical methods of laser isotope separation. One entire chapter is devoted to chemical reactions of atoms in excited states, while further chapters deal with the separation of isotopes by one photon isotope-selective and coherent isotope-selective two photon excitation of atoms. A final chapter looks at the prospects for the industrial production of isotope products by laser isotope separation. The whole is rounded off by six appendices. - Laser isotope separation in atomic vapors - Laser technique for isotope separation - Chemical reactions of atoms in excited states - Isotope separation by single-photon isotope-selective excitation - Coherent isotope-selective two-photon excitation of atoms - Prospects for industrial isotope production The Authors Petr A. Bokhan Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Vladimir V. Buchanov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Nikolai V. Fateev Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Mikhail M. Kalugin Scanning Laser Company, St. Petersburg, Russia Mishik A. Kazaryan P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Alexander M. Prokhorov (1916-2002) was awarded - jointly with Nikolay G. Basov of the Soviet Union and Charles H. Townes of the United States - the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1964 for fundamental research in quantum electronics. In 1954, Prokhorov became head of the Oscillation Laboratory at the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute and subsequently professor at the Moscow State University. In 1983 he founded the General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and has been recipient of numerous national and international honours and awards. After his death the General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences was renamed 'A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute'. Dmitrij E. Zakrevskii Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Further titles: Brown, Thomas G., Creath, Katherine, Kogelnik, Herwig, Kriss, Michael A., Schmit, Joanna, Weber, Marvin J. (eds.) The Optics Encyclopedia Basic Foundations and Practical Applications. 5 Volumes. 2003 ISBN 3-527-40320-5
Author : Lawrence M. Anovitz
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 1501509225
Total Pages : 884 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Boron written by Lawrence M. Anovitz and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 33 of Reviews in Mineralogy reviews the Mineralogy, Petrology, and Geochemistry of Boron. Contents: Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry of Boron: An Introduction The Crystal Chemistry of Boron Experimental Studies on Borosilicates and Selected Borates Thermochemistry of Borosilicate Melts and Glasses - from Pyrex to Pegmatites Thermodynamics of Boron Minerals: Summary of Structural, Volumetric and Thermochemical Data Continental Borate Deposits of Cenozoic Age Boron in Granitic Rocks and Their Contact Aureoles Experimental Studies of Boron in Granitic Melts Borosilicates (Exclusive of Tourmaline) and Boron in Rock-forming Minerals in Metamorphic Environments Metamorphic Tourmaline and Its Petrologic Applications Tourmaline Associations with Hydrothermal Ore Deposits Geochemistry of Boron and Its Implications for Crustal and Mantle Processes Boron Isotope Geochemistry: An Overview Similarities and Contrasts in Lunar and Terrestrial Boron Geochemistry Electron Probe Microanalysis of Geologic Materials for Boron Analyses of Geological Materials for Boron by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Nuclear Methods for Analysis of Boron in Minerals Parallel Electron Energy-loss Spectroscopy of Boron in Minerals Instrumental Techniques for Boron Isotope Analysis
Author : N. A. Orr
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030323579
Total Pages : 968 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Recent Progress in Few-Body Physics written by N. A. Orr and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-06 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few-body physics covers a rich and wide variety of phenomena, ranging from the very lowest energy scales of atomic and molecular physics to high-energy particle physics. The papers contained in the present volume provide an apercu of recent progress in the field from both the theoretical and experimental perspectives and are based on work presented at the “22nd International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics”. This book is geared towards academics and graduate students involved in the study of systems which present few-body characteristics and those interested in the related mathematical and computational techniques.
Author : Sharon E. Kroening
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book Scientific Investigations Report written by Sharon E. Kroening and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309176697
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Isotopes for Medicine and the Life Sciences written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-01-27 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioactive isotopes and enriched stable isotopes are used widely in medicine, agriculture, industry, and science, where their application allows us to perform many tasks more accurately, more simply, less expensively, and more quickly than would otherwise be possible. Indeed, in many casesâ€"for example, biological tracersâ€"there is no alternative. In a stellar example of "technology transfer" that began before the term was popular, the Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessors has supported the development and application of isotopes and their transfer to the private sector. The DOE is now at an important crossroads: Isotope production has suffered as support for DOE's laboratories has declined. In response to a DOE request, this book is an intensive examination of isotope production and availability, including the education and training of those who will be needed to sustain the flow of radioactive and stable materials from their sources to the laboratories and medical care facilities in which they are used. Chapters include an examination of enriched stable isotopes; reactor and accelerator-produced radionuclides; partnerships among industries, national laboratories, and universities; and national isotope policy.
Author : Gianni Ciofani
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0323389600
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (233 download)
Download or read book Boron Nitride Nanotubes in Nanomedicine written by Gianni Ciofani and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-04-26 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boron Nitride Nanotubes in Nanomedicine compiles, for the first time in a single volume, all the information needed by researchers interested in this promising type of smart nanoparticles and their applications in biomedicine. Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) represent an innovative and extremely intriguing class of nanomaterials. After introducing BNNTs and explaining their preparation and evaluation, the book shows how the physical, chemical, piezoelectric and biocompatibility properties of these nanotubes give rise to their potential uses in biomedicine. Evidence is offered (from both in vitro and in vivo investigations) for how BNNTs can be useful in biomedical and nanomedicine applications such as therapeutic applications, tissue regeneration, nanovectors for drug delivery, and intracellular nanotransducers. - Covers a range of promising biomedical BNNT applications - Provides great value not just to academics but also industry researchers in fields such as materials science, molecular biology, pharmacology, biomedical engineering, and biophysical sciences - Offers evidence for how BNNTs can be useful in biomedical and nanomedicine applications such as therapy, tissue regeneration, nanovectors for drug delivery, and intracellular nanotransducers - Incorporates, for the first time in a single volume, all the information needed by researchers interested in this promising type of smart nanoparticles and their applications in biomedicine
Author : Edward John Catanzaro
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Boric Acid written by Edward John Catanzaro and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108997627
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Lithium Isotopes written by Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium isotopes are a relatively novel tracer of present and past silicate weathering processes. Given that silicate weathering is the primary long-term method by which CO2 is removed from the atmosphere, Li isotope research is going through an exciting phase. We show the weathering processes that fractionate dissolved and sedimentary Li isotope ratios, focusing on weathering intensity and clay formation. We then discuss the carbonate and silicate archive potential of past seawater δ7Li. These archives have been used to examine Li isotope changes across both short and long timescales. The former can demonstrate the rates at which the climate is stabilised from perturbations via weathering, a fundamental piece of the puzzle of the long-term carbon cycle.
Author : J.I. Drever
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9789027719621
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (196 download)
Download or read book The Chemistry of Weathering written by J.I. Drever and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1985-03-31 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several important developments in our understanding of the chemistry of weathering have occurred in the last few years: 1. There has been a major breakthrough in our understanding of the mechanisms controlling the kinetics of sil icate dissolution, and there have been major advances in computer modeling of weathering processes. 2. There has been a growing recognition of the importance of organic solutes in the weathering process, and hence of the inter-relationships between mineral weathering and the terrestrial ecosystem. 3. The impact of acid deposition ("acid rain") has been widely recognized. The processes by which acid deposition is neutral ized are closely related to the processes of normal chemical weathering; an understanding of the chemistry of weathering is thus essential for predicting the effects of acid deposition. 4. More high-qual ity data have become available on the chemical dynamics of smal I watersheds and large river systems, which represent the integrated effects of chemical weathering.
Author : Bärbel Hönisch
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119010632
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Boron Proxies in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology written by Bärbel Hönisch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-13 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions do not only warm our planet but also acidify our oceans. It is currently unclear to which degree Earth’s climate and marine life will be impacted by these changes but information from Earth history, particularly the geochemical signals of past environmental changes stored in the fossil remains of marine organisms, can help us predict possible future changes. This book aims to be a primer for scientists who seek to apply boron proxies in marine carbonates to estimate past seawater carbonate chemistry and atmospheric pCO2. Boron proxies (δ11B and B/Ca) were introduced nearly three decades ago, with subsequent strides being made in understanding their mechanistic functioning. This text reviews current knowledge about the aqueous systematics, the inorganic and biological controls on boron isotope fractionation and incorporation into marine carbonates, as well as the analytical techniques for measurement of boron proxies. Laboratory and field calibrations of the boron proxies are summarized, and similarities between modern calibrations are explored to suggest estimates for proxy sensitivities in marine calcifiers that are now extinct. Example applications illustrate the potential for reconstructing paleo-atmospheric pCO2 from boron isotopes. Also explored are the sensitivity of paleo-ocean acidity and pCO2 reconstructions to boron isotope proxy systematics that are currently less well understood, including the elemental and boron isotopic composition of seawater through time, seawater alkalinity, temperature and salinity, and their collective impact on the uncertainty of paleo-reconstructions. The B/Ca proxy is based on the same mechanistic principles as the boron isotope proxy, but empirical calibrations suggest seawater pH is not the only controlling factor. B/Ca therefore has the potential to provide a second carbonate parameter that could be paired with δ11B to fully constrain the ocean carbonate system, but the associated uncertainties are large. This text reviews and examines what is currently known about the B/Ca proxy systematics. As more scientists embark on characterizing past ocean acidity and atmospheric pCO2, Boron in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology provides a resource to introduce geoscientists to the opportunities and complications of boron proxies, including potential avenues to further refine them.
Author : Rudi van Eldik
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123808758
Total Pages : 535 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)
Download or read book Theoretical and Computational Inorganic Chemistry written by Rudi van Eldik and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-11-22 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advances in Inorganic Chemistry series present timely and informative summaries of the current progress in a variety of subject areas within inorganic chemistry, ranging from bio-inorganic to solid state studies. This acclaimed serial features reviews written by experts in the field and serves as an indispensable reference to advanced researchers. Each volume contains an index, and each chapter is fully referenced. - Features comprehensive reviews on the latest developments - Includes contributions from leading experts in the field - Serves as an indispensable reference to advanced researchers
Author : Allan S. Krass
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100020054X
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation written by Allan S. Krass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1983, this book presents both the technical and political information necessary to evaluate the emerging threat to world security posed by recent advances in uranium enrichment technology. Uranium enrichment has played a relatively quiet but important role in the history of efforts by a number of nations to acquire nuclear weapons and by a number of others to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. For many years the uranium enrichment industry was dominated by a single method, gaseous diffusion, which was technically complex, extremely capital-intensive, and highly inefficient in its use of energy. As long as this remained true, only the richest and most technically advanced nations could afford to pursue the enrichment route to weapon acquisition. But during the 1970s this situation changed dramatically. Several new and far more accessible enrichment techniques were developed, stimulated largely by the anticipation of a rapidly growing demand for enrichment services by the world-wide nuclear power industry. This proliferation of new techniques, coupled with the subsequent contraction of the commercial market for enriched uranium, has created a situation in which uranium enrichment technology might well become the most important contributor to further nuclear weapon proliferation. Some of the issues addressed in this book are: A technical analysis of the most important enrichment techniques in a form that is relevant to analysis of proliferation risks; A detailed projection of the world demand for uranium enrichment services; A summary and critique of present institutional non-proliferation arrangements in the world enrichment industry, and An identification of the states most likely to pursue the enrichment route to acquisition of nuclear weapons.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309072793
Total Pages : 804 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-07-19 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds. Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role. Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups. Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health. This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.
Author : Tyler B. Coplen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Compilation of Minimum and Maximum Isotope Ratios of Selected Elements in Naturally Occurring Terrestrial Materials and Reagents written by Tyler B. Coplen and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documented variations in the isotopic compositions of some chemical elements are responsible for expanded uncertainties in the standard atomic weights published by the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. This report summarizes reported variations in the isotopic compositions of 20 elements that are due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay) and their effects on the standard atomic weight uncertainties. For 11 of those elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, copper, and selenium), standard atomic weight uncertainties have been assigned values that are substantially larger than analytical uncertainties because of common isotope abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin. For 2 elements (chromium and thallium), recently reported isotope abundance variations potentially are large enough to result in future expansion of their atomic weight uncertainties. For 7 elements (magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, palladium, and tellurium), documented isotope-abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin are too small to have a significant effect on their standard atomic weight uncertainties.
Author : Alirio Rodrigues
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0128020512
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Simulated Moving Bed Technology written by Alirio Rodrigues and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2015-05-23 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulated Moving Bed Technology is one of only a few books solely dedicated to SMB. It aims to equip you with the tools and skills needed for SMB modelling, simulation, design and operation. The theory presented is supported by real-world examples from the petrochemical, sugar and pharma industries.The core of the book focuses on SMB process development and model validation. It explains basic process concepts and definitions, fundamental principles and equations, as well as typical applications and recent advances made to address challenges. Its specialist content makes it a must have book for people working with SMB technology, chemical engineering post-graduate students and process and R&D engineers in industry. - Will provide you with the tools and predictive approaches for use in SMB design and performance assessment - Covers SMB modelling, simulation, design and operation as applied to separation and reaction processes - Discusses process intensification through coupling SMB and reaction in SMBR, membrane permeation and SMBR in PermSMBR and introduces the design of SCPC
