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Author : Kenny Weaver
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (152 download)
Download or read book Separation of Hydrogen Isotopes by Heatless Adsorption written by Kenny Weaver and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ingrid Zaiser
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3736983778
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (369 download)
Download or read book Helium and Hydrogen Isotope Adsorption and Separation in Metal-Organic Frameworks written by Ingrid Zaiser and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The separation of isotopes has always been a challenge because of their identical size, shape and thermodynamic properties. Nowadays, the extraction of deuterium is performed e.g. by the Girdler Sulfid process or cryogenic distillation, which lead to low separation factors (below 2.5) in combination with high energy costs. The standard way to produce helium-3 is to skim it as a byproduct of the radioactive tritium decay. In this thesis, two alternative approaches have been investigated for the separation of light isotopes, Quantum Sieving and Chemical Affinity Sieving . While Quantum Sieving is based on confinement in small pores, Chemical Affinity Sieving relies on strong adsorption sites. Both methods use the mass difference of the isotopes, which is related to their zero-point energy. The microporous metal-organic frameworks are excellent candidates for studying these quantum effects due to their well-defined pore structure and the possibility to introduce strong adsorption sites directly into the framework. The samples have been exposed to an isotope mixture and the adsorbed quantity of each isotope was detected by low-temperature thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The ratio of the desorbed amount of the isotopes leads directly to the selectivity (separation factor). The selectivity is determined as a function of exposure time and temperature and exhibits the highest value of 25 observed for hydrogen isotopes at temperatures well above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen.
Author : Charles E. Hamrin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (127 download)
Download or read book Isotope Separation by Parametric Pumping and Heatless Adsorption written by Charles E. Hamrin and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Katharine Harp Rigdon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)
Download or read book A Gas Flow-Through System for Hydrogen Isotopic Separation with Metal-Organic Frameworks written by Katharine Harp Rigdon and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, we designed and built a gas flow-through system to study dynamic adsorption separation of hydrogen isotopes in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). MOFs are porous, crystalline materials composed of metal complexes connected by organic linkers. They have been proposed as a cheaper, more energy efficient approach to hydrogen isotope separation than current industrial methods. We have previously found evidence of a zero-point energy-based separation mechanism for hydrogen isotopes in two MOFs: Co-MOF-74 and Cu(I)-MFU-4l. This mechanism, chemical affinity quantum sieving (CAQS), has been extensively studied under static equilibrium conditions. The system in this work was developed so that CAQS could be studied under dynamic conditions that more closely resemble those in industrial separation. Breakthrough analysis is an established technique for studying dynamic separation in porous materials. Generally, a breakthrough experiment involves flowing a gas mixture through a fixed bed of adsorbent material and measuring the composition of the effluent flow. In this work, a 1:1 mixture of common hydrogen and its isotope deuterium was flowed through 71 mg of Co-MOF-74 or 22 mg of Cu(I)-MFU-4l. A quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to monitor the composition of the effluent flow. We saw preferential adsorption of deuterium over common hydrogen in Co-MOF-74 at 77K and Cu(I)-MFU-4l at 170K, 140K, and 110K. This behavior was absent in Cu(I)-MFU-4l at 77K, a phenomenon that we would like to investigate further. Minimal adsorption occurred in both MOFs at room temperature, as expected. A selectivity of deuterium over common hydrogen was calculated for each temperature. These selectivities were approximately 30% lower than comparable literature values. Our goal is to make improvements to our system and methods to measure the selectivity more accurately and reproducibly. Notably, all measured selectivities were higher than the selectivity of the Girdler Sulfide method and cryogenic distillation, two industrial hydrogen isotope separation processes we are trying to improve on. This new system gives us the capability to study dynamic adsorption and kinetic separation of hydrogen isotopes in metal-organic frameworks going forward. We hope that our work will inform the development of efficient, environmentally sustainable separation processes.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1166 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Naiyuan Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 63 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Hydrogen Isotope Separation in Metal-Organic Frameworks written by Naiyuan Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis we present our research on hydrogen isotope separation using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Deuterium is one of the two stable isotopes of hydrogen. Despite its wide range of application, currently there is no ideal industrial method that can separate deuterium in a fast and efficient fashion. MOFs are a class of porous materials consisting of metal ions or clusters connected by organic ligands. They have shown great potential in separating hydrogen isotopes via quantum sieving effect. In this thesis, we first provide background on two state-of-art MOFs, Co-MOF-74 and Cu(I)-MFU-4l. Then we elaborate on the statistical theory of selectivity, the mechanism of separation and the basic idea of mass spectrometry, which is the main analytical technique used in this project. We present temperature programmed desorption (TPD) spectra for both samples. Direct separation measurement is made with Co-MOF-74. We confirm that TPD spectra can predict the results of direct separation measurements. The TPD spectra of Cu(I)-MFU-4l predict a selectivity of approximately 6 at easily accessible temperatures (~260K). This shows the practicality of using Cu(I)-MFU-4l for hydrogen isotope separation. Preferential adsorption separation is also performed with Co-MOF-74. The extracted activation energy agrees to within 10% of literature predictions based on quantum zero point energy models.
Download or read book Separation of Hydrogen Isotopes Via Single Column Pressure Swing Adsorption written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Separation of hydrogen isotopes based on kinetic isotope effects was studied. The mixture separated was hydrogen containing a trace of tritium as HT and the hydride was vanadium monohydride. The separation was achieved using the single-column pressure swing process. Stage separation factors are larger and product cuts smaller than for a two-column pressure swing process operated in the same monohydride phase.
Author : Boris Mikhailovich Andreev
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080468098
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Separation of Isotopes of Biogenic Elements in Two-phase Systems written by Boris Mikhailovich Andreev and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-01 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Separation of Isotopes of Biogenic Elements provides a detailed overview of this area of research covering all aspects from the value of isotope effects to their practical use (equilibrium single-stage isotope effect - kinetics and mass transfer – multiplication of the single-stage isotope separation factor - technological peculiarity of processes) with the purpose of extraction from the natural mixture of the enriched and highly concentrated isotopes. In contrast to traditional books on the theory of isotope separation, the theoretical part of the book describes separation in two-phase processes in counter-flow columns. The experimental part of the book presents systematic analysis of specialists in the field of isotope separation in counter-flow columns. This book will be of interest to scientists, engineers and technical workers engaged in isotope separation processes and isotope application in nuclear physics, medicine, agro-chemistry, biology and other areas. This book may also be used in teaching theory and practical aspects in courses on physical chemistry and Isotope separation of light elements by physicochemical methods. * summarises current state of isotope research, especially biogenic elements* covering all aspects from the value of isotope effects to their practical use* of interest to scientists, engineers and technical workers engaged in isotope separation processes and isotope application
Author : R. Vogd
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book THE SEPARATION OF HYDROGEN ISOTOPES ON MOLECULAR SIEVES BY GAS ADSORPTIONCHROMATOGRAPHY. (IN GERMAN). written by R. Vogd and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Isotope Separation and Isotope Exchange written by and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard R. Foster
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Electrolytic Separation Factors for Hydrogen Isotopes written by Richard R. Foster and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : MARTIN. SHADDAY
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book A Transient Model of Induced Natural Circulation Thermal Cycling for Hydrogen Isotope Separation written by MARTIN. SHADDAY and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The property of selective temperature dependence of adsorption and desorption of hydrogen isotopes by palladium is used for isotope separation. A proposal to use natural circulation of nitrogen to alternately heat and cool a packed bed of palladium coated beads is under active investigation, and a device consisting of two interlocking natural convection loops is being designed. A transient numerical model of the device has been developed to aid the design process. It is a one-dimensional finite-difference model, using the Boussinesq approximation. The thermal inertia of the pipe walls and other heat structures as well as the heater control logic is included in the model. Two system configurations were modeled and results are compared.
Author : Diran Basmadjian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (223 download)
Download or read book The Separation of Hydrogen and Deuterium by Selective Adsorption written by Diran Basmadjian and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Comparison of Methods for Separating Small Quantities of Hydrogen Isotopes from an Inert Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is frequent within tritium processing systems that a small amount of hydrogen isotopes (Q2) must be separated from an inert gas such as He, Ar and N2. Thus, a study of presently available technologies for effecting such a separation was performed. A base case and seven technology alternatives were identified and a simple design of each was prepared. These technologies included oxidation-adsorption-metal bed reduction, oxidation-adsorption-palladium membrane reactor, cryogenic adsorption, cryogenic trapping, cryogenic distillation, hollow fiber membranes, gettering and permeators. It was found that all but the last two methods were unattractive for recovering Q2 from N2. Reasons for technology rejection included (1) the method unnecessarily turns the hydrogen isotopes into water, resulting in a cumbersome and more hazardous operation, (2) the method would not work without further processing, and (3) while the method would work, it would only do so in an impractical way. On the other hand, getters and permeators were found to be attractive methods for this application. Both of these methods would perform the separation in a straightforward, essentially zero-waste, single step operation. The only drawback for permeators was that limited low-partial Q2 pressure data is available. The drawbacks for getters are their susceptibility to irreversible and exothermic reaction with common species such as oxygen and water, and the lack of long-term operation of such beds. More research is envisioned for both of these methods to mature these attractive technologies.
Author : O. N. Salmon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Electrolytic Separation of Hydrogen Isotopes by Migration Through a Palladium Membrane written by O. N. Salmon and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Recent Advances in SRS on Hydrogen Isotope Separation Using Thermal Cycling Absorption Process written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent Thermal Cycling Absorption Process (TCAP) advances at Savannah River Site (SRS) include compressor-free concept for heating/cooling, push and pull separation using an active inverse column, and compact column design. The new developments allow significantly higher throughput and better reliability from 1/10th of the current production system's footprint while consuming 60% less energy. Various versions are derived in the meantime for external customers to be used in fusion energy projects and medical isotope production.
Author : Howard K. Rae
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (45 download)
Download or read book Separation of Hydrogen Isotopes written by Howard K. Rae and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
