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Separation Of Fischer Tropsch Wax Products From Ultrafine Iron Catalyst Particles
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Book Synopsis Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax Products from Ultrafine Iron Catalyst Particles by :
Download or read book Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax Products from Ultrafine Iron Catalyst Particles written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fundamental filtration study was started to investigate the separation of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) liquids from iron-based catalyst particles. Slurry-phase FTS in slurry bubble column reactor systems is the preferred mode of operation since the reaction is highly exothermic. Consequently, heavy wax products in one approach may be separated from catalyst particles before being removed from the reactor system. Achieving an efficient wax product separation from iron-based catalysts is one of the most challenging technical problems associated with slurry-phase iron-based FTS and is a key factor for optimizing operating costs. The separation problem is further compounded by attrition of iron catalyst particles and the formation of ultra-fine particles.
Book Synopsis Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax Products from Ultrafine Iron Catalyst Particles by : Burtron H. Davis
Download or read book Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax Products from Ultrafine Iron Catalyst Particles written by Burtron H. Davis and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The morphological and chemical nature of ultrafine iron catalyst particles (3-5 nm diameters) during activation/FTS was studied by HRTEM, EELS, and Moessbauer spectroscopy. With the progress of FTS, the carbide re-oxidized to magnetite and catalyst activity gradually decreased. The growth of oxide phase continued and average particle size also increased simultaneously. The phase transformation occurred in a ''growing oxide core'' manner with different nano-zones. The nano-range carbide particles did not show fragmentation or attrition as generally observed in micrometer range particles. Nevertheless, when the dimension of particles reached the micrometer range, the crystalline carbide phase appeared to be sprouted on the surface of magnetite single crystal. In the previous reporting period, a design and operating philosophy was developed for an integrated wax filtration system for a 4 liter slurry bubble column reactor to be used in Phase II of this research program. During the current reporting period, we have started construction of the new filtration system and began modifications to the 4 liter slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR) reactor. The system will utilize a primary wax separation device followed by a Pall Accusep or Membralox ceramic cross-flow membrane. As of this writing, the unit is nearly complete except for the modification of a moyno-type pump; the pump was shipped to the manufacturer to install a special leak-free, high pressure seal.
Book Synopsis Advances in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Catalysis by : B. H. Davis
Download or read book Advances in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Catalysis written by B. H. Davis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-10 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising oil costs have stimulated significant interest in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) as a method for producing a synthetic petroleum substitute. Drawn from the proceedings at a symposium held during the 236th meeting of the American Chemical Society in Philadelphia in August 2008, Advances in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Cataly
Book Synopsis Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst by Supercritical Extraction by :
Download or read book Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst by Supercritical Extraction written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Further progress in achieving the objectives of the project was made in the period of January I to March 31, 1998. The direct numerical simulation of particle removal process in turbulent gas flows was completed. Variations of particle trajectories are studied. It is shown that the near wall vortices profoundly affect the particle removal process in turbulent boundary layer flows. Experimental data for transport and deposition of fibrous particles in the aerosol wind tunnel was obtained. The measured deposition velocity for irregular fibrous particles is compared with the empirical correlation and the available data for glass fibers and discussed. Additional progress on the sublayer model for evaluating the particle deposition and resuspension in turbulent flows was made.
Book Synopsis Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction by :
Download or read book Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Fuels and Chemicals by : Mark Crocker
Download or read book Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Fuels and Chemicals written by Mark Crocker and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2010 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date overview on the conversion of thermochemical biomass to fuels and chemicals is written by experts in the field.
Book Synopsis Nanotechnology for the Energy Challenge by : Javier García-Martínez
Download or read book Nanotechnology for the Energy Challenge written by Javier García-Martínez and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the daunting energy challenges faced by Mankind in the 21st century, revolutionary new technologies will be the key to a clean, secure and sustainable energy future. Nanostructures often have surprising and very useful capabilities and are thus paving the way for new methodologies in almost every kind of industry. This exceptional monograph provides an overview of the subject, and presents the current state of the art with regard to different aspects of sustainable production, efficient storage and low-impact use of energy. Comprised of eighteen chapters, the book is divided in three thematic parts: Part I Sustainable Energy Production covers the main developments of nanotechnology in clean energy production and conversion, including photovoltaics, hydrogen production, thermal-electrical energy conversion and fuel cells. Part II Efficient Energy Storage is concerned with the potential use of nanomaterials in more efficient energy storage systems such as advanced batteries, supercapacitors and hydrogen storage. Part III Energy Sustainability shows how nanotechnology helps to use energy more efficiently, and the mitigation of impacts to the environment, with special emphasis on energy savings through green nanofabrication, advanced catalysis, nanostructured light-emitting and eletrochromic devices and CO2 capture by nanoporous materials . An essential addition to any bookshelf, it will be invaluable to a variety of research fields including materials science, chemical engineering, solid state, surface, industrial, and physical chemistry, as this is a subject that is very interdisciplinary.
Book Synopsis Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst by Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Technical Progress Report, January-March 1995 by :
Download or read book Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst by Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Technical Progress Report, January-March 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1, 1995-September 31, 1995 by :
Download or read book Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1, 1995-September 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, 1 October 1995--31 December 1995 by :
Download or read book Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, 1 October 1995--31 December 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research project is to evaluate the potential of supercritical fluid (SCF) extraction for separating the catalyst slurry of a Fischer-Tropsch slurry bubble column (SBC) reactor into two fractions: (1) a catalyst-free wax containing less than 10 ppm particulate matter and (2) a concentrated catalyst slurry that is ready for recycle or regeneration. The wax will be extracted with a hydrocarbon solvent that has a critical temperature near the operating temperature of the SBC reactor, i.e., 200-300°C. Initial work is being performed using n-hexane as the solvent. During the reporting period, work on the small-scale, continuous-flow apparatus continued. Initial experiments have been performed on a binary mixture of n-hexane (solvent) and squalane (model compound) at 200°C. A total of fifteen samples were collected at 135, 160, and 208 psig, with pressures being controlled to within "2 psi. Results indicate that the equilibrium phase compositions can in principle be measured to a reproducibility of "0.5% in the squalane-rich bottomphase and "2% in the hexane-rich top phase, with respect to the minor component. However, other data measured at these same conditions at another time exhibited scatter that was as much as 5 times greater. We believe that improvements in (1) the method of preheating the feed to the view cell/phase separator and to (2) the sample collection technique are required before data of high accuracy can consistently be generated. The apparatus modifications required to effect these improvements are currently underway and should be completed by the middle of February.
Book Synopsis Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, 1 January 1996--31 March 1996 by :
Download or read book Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, 1 January 1996--31 March 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research project is to evaluate the potential of supercritical fluid extraction for separating the catalyst slurry of a Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry bubble column (SBC) reactor into two fractions: (1) a catalyst-free wax containing less than 10 ppm particulate matter and (2) a concentrated catalyst slurry that is ready for recycle or regeneration. The wax will be extracted with a hydrocarbon solvent that has a critical temperature near the operating temperature of the SBC reactor, i.e., 200--300 °C. Initial work is being performed using n-hexane as the solvent. The success of the project depends on two major factors. First, the supercritical solvent must be able to dissolve the F-T wax; furthermore, this must be accomplished without entraining the solid catalyst. Second, the extraction must be controlled so as not to favor the removal of the low molecular weight wax compounds, i.e., a constant carbon-number distribution of the alkanes in the wax slurry must be maintained at steady-state column operation. During this quarter work focused on task 1b, experimental measurement of selected model systems. Vapor-liquid equilibrium experiments for the n- hexane/squalane system, which we initiated in the previous quarter, were continued and results are discussed in this report.
Book Synopsis Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1996--June 30, 1996 by :
Download or read book Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1996--June 30, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research project is to evaluate the potential of SCF extraction for separating the catalyst slurry of a Fischer- Tropsch (F-T) slurry bubble column (SBC) reactor into two fractions: (1) a catalyst-free wax containing less than 10 ppm particulate matter and (2) a concentrated catalyst slurry that is ready for recycle or regeneration. The wax will be extracted with a hydrocarbon solvent that has a critical temperature near the operating temperature of the SBC reactor, i.e., 200-300°C. Initial work is being performed using n-hexane as the solvent. The success of the project depends on two major factors. First, the supercritical solvent must be able to dissolve the F-T wax; furthermore, this must be accomplished without entraining the solid catalyst. Second, the extraction must be controlled so as not to favor the removal of the low molecular weight wax compounds, i.e., a constant carbon-number distribution of the alkanes in the wax slurry must be maintained at steady-state column operation. To implement our objectives, the following task structure is being implemented: Task 1 equilibrium solubility measurements; Task 2 thermodynamic modeling; and Task 3 process design studies. Progress reports are presented for each task.
Book Synopsis Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst by Supercritical Extraction. Quarterly Progress Report, October 1, 1996--December 31, 1996 by :
Download or read book Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst by Supercritical Extraction. Quarterly Progress Report, October 1, 1996--December 31, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major objectives of this research project is to predict the phase behavior of model wax compounds in dense supercritical fluids such as hexane. Because initial results with the SAFT equation have been less promising than expected, the group at North Carolina State University has focused their recent attention on cubic equations of state, in particular the Peng-Robinson and Soave-Redlich-Kwong versions. The focus of this work has been on developing correlations that can be used to predict binary interaction parameters (i.e., k{sub ij}s) for a given binary wax-solvent system. As a first step, k{sub ij}s were first calculated from experimental data on systems containing alkanes between nC4 and nC23 at temperatures between 25 and 357° C. Attempts were then made to correlate these parameters with specific pure component properties of the alkanes of interest. Reasonably good agreement between experimental and predicted k{sub ij}s was found using a correlation that incorporates both temperature and the molecular size of the alkanes. As phase equilibrium data becomes available for higher molecular weight model wax compounds, the ability of the correlation to handle such systems will need to be tested. The phase equilibrium apparatus is currently undergoing modifications that will allow the system to run components that are solids at ambient temperatures. Some problems are still being resolved, as the heavy component tends to precipitate in the sample lines. Modifications have been made that should allow the system to operate reliably.
Book Synopsis Catalysis in the Refining of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude by : Arno de Klerk
Download or read book Catalysis in the Refining of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude written by Arno de Klerk and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2010 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to provide a review of the literature on the catalysis needed to refine syncrude to transportation fuels.
Book Synopsis Fischer-Tropsch Refining by : Arno de Klerk
Download or read book Fischer-Tropsch Refining written by Arno de Klerk and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-12-21 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fischer-Tropsch process is gaining recognition again due to the world-wide increase in energy needs and decrease in oil availability. The increasing interest in utilizing biomass as a potential renewable feedstock in energy generation is further supporting this development. The book covers the production and refining of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude to fuels and chemicals systematically and comprehensively, presenting a wealth of new knowledge and material. As such, it deals extensively with aspects of engineering, chemistry and catalysis. This handbook and ready reference adopts a fundamental approach, looking at the molecules and their transformation from feed to product. Numerous examples illustrate the possibilities and limitations of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude as feesdstock. Of great interest to everyone interested in refining - not just Fischer-Tropsch specialists. From the Contents: Fischer-Tropsch Facilities and Refineries at a Glance Production of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude Industrial Fischer-Tropsch Facilities Synthetic Transportation Fuels Refining Technology Refinery Design
Book Synopsis Process for Upgrading Wax from Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis by :
Download or read book Process for Upgrading Wax from Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The waxy liquid phase of an oil suspension of Fischer-Tropsch catalyst containing dissolved wax is separated out and the wax is converted by hydrocracking, dewaxing or by catalytic cracking with a low activity catalyst to provide a highly olefinic product which may be further converted to premium quality gasoline and/or distillate fuel.
Book Synopsis The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis by : Robert Bernard Anderson
Download or read book The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by Robert Bernard Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
