Semiannual Report Of The Latin America And Caribbean Region Fall 2020

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Semiannual Report of the Latin America And Caribbean Region Fall, 2020

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464816506
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Semiannual Report of the Latin America And Caribbean Region Fall, 2020 by : World Bank

Download or read book Semiannual Report of the Latin America And Caribbean Region Fall, 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latin America and the Caribbean was hit hard by the Covid-19 pandemic, which arrived on the back of years of disappointing economic growth and limited social progress, and after a wave of social unrest. This report reviews the impacts of the crisis as well as the policy responses by countries, which often involved sizeable social transfers. It also presents growth forecasts, and quarterly growth estimates based on satellite imagery. With countries experiencing a diverse mix of health costs and economic costs, the report analyzes how the effectiveness of containment policies, and their impact on economic activity, differ between richer and poorer countries. It also assesses the cost of staying healthy in normal times, showing how it is affected by the structure of the domestic pharmaceutical sector and by the effectiveness of public procurement of medicines. As the region may have to live with the virus for a while, four policy directions are proposed for discussion.

Primary and Secondary Education During Covid-19

Author : Fernando M. Reimers
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030815005
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Primary and Secondary Education During Covid-19 by : Fernando M. Reimers

Download or read book Primary and Secondary Education During Covid-19 written by Fernando M. Reimers and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access edited volume is a comparative effort to discern the short-term educational impact of the covid-19 pandemic on students, teachers and systems in Brazil, Chile, Finland, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Singapore, Spain, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. One of the first academic comparative studies of the educational impact of the pandemic, the book explains how the interruption of in person instruction and the variable efficacy of alternative forms of education caused learning loss and disengagement with learning, especially for disadvantaged students. Other direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic diminished the ability of families to support children and youth in their education. For students, as well as for teachers and school staff, these included the economic shocks experienced by families, in some cases leading to food insecurity and in many more causing stress and anxiety and impacting mental health. Opportunity to learn was also diminished by the shocks and trauma experienced by those with a close relative infected by the virus, and by the constrains on learning resulting from students having to learn at home, where the demands of schoolwork had to be negotiated with other family necessities, often sharing limited space. Furthermore, the prolonged stress caused by the uncertainty over the resolution of the pandemic and resulting from the knowledge that anyone could be infected and potentially lose their lives, created a traumatic context for many that undermined the necessary focus and dedication to schoolwork. These individual effects were reinforced by community effects, particularly for students and teachers living in communities where the multifaceted negative impacts resulting from the pandemic were pervasive. This is an open access book.

Europe and Central Asia Economic Update, Spring 2021

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464816980
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Europe and Central Asia Economic Update, Spring 2021 by : World Bank

Download or read book Europe and Central Asia Economic Update, Spring 2021 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments play a critical role in the economies of Europe and Central Asia, where government expenditures are close to 40 percent of gross domestic product and the public sector accounts for nearly 27 percent of total employment, which is almost twice the global average. The public sector often attracts some of the best educated workers in the region. And support for a larger public sector is increasing due to aging populations and their growing health care and long-term care needs, rising inequality and greater support for redistribution, and increasing expenditures as governments address the challenges posed by the COVID-19 crisis. The significant role that government plays underscores the importance of the quality of governance in determining productivity and growth and effectively responding to the region’s economic and social challenges. Digital technology and the data revolution offer the potential to increase efficiency, transparency, responsiveness, and citizen trust, directly impacting the quality of government. Across the world, the quality of government is increasingly informed by the extent to which governments harness digital tools and GovTech to optimize management, service delivery, and overall state capacity. Technology and data are also key for fostering collaboration between governments and civil society to improve public sector efficiency and service delivery. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the costs associated with delaying digitalization and GovTech implementation and the opportunities that lie in public sector modernization.

Global Economic Prospects, June 2020

Author : World Bank Group
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464815801
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Economic Prospects, June 2020 by : World Bank Group

Download or read book Global Economic Prospects, June 2020 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic has, with alarming speed, dealt a heavy blow to an already-weak global economy, which is expected to slide into its deepest recession since the second world war, despite unprecedented policy support. The global recession would be deeper if countries take longer to bring the pandemic under control, if financial stress triggers defaults, or if there are protracted effects on households and firms. Economic disruptions are likely to be more severe and protracted in emerging market and developing economies with larger domestic outbreaks and weaker medical care systems; greater exposure to international spillovers through trade, tourism, and commodity and financial markets; weaker macroeconomic frameworks; and more pervasive informality and poverty. Beyond the current steep economic contraction, the pandemic is likely to leave lasting scars on the global economy by undermining consumer and investor confidence, human capital, and global value chains. Being mostly a reflection of the recent plunge in global energy demand, low oil prices are unlikely to provide much of a boost to global growth in the near term. While policymakers' immediate priorities are to address the health crisis and moderate the short-term economic losses, the likely long-term consequences of the pandemic highlight the need to forcefully undertake comprehensive reform programs to improve the fundamental drivers of economic growth, once the crisis abates. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by these economies, while the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces.

Talent Management in Latin America

Author : Jordi Trullen
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000416534
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Talent Management in Latin America by : Jordi Trullen

Download or read book Talent Management in Latin America written by Jordi Trullen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-05-09 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a period of about 20 years, Latin America (LATAM) moved from having highly unstable closed economies ruled by authoritarian regimes, to becoming more democratic, stable and open to investment and trade, attracting by 2020 close to 11% of world total foreign direct investment. In parallel, the region has seen the emergence of large multinational companies (so called multilatinas), which have become true global players. There is still relatively little knowledge about how to manage employees in these countries and there is a need for more research addressing people management problems. In comparison with other world regions, Human Resource Management research on Latin America remains scarce. Focusing on this region, this book seeks to offer a more up to date review of the main developments in HRM and talent management that have recently occurred in Latin America, paying attention to local cultural and institutional factors; illustrate examples of idiosyncratic problems or issues that require approaches to TM that differ significantly from those commonly established in current literature; and describe and reflect on the transfer of Talent Management policies from and to LATAM within the context of local and foreign multinational companies. Talent Management in Latin America updates main HRM topics in Latin America, with a local focus on culture and institutions. It shows the latest state of knowledge on the topic and will be of interest both to researchers, academics, and students in the fields of human resource management, critical management studies, and international business.

Business Power and the State in the Central Andes

Author : John Crabtree
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822990040
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Business Power and the State in the Central Andes by : John Crabtree

Download or read book Business Power and the State in the Central Andes written by John Crabtree and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2023-11-07 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This coauthored monograph examines how business groups have interacted with state authorities in the three central Andean countries from the mid-twentieth century through the early twenty-first. This time span covers three distinct economic regimes: the period of state-led import substitutive industrialization from the 1950s through the 1970s, the neoliberalism of the 1980s and 1990s, and the post-neoliberal period since the earlier 2000s. These three countries share many similarities but also have important differences that reveal how power is manifested. Peru has had an almost unbroken hegemony of business elites who leverage their power over areas of state activity that affect them. Bolivia, by contrast, shows how strong social movements have challenged business dominance at crucial periods, reflecting a weaker elite class that is less able to exercise influence over decision-making. Ecuador falls in between these two, with business elites being more fragmented than in Peru and social movements being weaker than in Bolivia. The authors analyze the viability of these different regimes and economic models, why they change in specific circumstances, and how they affect the state and its citizens.

Pandemnomics: The Pandemic's Lasting Economic Effects

Author : Bernur Açıkgöz
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811680248
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Pandemnomics: The Pandemic's Lasting Economic Effects by : Bernur Açıkgöz

Download or read book Pandemnomics: The Pandemic's Lasting Economic Effects written by Bernur Açıkgöz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively addresses the economic and social implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. In each chapter of the book, the effects of the pandemic on different economic and financial sectors are discussed. The book tackles many topics and issues that are of relevance in the post-pandemic world. Some of these issues are the effects of the pandemic on countries' budgets, tax systems, financial and economic policies, and management, in addition, the evaluation of the pandemic in terms of migration and refugees, the historic comparison of its effects with other pandemics, the social media reflections of the pandemic and the global governance discussions. The book also considers the effects of pandemic on the use of digital currencies and the effects of digitalization of employment and robot employment.

Global Economic Prospects, January 2021

Author : World Bank Group
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464816131
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Economic Prospects, January 2021 by : World Bank Group

Download or read book Global Economic Prospects, January 2021 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the global economy is emerging from the collapse triggered by COVID-19, the recovery is likely to be subdued, and global GDP is projected to remain well below its pre-pandemic trend for a prolonged period. Several risks cloud the outlook, including those related to the pandemic and to rapidly rising debt. The pandemic has further diminished already-weak growth prospects for the next decade. Decisive policy actions will be critical in raising the likelihood of better growth outcomes while warding off worse ones. Immediate priorities include supporting vulnerable groups and ensuring a prompt and widespread vaccination process to bring the pandemic under control. Although macroeconomic policy support will continue to be important, limited fiscal policy space amid high debt highlights the need for an ambitious reform agenda that bolsters growth prospects. To address many of these challenges, global cooperation will be key. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by these economies, while the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces.

Circular Economy

Author : Tao Zhang
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1838801669
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (388 download)

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Book Synopsis Circular Economy by : Tao Zhang

Download or read book Circular Economy written by Tao Zhang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-02-10 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays, the restriction of resources and the environment is very severe. A circular economy is the only way to sustainable development, but how this works still needs more exploration. The series of studies carried out by the author are described in detail in this book.

Deep Trade Agreements

Author : Nadia Rocha
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464818428
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Deep Trade Agreements by : Nadia Rocha

Download or read book Deep Trade Agreements written by Nadia Rocha and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2022-09-13 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally, greater integration in international trade and global value chains (GVCs) has been linked to increased GDP per capita and productivity. Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries have displayed limited trade openness and weak integration into GVCs. Their trade is roughly one-third of GDP on average, compared with one-half in countries in Europe and Central Asia, as well as East Asia and the Pacific—and that share has not grown since 2000. Although the gaps between potential and actual GVC integration are the result of economic fundamentals—such as geography, market size, institutions, and factor endowments—policy choices matter as well. The region has untapped potential in trade and GVCs to grow in the wake of COVID-19 (coronavirus). Deep trade agreements are reciprocal agreements between countries that seek integration of goods, services, and factors’ markets, or deep integration. Drawing on new data and evidence, Deep Trade Agreements: Anchoring Global Value Chains in Latin America and the Caribbean shows that these agreements can drive policy reforms that can help the region overcome some of its disadvantageous fundamentals. Four areas of deep integration—trade facilitation, regulatory cooperation, services, and state support—are priorities to improve the participation of countries in the region in GVC: 1. Facilitating trade can reduce border delays and ease the challenges caused by the remoteness of some countries. 2. Improving regulatory cooperation can help create larger regional markets by reducing the costs of nontariff measures. 3. Opening the service economy can compensate for factor endowment scarcity and facilitate access to skills and technology. 4. Fostering competition and regulating state support and state-owned enterprises can improve the quality of economic institutions. These areas are increasingly important as global trade tensions persist and economies recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. In these times of uncertainty and upheaval, the policy commitments in deep trade agreements can create a more stable institutional environment to promote the ability of countries to participate in GVCs and to reap the benefits of integration. This work is a product of the regional studies program sponsored by the Latin America and the Caribbean Chief Economist’s Office.

Tropentag 2020 – International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development

Author : Eric Tielkes
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3736965729
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis Tropentag 2020 – International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development by : Eric Tielkes

Download or read book Tropentag 2020 – International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development written by Eric Tielkes and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2022-02-01 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropentag is the largest interdisciplinary conference in Europe on development oriented research in the fields of sub-/tropical agriculture, food security, natural resource management and rural development. Taking place annually, Tropentag 2020 turned out to be a special challenge. Originally planned to take place in Prague, the Corona pandemic did not allow presence in or travel to Prague for prospective participants. ATSAF took on the challenge to organise a virtual Tropentag based on Zoom meetings being streamed on YouTube channels using the Whova as online conference platform from September 7 to 9, 2020.

Global monitoring report on financial protection in health 2021

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9240040951
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Global monitoring report on financial protection in health 2021 by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Global monitoring report on financial protection in health 2021 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-12-10 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2021 Global monitoring report on financial protection in health shows that before the COVID-19 pandemic, the world was off-track to reduce financial hardship due to health expenditures because trends in catastrophic health spending were going in the wrong direction and the number of people incurring impoverishing health spending remained unacceptably high (Chapter 1). Chapter 2 summarizes emerging evidence on the consequence of the pandemic and the related macroeconomic and fiscal crisis that points to the likely worsening of financial protection for households, particularly as a result of declining income and consumption, along with rising poverty and inequality.

The Promise of Integration

Author : Guillermo Beylis
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464819874
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis The Promise of Integration by : Guillermo Beylis

Download or read book The Promise of Integration written by Guillermo Beylis and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2023-04-04 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region has proved to be relatively resilient in the face of increased debt stress, stubborn inflation, and uncertainty arising from the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Income and employment have largely recovered from the pandemic, poverty has receded, and markets remain guardedly optimistic about the near future. However, global uncertainty is rising, including a recent wave of bank failures in the US and Europe. Strengthening resilience, both on the health and macroeconomic fronts, will be paramount. Progress remains pending in both vaccination coverage and health system preparedness, while the institutionality of macroeconomic policy in some countries is being questioned. The evolution of the global economy is providing two new areas of opportunity for the region: the trend toward nearshoring-moving production closer to the US and European markets-and the imperative to combat climate change, which is giving the region a new comparative advantage in sun, wind, hydro, and natural capital. Taking advantage of these will require greater integration into the global economy. Yet, paradoxically, in the face of these opportunities. LAC is becoming less integrated. Trade intensity has largely stagnated, and foreign direct investment (FDI) to most countries has declined. Beyond the long-term structural reforms needed to reduce systemic risk, raise the level and quality of education, invest in infrastructure, and ensure well-functioning financial markets, this report calls to preserve the reputational gains of the past 20 years in terms of macro stability and streamlining regulation dealing with customs and transport to lower the cost of doing business in the region. Export promotion agencies and investment promotion agencies can also help as they have proven track records. A comprehensive approach to both shorter- and longer-term reforms could move LAC toward a renewed and more dynamic engagement with the global economy.

Renewing with Growth

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464817111
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Renewing with Growth by : World Bank

Download or read book Renewing with Growth written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latin America and the Caribbean suffered the largest death toll from Covid†?19 across developing regions and the sharpest decline in economic activity. With fewer school days and lower employment rates, with higher public debt and more firms under stress, the effects could be long†?lasting. The crisis also triggered large†?scale economic restructuring, with productivity higher in the expanding than in the contracting sectors. Accelerated digitization could instill dynamism in finance, trade and labor markets, but it may amplify inequality within and across the countries in the region. Technology could transform the energy sector as well. Latin America and the Caribbean has the cleanest and potentially cheapest electricity generation matrix of all developing regions. But its electricity is the most expensive, due mainly to inefficiencies. Distributed generation within countries and electricity trade across countries, could make energy greener and cheaper, provided that the pricing is right.

America's New Map

Author : Thomas P.M. Barnett
Publisher : BenBella Books
ISBN 13 : 1637744307
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (377 download)

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Book Synopsis America's New Map by : Thomas P.M. Barnett

Download or read book America's New Map written by Thomas P.M. Barnett and published by BenBella Books. This book was released on 2023-09-26 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three tectonic and inevitable shifts have left the world at a crossroads. North America is poised to either re-emerge as a global leader, or turn back in time, ceding power and influence to competitors. The 21st century unleashed unprecedented changes across the globe—to its climate, to the demographic makeup of its nations, and to the very nature of allegiance in the digital age. With its global influence waning, America must reevaluate its approach to globalization if it wishes to remain a leader. In America’s New Map: Restoring Global Leadership in an Era of Climate Change and Demographic Collapse, Thomas P.M. Barnett, bestselling author of The Pentagon’s New Map: War and Peace in the Twenty-First Century and acclaimed geo-strategist, offers seven throughlines to frame and redefine the ambitions and posture of these United States, setting our Union on a bold-but-entirely-familiar national trajectory. In these pages, Barnett offers a deep, yet accessible dive into the three shifts that have lead us to this point: As climate change ravages countries closest to the equator, global dynamics are shifting from an East-West emphasis to North-South in the greatest geopolitical transformation our world has yet experienced—and the Western Hemisphere is far better positioned to exploit this radical reorientation than the East. Aging demographics worldwide favor more slowly aging nations, including the US, while challenging rapidly aging nations like China, incentivizing countries best to delay that transition by integrating younger, faster-growing populations into their ranks. In combination, these two tectonic forces collide with a third: the exploding consumption of an expanding—and now majority—global middle class, the bulk of whom reside along the increasingly unstable North-South frontier. Taking every variable of these unique circumstances into account, America’s New Map charts a path toward a bigger and better United States. We will all be living in somebody’s world come mid-century—this book tells Americans how to make sure it is one we can recognize as our own.

Regional Economic Outlook, October 2021, Western Hemisphere: A Long and Winding Road to Recovery

Author : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513593838
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Economic Outlook, October 2021, Western Hemisphere: A Long and Winding Road to Recovery by : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND.

Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2021, Western Hemisphere: A Long and Winding Road to Recovery written by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An economic recovery is underway in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) but the pandemic still casts shadows on much of the region. The recovery was robust in the first quarter of 2021 but lost momentum in some countries in the second quarter, reflecting the rebound in COVID-19 cases. Real GDP is projected to grow by 6.3 percent in 2021, followed by a more moderate growth of 3 percent in 2022, but would not catch up with pre-pandemic trends in the medium term as persistent weakness in labor markets raises risks of scarring. Broadly favorable external conditions, high commodity prices, and pent-up demand support short-term growth, while monetary and fiscal policy reversals work in the other direction. Risks to the outlook are tilted downward. Main downside risks are the emergence of more transmissible and deadlier COVID-19 variants, tightening of global financial conditions, sovereign debt rollover risks, and social unrest as a year with heavy election schedule looms. Fiscal policy should allocate sufficient resources for health spending, including vaccination, and continue to support households and firms in a more targeted fashion while the pandemic persists, backed by credible assurances of medium-term debt sustainability to maintain access to finance. Monetary policy has started to address inflationary pressures but should continue to support economic activity insofar as the dynamics of inflation expectations permit. If rising inflation threatens to de-anchor inflation expectations, central banks should tighten monetary policy to signal a commitment to inflation targets and avoid persistent increases in inflation. Preemptive and decisive action should be accompanied with clear and transparent communication. Financial policy should shift from blanket support to targeted support of viable firms, to ensure that necessary labor and capital reallocations are not hindered. Supply-side policies should foster inclusive growth, including through progressive and growth-friendly tax reforms and measures to intensify climate change adaptation and mitigation.

Recovering Growth

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464818061
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Recovering Growth by : World Bank

Download or read book Recovering Growth written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-10-06 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After its worst economic crisis in 100 years, Latin America and the Caribbean countries are emerging from the COVID†?19 pandemic. The need to recover dynamic, inclusive, and sustainable growth to redress both the legacy of the pandemic and long†?standing social needs has never been more acute. However, despite progress in some areas, the region is facing a weaker recovery than expected given the favorable international tailwinds and is likely return to the low growth rates of the 2010s. Moreover, growth could be further slowed by both internal and external factors: the emergence of a new variant of the virus, a rise in international interest rates to combat global inflation, and high levels of debt in both the private and public sector. Beyond offering the current macroeconomic outlook of the region and the near†?term challenges it faces, this report explores three broad areas where growth†?advancing policies and reforms could be undertaken within a constrained fiscal context: mobilizing sources of revenue that appear to be growthneutral; improving public spending efficiency to free up resources for other purposes; and reallocating spending to areas with highest growth and social impact.