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Selective Synthesis Of Hydrogen From Aqueous Phase Reforming Of Glycerol Over Supported Metal Catalysts
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Book Synopsis Selective Synthesis of Hydrogen from Aqueous-phase Reforming of Glycerol Over Supported Metal Catalysts by : Mohammad Mizanur Rahman
Download or read book Selective Synthesis of Hydrogen from Aqueous-phase Reforming of Glycerol Over Supported Metal Catalysts written by Mohammad Mizanur Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production by Aqueous-phase Reforming of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons Over Supported Metal Catalysts by : Rupali R. Davda
Download or read book Hydrogen Production by Aqueous-phase Reforming of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons Over Supported Metal Catalysts written by Rupali R. Davda and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aqueous Phase Reforming of Glycerol Over Supported Catalysts by :
Download or read book Aqueous Phase Reforming of Glycerol Over Supported Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conversion from glycerol to hydrogen and oxygenated compounds to produce important renewable energy sources is a promising approach. The reaction is achieved over supported metal catalysts. The kinetic measurements and characterizations of the surface reaction by using in-situ ATR-IR technique derived the reaction mechanism. Reaction network composes of four parallel reactions; hydrogen formation is formed via reforming route. Dehydrogenation, dehydration and hydrogenation were identified as additional reaction pathways.
Book Synopsis Sonochemical Reactions by : Selcan Karakuş
Download or read book Sonochemical Reactions written by Selcan Karakuş and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written by authors in the field of ultrasound-assited synthesis and their applications. Among others, some of the topics covered are: ultrasound-assited synthesis of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, graphene nanosheets, and ultrasound applications. In this book, authors focused on recent studies, applications, and new technological developments on fundamental properties of the ultrasound process.
Book Synopsis Catalysts for Hydrogen Production by the Auto-Thermal Reforming of Glycerol by : Faezeh Sabri
Download or read book Catalysts for Hydrogen Production by the Auto-Thermal Reforming of Glycerol written by Faezeh Sabri and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aqueous Phase Reforming of Glycerol Over Supported Catalysts by : Aonsurang Wawrzetz
Download or read book Aqueous Phase Reforming of Glycerol Over Supported Catalysts written by Aonsurang Wawrzetz and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production from Aqueous Phase Reforming Over Carbon Nanotube Supported Catalysts by : Xiaoming Wang
Download or read book Hydrogen Production from Aqueous Phase Reforming Over Carbon Nanotube Supported Catalysts written by Xiaoming Wang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Steam Reforming of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons for Hydrogen Production Over Metal Catalysts by : Sushil Adhikari
Download or read book Steam Reforming of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons for Hydrogen Production Over Metal Catalysts written by Sushil Adhikari and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the increase in production of biodiesel, a glut of glycerol has resulted in the world market. Glycerol, once a valuable chemical, has become a recalcitrant byproduct. It is also a potential renewable feedstock for hydrogen production. This study is focused on hydrogen production from glycerol steam reforming. During the initial stage, effect of process variables, such as system pressure (1-5 atm), temperature (327-727 °C) were calculated by the method of Gibbs free energy minimization. The study revealed that the best conditions for producing hydrogen is at temperature> 627 °C, atmospheric pressure, and water/glycerol molar ratio (WGMR) 9:1. As a part of catalysts screening, 14 catalysts were prepared on monoliths and tested for their activity. Effects of those catalysts on hydrogen selectivity and glycerol conversion in temperatures ranging from 600-900 °C were discussed. Ni/Al2O3 and Rh/CeO2/Al2O3 were found to be the best performing catalysts based on hydrogen selectivity and glycerol conversion under the conditions investigated in this study. Also, the effect of WGMR, metal loading, and feed flow rate (FFR) were analyzed for the two best performing catalysts. Subsequently, effect of CeO2, MgO, and TiO2 supported Ni catalysts on hydrogen production from glycerol was studied. Effects of reaction temperature, FFR, and WGMR on hydrogen selectivity and glycerol conversion were also analyzed. Ni/CeO2 was found to be the best performing catalyst when compared to Ni/MgO and Ni/TiO2 under the experimental conditions investigated. The activation energy of glycerol reforming reaction was found to be 103 kJ/mol, and the reaction order with respect to glycerol was 0.23 over Ni/CeO2 catalysts based on the power law.
Book Synopsis Renewable Hydrogen and Liquid Alkanes from Aqueous-phase Processing of Biomass-derived Carbohydrates by : George Willis Huber
Download or read book Renewable Hydrogen and Liquid Alkanes from Aqueous-phase Processing of Biomass-derived Carbohydrates written by George Willis Huber and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading by : Mark Crocker
Download or read book Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading written by Mark Crocker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference to the use of innovative catalysts and processes to turn biomass into value-added chemicals Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading offers detailed descriptions of catalysts and catalytic processes employed in the synthesis of chemicals and fuels from the most abundant and important biomass types. The contributors?noted experts on the topic?focus on the application of catalysts to the pyrolysis of whole biomass and to the upgrading of bio-oils. The authors discuss catalytic approaches to the processing of biomass-derived oxygenates, as exemplified by sugars, via reactions such as reforming, hydrogenation, oxidation, and condensation reactions. Additionally, the book provides an overview of catalysts for lignin valorization via oxidative and reductive methods and considers the conversion of fats and oils to fuels and terminal olefins by means of esterification/transesterification, hydrodeoxygenation, and decarboxylation/decarbonylation processes. The authors also provide an overview of conversion processes based on terpenes and chitin, two emerging feedstocks with a rich chemistry, and summarize some of the emerging trends in the field. This important book: -Provides a comprehensive review of innovative catalysts, catalytic processes, and catalyst design -Offers a guide to one of the most promising ways to find useful alternatives for fossil fuel resources -Includes information on the most abundant and important types of biomass feedstocks -Examines fields such as catalytic cracking, pyrolysis, depolymerization, and many more Written for catalytic chemists, process engineers, environmental chemists, bioengineers, organic chemists, and polymer chemists, Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading presents deep insights on the most important aspects of biomass upgrading and their various types.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production Via Glycerol Dry Reforming Over Nickel Catalyst Supported on Sio2 and Al2O3 Modified by La by : Farahani Sarajuddin
Download or read book Hydrogen Production Via Glycerol Dry Reforming Over Nickel Catalyst Supported on Sio2 and Al2O3 Modified by La written by Farahani Sarajuddin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, energy has become the most demand for human needed. The utilization of future energy that is clean and sustainable becomes increasingly urgent because of dwindling petroleum reserves and mounting environmental concerns that are associated with fossil fuel. Hydrogen has been considered as the most suitable alternative for future energy aiming to reduce the dependence on fossil fuel and carbon based emission. Previously, non-renewable resources mainly coal, fossil fuel, petroleum coke, and petroleum residues has been widely used as the main feedstock for syngas (H2 and CO) production. However, due to the various factors such are global warming, the unstable price and availability of petroleum-based oil as well as the environmental pollution, the desirability towards biomass (glycerol) as the alternative energy feedstock has attract the world's attention. Glycerol which a by-product of biodiesel production is one of the most promising renewable sources associated environmental impacts from the usage of the fossil fuels in which it minimal carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and more preferable in fuels production. In recent years, the production of hydrogen from glycerol via steam reforming widely investigated, only a few studies on dry reforming with CO2. Therefore, this project was attempted to study the production of hydrogen via glycerol dry reforming over nickel (Ni) catalyst supported on silica oxide (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) modified with lanthanum (La). This works aims to synthesis, characterize, and screening Ni catalyst supported on SiO2 and Al2O3 with promoted in La solution using various techniques such are Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis , Mastersizer 2000 Ver.5.60 and elemental analysis. The catalyst characterization includes their porosity, structure, crystalline behaviour, and a physiochemical property is investigated. It shows that the promoted catalyst possessed smaller metal crystalline size, hence higher metal dispersion compared than both Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/SiO2 catalyst. In addition, the particle size distribution measured by Mastersizer measurement for promoted alumina catalyst gave higher size distribution which about 0.452 m2/g compared than silica oxides support. The reaction studies for syngas production at T=973 K for 3 hour reaction time with the inlet flowrate and carbon to to glycerol ratio is 0.03 ml/min and 1 had successfully produced H2 with glycerol conversion and H2 yield that peaked at 5.8% and 28% respectively over 3% La content. The catalyst screening shows that the alumina support gave excellent catalytic performance compared than silica oxide due to the larger surface area and smaller crystallite size that ensured accessibility of active catalytic area.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to 1-propanol Using Bifunctional Catalysts in an Aqueous Media by : Chau Thi Quynh Mai
Download or read book Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to 1-propanol Using Bifunctional Catalysts in an Aqueous Media written by Chau Thi Quynh Mai and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel is an attractive alternative fuel obtained from renewable resources and glycerol is produced as a major byproduct in the biodiesel industry. Upgrading glycerol to other valuable chemicals will contribute to an economic sustainability of the biodiesel industry. Valuable commodity chemicals such as 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD), 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PD) and 1-Propanol (1-PO) could be produced by catalytic hydrogenolysis. Although much work has been done towards the conversion of glycerol to 1,2-PD and 1,3-PD, the direct conversion of glycerol to 1-PO has not received much attention. From an industry point of view, the production of 1-PO is very interesting. 1-PO has potential applications as a solvent, organic intermediate and can be dehydrated to produce “green“ propylene for the production of polypropylene. Therefore, the development of a new process for the efficient conversion of glycerol to 1-PO will contribute to new “green” chemicals which will benefit the environment and make biodiesel processes more profitable as 1 kg of glycerol is produced for every 10 kg of biodiesel. In this research, heterogeneous hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1-PO was carried out in a batch reactor using a bi-functional catalyst (prepared by a sequential impregnation method) in water, a green and inexpensive liquid medium. It was found that a bi-functional solid catalyst consists of a non-noble metal Ni for hydrogenation and an acidic function of silicotungstic acid (HSiW) supported on alumina (Al2O3) to be an active catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 1-PO from glycerol and H2 in a liquid phase reaction. A systematic study has been carried out to assess the effects of operating conditions on the glycerol conversion. The catalysts were characterized using BET, XRD, NH3-TPD, TPR, TGA and FTIR techniques. The effect of different metals (Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt and Cs) supported 30HSiW/Al2O3 catalyst, heteroatom substitution (HSiW, HPW and HPMo) on NiHPA/Al2O3 catalysts and 10Ni/30HSiW supported on different supports (Al2O3, TiO2 and MCM-41) were studied to determine to what extent these components affect the catalytic activity of the NiHPAs/Al2O3 catalysts for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol. The effect of the preparation process on the catalytic activity and the structure of the catalyst was also studied. It was found that 1%Pt is the best promoter for the production of 1-PO in a stainless steel batch reactor (the selectivity to 1-PO was 59.2% at 45.3% conversion of glycerol). 1%Ni, a much cheaper metal, has fairly comparable reactivity to 1%Pt (the selectivity to 1-PO was 54.7% at 39.2% converison of glycerol). It was reported that the catalytic activity and thermal stability towards decomposition of the catalyst dependends on heteroatom substitution. Using NH3-TPD, XRD and FTIR it was found that while the Keggin-structure of HSiW and HPW supported catalyst is stable up to a treatment temperature of 450oC, the Keggin-structure of a HPMo supported catalyst was decomposed even at a treatment temperature of 350oC; the decomposition of HPMo into MoO3 is likely to be responsible for the inactivity of the NiHPMo catalyst for glycerol conversion. HPW and HPMo lost their acidity much more readily than HSiW, and a HSiW supported catalyst was the best candidate for 1-PO production. The catalytic activity and the acidity of 10Ni/30HSiW supported catalyst are influenced strongly by supporting 10Ni/30HSiW on different supports. Using XRD and FTIR it was found that the thermal treatment during the preparation process indeed affected the structure and the activity of the catalyst to some extent. The loss in activity of the catalyst, the decomposition in Keggin-structure of HPAs occur if the treatment temperature is higher than 450oC. It is important to note that this is the first report on a 10Ni/30HSiW suported catalyst developed for the one-pot hydrogenolysis of glycerol in a water media with high conversion of glycerol (90.1%) and high selectivity to 1-PO (92.9%) at 240oC and 580PSI hydrogen using a Hastelloy batch reactor. The activation energy Ea of this reaction is 124.1kJ/mol. Reaction pathways for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol using a bifunctional catalyst 10Ni/30HSiW/Al2O3 is proposed. It is believed that acidity plays an important role for the dehydration and Ni plays an important role for the hydrogenation. It is suggested that with acidic catalysts, the main route for the formation of 1-PO from glycerol is via either the hydrogenation of acrolein or further hydrogenolysis of 1,2-PD (and 1,3PD) where 1,2-PD (and 1,3-PD) and acrolein are the intermediate species in the formation of 1-PO from glycerol. The formation of 1,2-PD and 1,3-PD takes place through an initial dehydration of the primary or secondary hydroxyl groups on glycerol to give acetol or 3- hydroxylpropanaldehyde (3-HPA). The hydrogen activated on the metal facilitates the hydrogenation of acetol or 3-HPA to release 1,2-PD or 1,3-PD respectively. However, dehydration of 3-HPA on the acid sites forms acrolein. Further hydrogenolysis of diols or hydrogenation of acrolein produces 1-PO. 1,3-PD that is a very high value-added chemical can also be obtained from hydrogenolysis of glycerol using a Ni-HSiW supported catalyst. To improve the selectivity of 1,3-PD it is suggested that the catalyst should have high hydrogenation activity for the intermediate 3-HPA. The equilibrium between acrolein and 3-HPA in the hydration-dehydration step is important, so it is essential to tune the bi-functional catalyst and the conditions of the reaction to form 1,3-PD from 3-HPA. A study of promoter effects for the activity of catalyst to form 1,3-PD is recommended.
Book Synopsis Supported Catalysts and Their Applications by : David C Sherrington
Download or read book Supported Catalysts and Their Applications written by David C Sherrington and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to improve both the efficiency and environmental acceptability of industrial processes is driving the development of heterogeneous catalysts across the chemical industry, including commodity, specialty and fine chemicals and in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Drawing on international research, Supported Catalysts and their Applications discusses aspects of the design, synthesis and application of solid supported reagents and catalysts, including supported reagents for multi-step organic synthesis; selectivity in oxidation catalysis; mesoporous molecular sieve catalysts; and the use of Zeolite Beta in organic reactions. In addition, the two discrete areas of heterogeneous catalysis (inorganic oxide materials and polymer-based catalysts) that were developing in parallel are now shown to be converging, which will be of great benefit to the whole field. Providing a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in this fast-moving field, this book will be welcomed by industrialists and researchers, particularly in the agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals industries.
Book Synopsis STEAM REFORMING OF OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION OVER METAL CATALYSTS. by :
Download or read book STEAM REFORMING OF OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION OVER METAL CATALYSTS. written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the increase in production of biodiesel, a glut of glycerol has resulted in the world market. Glycerol, once a valuable chemical, has become a recalcitrant byproduct. It is also a potential renewable feedstock for hydrogen production. This study is focused on hydrogen production from glycerol steam reforming. During the initial stage, effect of process variables, such as system pressure (1-5 atm), temperature (327 727 oC), and water/glycerol molar ratio of (1:1-9:1) on hydrogen yield was investigated using a thermodynamic analysis. The equilibrium concentrations of different compounds were calculated by the method of Gibbs free energy minimization. The study revealed that the best conditions for producing hydrogen is at temperature> 627 oC, atmospheric pressure, and water/glycerol molar ratio (WGMR) 9:1. As a part of catalysts screening, 14 catalysts were prepared on monoliths and tested for their activity. Effects of those catalysts on hydrogen selectivity and glycerol conversion in temperatures ranging from 600-900 oC were discussed. Ni/Al2O3 and Rh/CeO2/Al2O3 were found to be the best performing catalysts based on hydrogen selectivity and glycerol conversion under the conditions investigated in this study. Also, the effect of WGMR, metal loading, and feed flow rate (FFR) were analyzed for the two best performing catalysts. Subsequently, effect of CeO2, MgO, and TiO2 supported Ni catalysts on hydrogen production from glycerol was studied. Effects of reaction temperature, FFR, and WGMR on hydrogen selectivity and glycerol conversion were also analyzed. Ni/CeO2 was found to be the best performing catalyst when compared to Ni/MgO and Ni/TiO2 under the experimental conditions investigated. The activation energy of glycerol reforming reaction was found to be 103 kJ/mol, and the reaction order with respect to glycerol was 0.23 over Ni.
Book Synopsis Renewable Hydrogen Technologies by : Luis M Gandia
Download or read book Renewable Hydrogen Technologies written by Luis M Gandia and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-05-03 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fields covered by the hydrogen energy topic have grown rapidly, and now it has become clearly multidisciplinary. In addition to production, hydrogen purification and especially storage are key challenges that could limit the use of hydrogen fuel. In this book, the purification of hydrogen with membrane technology and its storage in "solid" form using new hydrides and carbon materials are addressed. Other novelties of this volume include the power conditioning of water electrolyzers, the integration in the electric grid of renewable hydrogen systems and the future role of microreactors and micro-process engineering in hydrogen technology as well as the potential of computational fluid dynamics to hydrogen equipment design and the assessment of safety issues. Finally, and being aware that transportation will likely constitute the first commercial application of hydrogen fuel, two chapters are devoted to the recent advances in hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines for transport vehicles. Hydrogen from water and biomass considered Holistic approach to the topic of renewable hydrogen production Power conditioning of water electrolyzers and integration of renewable hydrogen energy systems considered Subjects not included in previous books on hydrogen energy Micro process technology considered Subject not included in previous books on hydrogen energy Applications of CFD considered Subject not included in previous books on hydrogen energy Fundamental aspects will not be discussed in detail consciously as they are suitably addressed in previous books Emphasis on technological advancements Chapters written by recognized experts Up-to date approach to the subjects and relevant bibliographic references
Book Synopsis Basic Principles in Applied Catalysis by : Manfred Baerns
Download or read book Basic Principles in Applied Catalysis written by Manfred Baerns and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a team of internationally recognized experts, this book addresses the most important types of catalytic reactions and catalysts as used in industrial practice. Both applied aspects and the essential scientific principles are described. The main topics can be summarized as follows: heterogeneous, homogeneous and biocatalysis, catalyst preparation and characterization, catalytic reaction engineering and kinetics, catalyst deactivation and industrial perspective.
Book Synopsis Glycerine Production and Transformation by : Marco Frediani
Download or read book Glycerine Production and Transformation written by Marco Frediani and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-09-11 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increase in the amount of glycerin in the market is a burden for all producers, especially those operating in the biodiesel sector: reuse options are in fact limited for the management of this by-product. Glycerol enhancement has therefore become a priority to improve the sustainability of the biodiesel industry. Nevertheless, the multifunctionality of glycerol makes it a promising precursor for different types of production (fuel/biofuel, chemical products). This conversion has therefore become a subject of multifaceted research that requires an exchange of knowledge across many sectors. In this book, different disciplines (chemistry, biology, engineering, etc.) have been taken into consideration to propose an interdisciplinary point of view on different aspects.
