Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Selective Catalytic Reduction Of Nox Gases In Diesel Exhaust Using Aqueous Urea full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Selective Catalytic Reduction Of Nox Gases In Diesel Exhaust Using Aqueous Urea ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author : Mohamed Ishtiaq Akbar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx Gases in Diesel Exhaust Using Aqueous Urea written by Mohamed Ishtiaq Akbar and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Isabella Nova
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489980717
Total Pages : 715 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)
Download or read book Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts written by Isabella Nova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts presents a complete overview of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia/urea. The book starts with an illustration of the technology in the framework of the current context (legislation, market, system configurations), covers the fundamental aspects of the SCR process (catalysts, chemistry, mechanism, kinetics) and analyzes its application to useful topics such as modeling of full scale monolith catalysts, control aspects, ammonia injections systems and integration with other devices for combined removal of pollutants.
Author : Anthony Timpanaro
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Reduction of NOx Emissions in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using SNCR with In-cylinder Injection of Aqueous Urea written by Anthony Timpanaro and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of this study is the effect of in-cylinder selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of NOx emissions in diesel exhaust gas by means of direct injection of aqueous urea ((NH2)2CO) into the combustion chamber. A single cylinder diesel test engine was modified to accept an electronically controlled secondary common rail injection system to deliver the aqueous urea directly into the cylinder during engine operation. Direct in-cylinder injection was chosen in order to ensure precise delivery of the reducing agent without the risk of any premature reactions taking place. Unlike direct in-cylinder injection of neat water, aqueous urea also works as a reducing agent by breaking down into ammonia (NH3) and Cyanuric Acid ((HOCN)3). These compounds serve as the primary reducing agents in the NOx reduction mechanism explored here. The main reducing agent, aqueous urea, was admixed with glycerol (C3H8O3) in an 80-20 ratio, by weight, to function as a lubricant for the secondary injector. The aqueous urea injection timing and duration is critical to the reduction of NOx emissions due to the dependence of SNCR NOx reduction on critical factors such as temperature, pressure, reducing agent to NOx ratio, Oxygen and radical content, residence time and NH3 slip. From scoping engine tests at loads of 40 percent and 80 percent at 1500 rpm, an aqueous urea injection strategy was developed. The final injection strategy chosen was four molar ratios, 4.0, 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 with five varying injection timings of 60, 20, 10, 0, and -30 degrees after top dead center (ATDC). In addition to the base line and aqueous urea tests, water injection and an 80-20 water-glycerol solution reduction agent tests were also conducted to compare the effects of said additives as well. The comparison of baseline and SNCR operation was expected to show that the urea acted as a reducing agent, lowering NOx emissions up to 100% (based on exhaust stream studies) in the diesel exhaust gas without the aid of a catalyst. The data collected from the engine tests showed that the aqueous urea-glycerol solution secondary had no effect on the reduction of NOx and even resulted in an increase of up to 5% in some tests. This was due to the low average in-cylinder temperature as well as a short residence time, prohibiting the reduction reaction from taking place. The neat water and water-glycerol solution secondary injection was found to have a reduction effect of up to 59% on NOx production in the emissions due to the evaporative cooling effect and increased heat capacity of the water.
Author : Eric R. Snyder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 654 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (611 download)
Download or read book Characterization of Water Injection and Urea-SCR Systems for NOx Reduction in Diesel Engines written by Eric R. Snyder and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Diesel engines offer significant advantages over spark-ignited engines in terms of peak torque production, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, and fuel consumption (and associated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions known to cause the greenhouse effect). However, lean exhaust conditions render conventional three-way catalysts ineffective, making nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction a considerable challenge. With increasing environmental concerns and stringent pending regulation of diesel exhaust emissions, urea-Selective Catalytic Reduction (urea-SCR) has emerged as a potential technology pathway to meet US 2007/2010 and Euro IV/V NOx emissions criterion. This technology uses ammonia (NH3) generated from aqueous urea as the NOx reducing agent. Water injection in the intake system has also demonstrated the potential for significant reductions in engine-out NOx emissions.
Author : Hoin Kang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book SAE 2007-08-0107, A Study on the NOx Reduction of Urea-Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine written by Hoin Kang and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A NOx emission is one of the problems of diesel engines. SCR is well known to be effective for the reduction of NOx emission. Among many types of SCR, Urea-SCR is known as the most stable. Therefore, this research focuses to evaluate a performance of urea-SCR system in a heavy-duty diesel engine. At first, urea injection system is developed and optimum injection condition is observed. Numerical model of above condition applies to simulation calculation using FLUENT, CFD code. The simulation results determine experimental method on the engine test. Therefore, the aqueous urea solution is injected to reversing direction of exhaust gas into elbow exhaust pipe. Optimal quantity of a reducing agent is estimated by using accurate programming technique under different engine loads and speeds. Furthermore, emission variation between with SCR and without SCR is compared and performance of urea-SCR system is evaluated. This research may provide the fundamental data for the practical use of urea-SCR in future.
Author : Ming-Feng Hsieh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (682 download)
Download or read book Control of Diesel Engine Urea Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems written by Ming-Feng Hsieh and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A systematic nonlinear control methodology for urea-SCR systems applicable for light-to-heavy-duty Diesel engine platforms in a variety of on-road, off-road, and marine applications is developed and experimentally validated in this dissertation. Urea selective catalytic reduction (urea-SCR) systems have been proved of being able to reduce more than 90% of Diesel engine-out NOx emissions and have been favored by the automotive industry in recent years. Urea-SCR systems utilize ammonia, converted from 32.5% aqueous urea solution (AdBlue) injected at upstream of the SCR catalyst, as the reductant for NOx reductions. Because ammonia is considered a hazardous material, urea injection should be systematically controlled to avoid undesired tailpipe ammonia slip while achieving a sufficient level of SCR NOx reduction. The novelty of the control methodology is to regulate the ammonia storage distribution along the axial direction of a SCR catalyst to a staircase profile and thus to simultaneously realize high NOx reduction efficiency and low ammonia emissions. To achieve this control objective, several relevant subjects are studied, including: 1) aftertreatment system control-oriented modeling, 2) online NOx sensor ammonia cross-sensitivity correction, 3) SCR catalyst ammonia coverage ratio estimation, as well as 4) adaptive urea dosing controller design. A unique SCR system which consists of a urea injector and two SCR catalysts connected in-series with several NOx and NH3 sensors is used for the study of the proposed urea-SCR control methodology. Such a SCR system is integrated with a state-of-the-art Diesel engine and aftertreatment system (DOC-DPF). The US06 test cycle experimental results show the proposed control methodology, in comparison to a conventional control strategy, is capable of improving the SCR NOx reduction by 63% and reducing the tailpipe ammonia slip amount by 74%. The contributions of this research to the art include: 1) A novel, efficient, and generalizable urea-SCR dosing control methodology; 2) Diesel engine-DOC-DPF NO/NO2 ratio control-oriented models and observer-based estimations; 3) SCR catalyst ammonia coverage ratio estimation methods; 4) An online correction approach for NOx sensor ammonia cross-sensitivity elimination; and 5) An improved SCR control-oriented model.
![Download Selective catalytic reduction of NOx [NO tief x] from diesel engine exhaust using injection of urea PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/lElhAAAACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Author : Ronald Johannes Hultermans
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789056510169
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Selective catalytic reduction of NOx [NO tief x] from diesel engine exhaust using injection of urea written by Ronald Johannes Hultermans and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Oliver Kröcher
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038973645
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx written by Oliver Kröcher and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx" that was published in Catalysts
Author : David Morales-Morales
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080545157
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book The Chemistry of Pincer Compounds written by David Morales-Morales and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-11 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pincer complexes are formed by the binding of a chemical structure to a metal atom with at least one carbon-metal bond. Usually the metal atom has three bonds to a chemical backbone, enclosing the atom like a pincer. The resulting structure protects the metal atom and gives it unique properties.The last decade has witnessed the continuous growth in the development of pincer complexes. These species have passed from being curiosity compounds to chemical chameleons able to perform a wide variety of applications. Their unique metal bound structures provide some of the most active catalysts yet known for organic transformations involving the activation of bonds. The Chemistry of Pincer Compounds details use of pincer compounds including homogeneous catalysis, enantioselective organic transformations, the activation of strong bonds, the biological importance of pincer compounds as potential therapeutic or pharmaceutical agents, dendrimeric and supported materials. * Describes the chemistry and applications of this important class of organometallic and coordination compounds* Covers the areas in which pincer complexes have had an impact* Includes information on more recent and interesting pincer compounds not just those that are well-known
Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428902805
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)
Download or read book Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Oliver Rivera
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (95 download)
Download or read book Modeling and Control of a Hydrocarbon Selective Catalytic Reduction System for Diesel Exhaust written by Oliver Rivera and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel vehicles are continually being regulated each year by tighter restrictions on exhaust emissions. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) form one of the more difficult emissions to control. Urea based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx emissions is an evolving technology that has seen widespread implementation on over the road vehicles. However, this technology requires an on-board reductant to function properly. Hydrocarbon based SCR (HC-SCR) technology eliminates the need for an additional on-board liquid by using diesel fuel as the reductant. A review of aftertreatment systems including HC-SCR is provided in this work. This review is followed by an experimental investigation of an HC-SCR aftertreatment system fitted to a marine diesel engine. A model of the HC-SCR outlet NOx concentration is developed and validated for several operating conditions. A sensitivity analysis of the model parameters is performed, demonstrating the most influential model parameters. A controller is successfully implemented in simulation and in the laboratory environment.
Author :
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0080965296
Total Pages : 7694 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-07-23 with total page 7694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II, Nine Volume Set reviews and examines topics of relevance to today’s inorganic chemists. Covering more interdisciplinary and high impact areas, Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II includes biological inorganic chemistry, solid state chemistry, materials chemistry, and nanoscience. The work is designed to follow on, with a different viewpoint and format, from our 1973 work, Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry, edited by Bailar, Emeléus, Nyholm, and Trotman-Dickenson, which has received over 2,000 citations. The new work will also complement other recent Elsevier works in this area, Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry and Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry, to form a trio of works covering the whole of modern inorganic chemistry. Chapters are designed to provide a valuable, long-standing scientific resource for both advanced students new to an area and researchers who need further background or answers to a particular problem on the elements, their compounds, or applications. Chapters are written by teams of leading experts, under the guidance of the Volume Editors and the Editors-in-Chief. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource for information in the field. The chapters will not provide basic data on the elements, which is available from many sources (and the original work), but instead concentrate on applications of the elements and their compounds. Provides a comprehensive review which serves to put many advances in perspective and allows the reader to make connections to related fields, such as: biological inorganic chemistry, materials chemistry, solid state chemistry and nanoscience Inorganic chemistry is rapidly developing, which brings about the need for a reference resource such as this that summarise recent developments and simultaneously provide background information Forms the new definitive source for researchers interested in elements and their applications; completely replacing the highly cited first edition, which published in 1973
Author : Christopher Sokolowski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (894 download)
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOX by NH3 for Diesel Exhaust Aftertreatment written by Christopher Sokolowski and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing price of liquid fuels and an increased focus on fuel efficiency has driven vehicle engine manufacturers toward diesel and other lean burn engines at the cost of increased emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOX), which contribute to pollution such as smog, ground level ozone, and acid deposition. Within the past thirty years, increasingly stringent NOX emission standards have forced engine manufacturers to develop novel ways to reduce these emissions. With the implementation of the latest American and European NOX emission standards, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) has become the most prominent NOX reduction method in lean-burn engines.In the present work, a method is developed to test the performance of commercial SCR catalyst coated monoliths and probe the deactivation mechanisms. A monolith testing apparatus is constructed for these purposes. Necessary design features included a programmable gas mixing system, a steam generator, a temperature control system, and an analysis system based upon Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. It is found that a high flow rate of carrier gas as well as a method to generate a water mist and prevent dripping is essential to ensure a stable supply of steam and repeatable results.Important SCR reactions, namely the standard, fast, and slow SCR reactions as well as NH3 adsorption and performance of a zeolite catalyst coated monolith were investigated at three temperatures -- 250 and 300 °C representing engine operation at normal operating conditions and 400 °C representing engine operation at high load. The amount of NH3 adsorbed decreased with temperature in line with previous studies while NOX reduction performance increased with higher temperatures at all inlet compositions tested. A transient drop in NO conversion performance was observed upon introduction of NH3 without the presence of NO2 consistent with previous studies suggesting an NH3 inhibition mechanism. When supplied with 1:1 and 1:3 ratios of NO:NO2 at 250 °C, the catalyst reduced more NOX than NH3 suggesting that part of the NOX reduction was proceeding through an ammonium nitrate intermediate and generating nitric acid. In addition, NH3 oxidation into N2O was prevalent at 300°C in an excess of NO2. The SCR reaction results indicate that both transient effects and side reactions play an important role in an NH3 SCR system, particularly one that is designed to operate under continuously changing conditions.Catalyst aging mechanisms were investigated by comparing catalytic performance, material structure, and surface composition of a new and a used zeolite catalyst monolith for the fast SCR reaction. Physical analysis of the catalyst monoliths through X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) indicated four aging mechanisms. Both the new and used catalyst monoliths performed at least 95% NOX reduction in the fast reaction at all temperatures tested. Despite the similar NOX reduction performance, the used catalyst monolith exhibited lower NO oxidation performance, increased NH3 oxidation, and a lower quantity of adsorbed NH3 compared to the new catalyst monolith. Dealumination is likely the primary cause of the used catalyst monolith's lower NOX reduction performance with promoter metal deactivation, poisoning by sulfur and phosphorous, and mechanical failure of the catalyst coating on the monolith also contributing to the decreased performance. The results do not find evidence of carbon coking. This investigation into catalyst aging mechanisms confirms the efficacy of the commercial SCR catalyst monolith over long time periods.
Author : Masaaki Okubo
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0128123087
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book New Technologies for Emission Control in Marine Diesel Engines written by Masaaki Okubo and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Technologies for Emission Control in Marine Diesel Engines provides a unique overview on marine diesel engines and aftertreatment technologies that is based on the authors’ extensive experience in research and development of emission control systems, especially plasma aftertreatment systems. The book covers new and updated technologies, such as combustion improvement and after treatment, SCR, the NOx reduction method, Ox scrubber, DPF, Electrostatic precipitator, Plasma PM decomposition, Plasma NOx reduction, and the Exhaust gas recirculation method. This comprehensive resource is ideal for marine engineers, engine manufacturers and consultants dealing with the development and implementation of aftertreatment systems in marine engines. Includes recent advances and future trends of marine engines Discusses new and innovative emission technologies for marine diesel engines and their regulations Covers aftertreatment technologies that are not widely applied, such as catalysts, SCR, DPF and plasmas
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF DIESEL ENGINE NOX EMISSIONS USING ETHANOL AS A REDUCTANT. written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NOx emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine were reduced by more than 90% and 80% utilizing a full-scale ethanol-SCR system for space velocities of 21000/h and 57000/h respectively. These results were achieved for catalyst temperatures between 360 and 400 C and for C1:NOx ratios of 4-6. The SCR process appears to rapidly convert ethanol to acetaldehyde, which subsequently slipped past the catalyst at appreciable levels at a space velocity of 57000/h. Ammonia and N2O were produced during conversion; the concentrations of each were higher for the low space velocity condition. However, the concentration of N2O did not exceed 10 ppm. In contrast to other catalyst technologies, NOx reduction appeared to be enhanced by initial catalyst aging, with the presumed mechanism being sulfate accumulation within the catalyst. A concept for utilizing ethanol (distilled from an E-diesel fuel) as the SCR reductant was demonstrated.
Author : A. Frennet
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080544681
Total Pages : 959 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control III written by A. Frennet and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-11-02 with total page 959 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings are based on the third of a series of symposia devoted to the use of catalysis for the depollution of exhaust gases of motor vehicles. Although catalysts have been used for this purpose for some thirty years, the subject is still very topical because of its economic impact. The increasing number of submitted, accepted and published papers amply attests to this fact.
Author : Christine Lambert
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book Advanced CIDI Emission Control System Development written by Christine Lambert and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ford Motor Company, with ExxonMobil and FEV, participated in the Department of Energy's (DOE) Ultra-Clean Transportation Fuels Program with the goal to develop an innovative emission control system for light-duty diesel vehicles. The focus on diesel engine emissions was a direct result of the improved volumetric fuel economy (up to 50%) and lower CO2 emissions (up to 25%) over comparable gasoline engines shown in Europe. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with aqueous urea as the NOx reductant and a Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter (CDPF) were chosen as the primary emission control system components. The program expected to demonstrate more than 90% durable reduction in particulate matter (PM) and NOx emissions on a light-duty truck application, based on the FTP-75 drive cycle. Very low sulfur diesel fuel (
