Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Selection On Cultivar Traits And Quantitative Trait Loci In Water Stressed Sunflower Helianthus Annuus Crop Wild Hybrids
Download Selection On Cultivar Traits And Quantitative Trait Loci In Water Stressed Sunflower Helianthus Annuus Crop Wild Hybrids full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Selection On Cultivar Traits And Quantitative Trait Loci In Water Stressed Sunflower Helianthus Annuus Crop Wild Hybrids ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Selection on Cultivar Traits and Quantitative Trait Loci in Water Stressed Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Crop-wild Hybrids by : Birkin Richard Owart
Download or read book Selection on Cultivar Traits and Quantitative Trait Loci in Water Stressed Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Crop-wild Hybrids written by Birkin Richard Owart and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Sunflower by : Jinguo Hu
Download or read book Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Sunflower written by Jinguo Hu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-04-08 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sunflower has fascinated mankind for centuries. The oilseed sunflower contributes approximately ten percent of the world's plant-derived edible oil and the confection type sunflower holds a considerable share of the directly consumed snacks market. In addition, sunflower is also grown as an ornamental for cut flowers, as well as in home ga
Book Synopsis Germination and Dormancy of Crop-wild Sunflower Hybrid Cross Types by : Alexa Weiss
Download or read book Germination and Dormancy of Crop-wild Sunflower Hybrid Cross Types written by Alexa Weiss and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Gene flow from agricultural crops into related wild plant populations can produce viable hybrid offspring with characteristics that differ significantly from those of their wild counterparts. Such crop-wild gene flow, especially in situations involving transgenic crops, has raised concerns about potential losses of genetic diversity, or increases in invasiveness, of wild relatives. The annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is an ideal species for studying crop-wild gene flow, the subsequent hybrid generations produced, and the effects on wild populations because the crop and wild types are often found in close proximity, are cross compatible, share pollinators, and are differentiated for important traits that may affect fitness, such as seed dormancy. Outside of cultivation, seeds that germinate in the fall are killed by the winter frost before reproducing, which has lead to the evolution of dormancy in wild populations; their seeds must experience a cold period before germinating in the spring. By contrast, cultivated varieties have been artificially selected to germinate immediately under favorable conditions. Consequently, the degree to which crop-wild hybrids germinate under fall conditions affects the extent to which crop genes may persist in, or introgress into, wild populations. Furthermore, the germination and dormancy characteristics of sunflower seeds, in particular, are due, in part, to the structural characteristics of their achenes (i.e., seeds and hulls). Most of these structures are maternally inherited while the genetics of the embryo involve contributions from both parents. This project determined the rates of germination and dormancy of fifteen crop-wild hybrid sunflower cross types and used microscopy to explore achene characteristics that could influence the differential germination we observed. Maternal effects (e.g., seed covering structures) had significant impacts on germination and dormancy, with crop-produced achenes germinating most readily, followed by those produced on F1 maternal plants, followed by those produced on wild plants. 3 The proportion of crop alleles (i.e., nuclear genetics of the embryo) was also important. There was a significant, positive relationship between the proportion of crop alleles and germination in the wild and F1 produced seeds. Microscopy revealed that maternal parent significantly affected achene size, embryo size, and relationships between structures and the micropylar (i.e., pointed) end of the achene. Crop produced achenes were largest and had minimal structural barriers to radicle (i.e, embryonic root) extension. F1 produced achenes were larger and had more substantial barriers which broke down quickly. Wild produced achenes were smallest and had the greatest barriers to radicle extension. Although they differed in size, structural characteristics, and germination rate, seeds produced on crop, F1, and wild maternal parents underwent the same general processes of leading up to germination. These findings suggest that crop alleles and the maternal effects associated with crop-wild hybridization can reduce dormancy, but that this reduction in dormancy may not be significant enough to prevent the introgression of crop alleles into wild populations.
Book Synopsis Genetic Investigations of Sunflower Hybrid Zones by : Keith Gardner
Download or read book Genetic Investigations of Sunflower Hybrid Zones written by Keith Gardner and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Statistical Methods for the Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits in Plants by : Yuan-Ming Zhang
Download or read book Advances in Statistical Methods for the Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits in Plants written by Yuan-Ming Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-26 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used in the genetic dissection of complex traits. However, there are still limits in current GWAS statistics. For example, (1) almost all the existing methods do not estimate additive and dominance effects in quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) detection; (2) the methods for detecting QTN-by-environment interaction (QEI) are not straightforward and do not estimate additive and dominance effects as well as additive-by-environment and dominance-by-environment interaction effects, leading to unreliable results; and (3) no or too simple polygenic background controls have been employed in QTN-by-QTN interaction (QQI) detection. As a result, few studies of QEI and QQI for complex traits have been reported based on multiple-environment experiments. Recently, new statistical tools, including 3VmrMLM, have been developed to address these needs in GWAS. In 3VmrMLM, all the trait-associated effects, including QTN, QEI and QQI related effects, are compressed into a single effect-related vector, while all the polygenic backgrounds are compressed into a single polygenic effect matrix. These compressed parameters can be accurately and efficiently estimated through a unified mixed model analysis. To further validate these new GWAS methods, particularly 3VmrMLM, they should be rigorously tested in real data of various plants and a wide range of other species.
Book Synopsis Breeding with Exotic Germplasm in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) by : Eric Von Hoeft
Download or read book Breeding with Exotic Germplasm in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) written by Eric Von Hoeft and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exotic germplasm holds considerable promise as a source of novel variation to improve agronomic characters in elite breeding pools where genetic diversity has been limited by selective sweeps in line development or crop domestication. Unfortunately, exotic germplasm typically carries a large number of unfavorable alleles that give rise to linkage drag in segregating populations, making it unsuitable for variety improvement with traditional selection methods. Linkage drag masks the detection of favorable alleles underlying complex agronomic characters by negatively impacting phenotypic performance. Consequently, the exploitation of exotic germplasm has traditionally been limited to the detection and utilization of characters controlled by relatively few alleles with dominant, co-dominant or highly additive gene action. If favorable alleles underlying complex agronomic characters could be detected in exotic germplasm sources, opportunities to exploit them in elite breeding pools through marker-assisted selection or other methods may be improved. An Advanced Inter-mated Recombinant Inbred Line (AI-RIL) population was employed to construct a genetic map and detect QTL underlying complex agronomic characters in four independent testcross populations of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Testcross hybrids were evaluated for plant height, flowering time, seed harvest moisture, seed test weight, ring count per capitulum and grain yield. Significant QTL for each character were detected in each test cross population independently and across populations by employing the BLUP over testcross datasets. A genome-wide association study was employed to further interrogate marker-trait associations and elucidate candidate genes regulating these characters. Finally, a genomic selection model was developed to predict performance of testcross hybrids based on the estimated allele effects represented in AI-RIL genotypes and to evaluate genomic selection as a tool for the exploitation of favorable alleles from exotic germplasm sources.
Book Synopsis Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants by : Arun Shanker
Download or read book Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants written by Arun Shanker and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-02-17 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of global climate change on crop production has emerged as a major research priority during the past decade. Understanding abiotic stress factors such as temperature and drought tolerance and biotic stress tolerance traits such as insect pest and pathogen resistance in combination with high yield in plants is of paramount importance to counter climate change related adverse effects on the productivity of crops. In this multi-authored book, we present synthesis of information for developing strategies to combat plant stress. Our effort here is to present a judicious mixture of basic as well as applied research outlooks so as to interest workers in all areas of plant science. We trust that the information covered in this book would bridge the much-researched area of stress in plants with the much-needed information for evolving climate-ready crop cultivars to ensure food security in the future.
Book Synopsis Genetic Analysis of Some Quantitative Traits in Sunflowers (Helianthus Annuus L.) Hybrids by : N. L. Jahagirdar
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Some Quantitative Traits in Sunflowers (Helianthus Annuus L.) Hybrids written by N. L. Jahagirdar and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Maternal Effects on Multiple Generations of Helianthus Annuus Crop-wild Hybrid Seed by : Brian Alexander Pace
Download or read book Maternal Effects on Multiple Generations of Helianthus Annuus Crop-wild Hybrid Seed written by Brian Alexander Pace and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Although gene flow between crop and wild relatives is not a new area of study, much can still be learned through the investigation of hybrids between divergent taxon. Most crops exchange alleles with wild and weedy relatives, especially when grown in crop centers of origin. Such gene flow can result in evolutionary consequences for wild populations ranging from genetic erosion and demographic swamping to the evolution of enhanced weediness. All of these scenarios are concerning, since wild populations constitute a breeding pool in which valuable allelic diversity is stewarded and weeds already cause problems in agriculture. Helianthus annuus was domesticated in North America where its cultivated and wild forms have been known to hybridize when grown in proximity. However, cultivated sunflower and its relative, common sunflower, differ in morphology, ecological habit, and life history. For example, dormancy differs between crop and wild sunflower types since it was selected against during domestication, but has remained necessary for maintaining fitness for wild plants. Sunflower has physiological dormancy, but the strength and duration of dormancy differs between wild and crop types. Achenes resulting from hybridization between crop and wild sunflower have been shown to have reduced dormancy compared to wild achenes. Although the introgression of crop alleles into wild populations cannot occur unless the F1 generation survives to reproduce, the dormancy of later generations is important for determining if this trait could provide significant resistance to introgression. The objectives of this work were twofold: to identify how maternal parent and differing crop allele percentages each affect seed germination, dormancy, and mortality. Here, fifteen hybrid crosstypes were created on three different maternal plant types - wild F1 crop-wild hybrid, and crop. Since the pericarp and seed coat of sunflower achenes are maternal tissue, contrasting the three maternal types allowed for investigation of the impact of maternal effects in crop-wild sunflower hybrids on achene germination, dormancy, and survival. The genetic composition of these crosstypes varied from 0% to 100% crop alleles, with six intervening levels. All fifteen crosstypes were surveyed in a seed burial study, while two crosstypes were included a companion pericarp manipulation experiment. In the field experiment, three removal dates were chosen to assess hybrid seed germination, dormancy, and mortality. The contribution of crop alleles, maternal parent, and their interaction affected achene germination, dormancy, and survival. While crosstypes with higher crop allele percentages had increased early spring mortality compared to wild achenes, all crosstypes had high overwinter survival, indicating that reduced dormancy is not a complete barrier to crop allele introgression. However, hybrid achenes produced on wild maternal parents had high levels of dormancy that was comparable to wild dormancy, while crop-produced and F1-produced achenes had little to no dormancy by the last removal date, indicating that only hybrids produced on wild maternal plants will persist in the seed bank. Hybrid achenes remaining in the seed bank can be recruited in future years to backcross with wild plants or cross with remaining hybrids and may increase the risk of genetic erosion and demographic swamping.
Book Synopsis Genetic Variation and the Response to Abiotic Stress in Cultivated Sunflower (helianthus Annuus L.) Seedlings by : Rishi R. Masalia
Download or read book Genetic Variation and the Response to Abiotic Stress in Cultivated Sunflower (helianthus Annuus L.) Seedlings written by Rishi R. Masalia and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to numerous environmental stresses during their lifetimes. These include challenges related to drought, salinity, and low nutrient availability, all of which can negatively impact plant growth and development and reduce crop yields. Currently, drought and nutrient limitation are offset through increased irrigation and fertilizer application, however, these agricultural inputs are environmentally, economically, and energetically costly. Moreover, irrigation can lead to soil salinization. Attention has thus turned to the development of increasingly resilient crops, but such efforts require knowledge of the mechanistic basis of variation in growth and performance under stress. Here, I describe research aimed at characterizing genetic variation underlying seedling growth traits in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under well-watered and water-limited (i.e., osmotic stress), as well as the phenotypic and transcriptomic response of such seedlings to multiple water-related stresses as well as nutrient limitation. Genome-wide association studies revealed that cultivated sunflower harbors substantial variation for seedling growth and root-related traits under both well-watered and water-limited conditions, with evidence that many of the significantly associated regions had consistent effects across environments. Moreover, the transcriptomic response to water-related stresses (drought, osmotic, and salt), revealed that over 30% (502/1332) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shared between at least two stresses, with 51 DEGs shared across all three stresses, in either leaf or root tissue. There was an overall bias toward up-regulation of DEGs, particularly in roots, and there were substantially more DEGs in roots vs. leaves. All 51 of the DEGs shared across these three stresses exhibited a common direction of response, and this pattern held for the subset of 26 DEGs that were also shared with low nutrient stress. Under nutrient stress, however, there were substantially more DEGs in leaves vs. roots, though there was a similar bias toward up-regulation. Taken together, these results add to a growing body of data on the genetic basis of phenotypic variation under stress, as well as the phenotypic and transcriptomic response of plants to a variety of abiotic stresses.
Download or read book Plant Breeding Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Crop Stress and its Management: Perspectives and Strategies by : B. Venkateswarlu
Download or read book Crop Stress and its Management: Perspectives and Strategies written by B. Venkateswarlu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crops experience an assortment of environmental stresses which include abiotic viz., drought, water logging, salinity, extremes of temperature, high variability in radiation, subtle but perceptible changes in atmospheric gases and biotic viz., insects, birds, other pests, weeds, pathogens (viruses and other microbes). The ability to tolerate or adapt and overwinter by effectively countering these stresses is a very multifaceted phenomenon. In addition, the inability to do so which renders the crops susceptible is again the result of various exogenous and endogenous interactions in the ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic stresses occur at various stages of plant development and frequently more than one stress concurrently affects the crop. Stresses result in both universal and definite effects on plant growth and development. One of the imposing tasks for the crop researchers globally is to distinguish and to diminish effects of these stress factors on the performance of crop plants, especially with respect to yield and quality of harvested products. This is of special significance in view of the impending climate change, with complex consequences for economically profitable and ecologically and environmentally sound global agriculture. The challenge at the hands of the crop scientist in such a scenario is to promote a competitive and multifunctional agriculture, leading to the production of highly nourishing, healthy and secure food and animal feed as well as raw materials for a wide variety of industrial applications. In order to successfully meet this challenge researchers have to understand the various aspects of these stresses in view of the current development from molecules to ecosystems. The book will focus on broad research areas in relation to these stresses which are in the forefront in contemporary crop stress research.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251305269 Total Pages :319 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis Manual on MUTATION BREEDING THIRD EDITION by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Manual on MUTATION BREEDING THIRD EDITION written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides guidelines for new high-throughput screening methods – both phenotypic and genotypic – to enable the detection of rare mutant traits, and reviews techniques for increasing the efficiency of crop mutation breeding.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sunflower by : Enrique Martínez-Force
Download or read book Sunflower written by Enrique Martínez-Force and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-08-12 with total page 731 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference delivers key information on all aspects of sunflower. With over 20 chapters, this book provides an extensive review of the latest developments in sunflower genetics, breeding, processing, quality, and utilization; including food, energy and industrial bioproduct applications. World-renowned experts in this field review U.S. and international practices, production, and processing aspects of sunflower. - Presents seven chapters on improving sunflower production with insights on breeding and genetics; physiology and agronomy; common insect and bird pests; mutagenesis; and identifying and preventing diseases. - Summarizes current knowledge of sunflower oil uses in food, oxididative stability, minor constituents, and lipids biosynthesis. - Ideal reference for scientists, researchers, and students from across industry, academia, and government.
Book Synopsis DNA Fingerprinting in Plants by : Kurt Weising
Download or read book DNA Fingerprinting in Plants written by Kurt Weising and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-02-28 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the explosive development of new molecular marker techniques over the last decade, newcomers and experts alike in the field of DNA fingerprinting will find an easy-to-follow guide to the multitude of techniques available in DNA Fingerprinting in Plants: Principles, Methods, and Applications, Second Edition. Along with step-by-step annotated p
Book Synopsis Plant & Soil Water Relationships: A Modern Synthesis by : Paul J. Kramer
Download or read book Plant & Soil Water Relationships: A Modern Synthesis written by Paul J. Kramer and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
