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Selected Studies Of The Durability Of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concretes
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Book Synopsis Selected Studies of the Durability of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Concretes by : Courtney Alyssa Watts
Download or read book Selected Studies of the Durability of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Concretes written by Courtney Alyssa Watts and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study reported herein investigates the performance of fly-ash-based geopolymer concretes (FA-GPC) when subjected to various durability tests. The durability of FA-GPC was examined for alkali silica reaction (ASR), chloride induced corrosion, carbonation, and sulfate attack. The ASR in FA-GPC was analyzed for three types of reactive aggregates (siliceous limestone, sandstone, and quartz). The effect of the ASR on FA-GPC was found to depend on the calcium contents of the fly ash (FA). FA-GPC made using Class F FA were found to be less vulnerable to ASR as compared with specimens made using Class C FA. Measured values of expansion were below the 0.1% limit specified by ASTM C1260 [2007, "Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method)," Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA] for all FA-GPC specimens. FA-GPC specimens made from Class F FA exhibited lower corrosion rates and porosity compared to their Class C FA-GPC and OPC counterparts. Overall, FA-GPC specimens showed limited signs of leaching or corrosion product formation, while OPC specimens exhibited the formation of multiple corrosion products along with significant leaching. Carbonation studies on FA-GPCs prepared with Class C and F FA suggested that carbonation had limited effect on geopolymer binders as rates were well below the threshold for initiation of corrosion. In addition, durability tests were performed on the effect of external sulfate attack on geopolymer concrete using calcium, sodium, and magnesium sulfates. The sulfate ingress treatment was accelerated using applied electro kinetics by applying a constant current density of 1 A/m2 for 1 week. A decrease in compressive strength was observed due to sodium and magnesium sulfates, while an increase was observed in the case of the calcium sulfates. Geopolymer concrete mortars and pastes perform satisfactorily when exposed to the three sulfate sources, but did not outmatch the performance of OPC Type V cements.
Book Synopsis Studies of Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Concrete by : Djwantoro Hardjito
Download or read book Studies of Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Concrete written by Djwantoro Hardjito and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main parameters affecting the compressive strength of hardened fly ash-based geopolymer concrete are the curing temperature and curing time, the molar H2O-to-Na2O ratio, and mixing time. Fresh fly ash-based geopolymer concrete has been able to remain workable up to at least 120 minutes without any sign of setting and without any degradation in the compressive strength. Providing a rest period for fresh concrete after casting before the start of curing up to five days increased the compressive strength of hardened concrete. The elastic properties of hardened fly ash-based geopolymer concrete, i,e. the modulus of elasticity, the Poisson\U+2019\s ratio, and the indirect tensile strength, are similar to those of ordinary Portland cement concrete. The stress-strain relations of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete fit well with the expression developed for ordinary Portland cement concrete.
Book Synopsis Performance And Durability Of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer As Concrete Repair Material by : Warid Wazien Ahmad Zailani
Download or read book Performance And Durability Of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer As Concrete Repair Material written by Warid Wazien Ahmad Zailani and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focuses on the development of geopolymer for the use as repair material in order to mend the damage of concrete structures. This research used fly ash as an aluminosilicate source material. Therefore, characterization of fly ash based geopolymer paste as repair binder was carried out using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) for chemical composition analysis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for phase analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to explore the microstructure of the samples. Specifically, the composition analysis of fly ash based geopolymer determine the suitability of source materials and XRD identify the phase of geopolymer which responsible for the strength of the geopolymer. The geopolymer at various sodium hydroxide molarity and various binder to sand ratio was optimized and evaluated using several mechanical testing such as compressive strength, bonding strength, and some testing during a fresh state of geopolymer such as density, workability, and setting time (initial and final). In order to evaluate the bonding strength, two types of binder were used in this study. The first type was the geopolymer which was used as a repair material. The second type was the OPC concrete substrate which was used to represent the damaged concrete structure. Furthermore, the microstructure at the interfacial transition zone was studied using the scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). This study could become a fundamentally important in relation to the use of geopolymer in the field of concrete infrastructure rehabilitation. Bonding mechanism between geopolymer and OPC concrete substrate was discussed details.
Book Synopsis Geopolymer Chemistry and Applications by : Joseph Davidovits
Download or read book Geopolymer Chemistry and Applications written by Joseph Davidovits and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can be done about the major concerns of our Global Economy on energy, global warming, sustainable development, user-friendly processes, and green chemistry? Here is an important contribution to the mastering of these phenomena today. Written by Joseph Davidovits, the inventor and founder of geopolymer science, it is an introduction to the subject for the newcomers, students, engineers and professionals. You will find science, chemistry, formulas and very practical information (including patents' excerpts) covering: - The mineral polymer concept: silicones and geopolymers, - Macromolecular structure of natural silicates and aluminosilicates, - Scientific Tools, X-rays, FTIR, NMR, - The synthesis of mineral geopolymers, Poly(siloxonate) and polysilicate, soluble silicate, Chemistry of (Na, K)-oligo-sialates: hydrous alumino-silicate gels and zeolites, Kaolinite / Hydrosodalite-based geopolymer, Metakaolin MK-750-based geopolymer, Calcium-based geopolymer, Rock-based geopolymer, Silica-based geopolymer, Fly ash-based geopolymer, Phosphate-based geopolymer, Organic-mineral geopolymer, - Properties: physical, chemical and long-term durability, - Applications: Quality controls, Development of user-friendly systems, Castable geopolymer, industrial and decorative applications, Geopolymer / fiber composites, Foamed geopolymer, Geopolymers in ceramic processing, Manufacture of geopolymer cement, Geopolymer concrete, Geopolymers in toxic and radioactive waste management. It is a textbook, a reference book instead of being a collection of scientific papers. Each chapter is followed by a bibliography of the relevant published literature including 80 patents, 125 tables, 363 figures, 560 references, 720 authors cited, representing the most up to date contributions of the scientific community. The industrial applications of geopolymers with engineering procedures and design of processes are also covered in this book
Download or read book Fly Ash in Concrete written by R C Joshi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-11-13 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since it was first recognized as a mineral admixture for concrete in the 1930's, fly ash has been the subject of worldwide study as researchers work to maximize its economical and environmental benefits. In recent years, investigations have focused on the physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of fly ash and their specific correlation to the performance of concrete. This book collects the latest results from these various studies and offers a complete review of the advantages of fly ash as an admixture in concrete, including strength development and improved chemical resistance and durability. A review of the current international standards on fly ash usage is provided, in addition to an extensive reference list and a complete survey of various other fly ash products, such as bricks, mineral wool and gypsum wall boards, as well as the use of fly ash in waste management.
Book Synopsis Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characterization of Fly Ash/Slag-Based Geopolymer with Limited OPC and Different Alkaline Activator Ratios by : Salem Aldawsari
Download or read book Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characterization of Fly Ash/Slag-Based Geopolymer with Limited OPC and Different Alkaline Activator Ratios written by Salem Aldawsari and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Different building materials have been used in construction for centuries to meet the accommodation needs. Building materials were primarily designed to tolerate the environmental impacts and to meet the demand. However, some of these materials did not survive in the past due to their engineering limitations and durability concerns. Concrete is among the survived ones and is considered one of the primary materials used on earth. Concrete is a composite material primarily composed of ordinary Portland cement, water, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate. Portland cement is the main binder component of regular concrete. Producing Portland cement requires a high amount of energy and heat, which corresponds to releasing carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and negatively impacts the environment. Geopolymer concrete is a promising material that can be produced using by-product materials such as fly ash and slag as prime binders of the concrete and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as alkaline activators. Gel phases formed from fly ash/slag-based geopolymer concrete are mainly sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) and calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C-A-S-H), and the limited replacement of OPC may improve the coexistence of these gels. In geopolymer concrete, aluminosilicate sources (fly ash and slag) do not react entirely to form sodium-aluminosilicate-hydrate and calcium-aluminosilicate-hydrate gel phases, and that produce deficient microstructural formation. Besides the gel formations deficiency, a part of the binders remains unreacted, which sequentially induces lower mechanical performance and a part of the aluminosilicate sources to be wasted. Thus, in this study, fly ash and slag combinations were used with limited OPC content as a maximum of 12% of the total binder to improve properties of the fly ash/slag-based geopolymers and increase the uptake of calcium that is provided from OPC. The low-calcium fly ash has a slow setting time, whereas ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) has a rapid setting time, and it is crucial in the evaluation in this study to measure the effect on the hydration time. Therefore, in the first stage of this research, the effect of OPC and Na2SiO3/NaOH (SS/SH) ratios on the setting time is a significant part of this study. Moreover, microstructural formation, gel phase identification, and elemental composition studies were evaluated besides the strength developments at certain ages to investigate the changes in the development of the binary system. For the setting time measurements, a penetrometer was modified to meet ASTM C191-Standard Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle. A different set of equipment and tools were used for compressive strength properties, including digital caliper, precision balance, 20-quarts mixer, vibrating table, diamond saw, and compressive strength testing equipment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were mainly used to assess microstructural characterizations and analysis of elemental compositions. Three sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratios were considered, and five batches were mixed in the first stage for each ratio. For each batch, a total of fifteen cylinder samples 2x4 inch were cast. In total, sixteen batches were mixed, including the geopolymer pastes and Portland cement pastes. At each testing age, five specimens were tested to record the maximum compressive strength according to ASTM C39-Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. For SEM/EDS analysis, three samples were tested for each SS/SH ratio. The three samples were prepared for the microscope following the ASTM C1723- Standard Guide for Examination of Hardened Concrete Using Scanning Electron Microscopy. In the second stage of this research, durability studies were conducted for up to 120 days. The specimens were soaked in two different environments: magnesium sulfate as the aggressive solution and regular tap water as the reference. The samples were cured for 28 days to reach sufficient maturity, and then test results were recorded at 56, 90, and 120 days. The studies concluded that the addition of Portland cement by minimal percentage as 3% and 6% content could significantly contribute to the hydration kinetics and the development of the low calcium fly ash/slag-based materials. Replacing GGBFS by 3% of OPC for R0.5 (SS/SH=0.5), R1.0 and R1.5 increased the initial setting time by 10%, 29%, and 4%, respectively. The effect of OPC on the final setting time was more pronounced using more OPC content. By increasing OPC content up to 6%, the final setting time increased by 18%, 14%, and 38% for R0.5, R1.0, and R1.5, respectively. The compressive strength results improved by 9.8%, 12.5%, and 7.0% with adding 3%, 6%, and 3% of OPC for R0.5, R1.0, and R1.0 at 120 days, respectively. In the microstructural analysis, the density of the hydrated products formed increased with increasing the SS/SH ratio. The SEM micrographs of the reaction products of R1.0 and R1.5 showed homogeneity and well-compactness. The microstructural formation improved significantly for R1.0 and R1.5 by using 6% and 3% of OPC, respectively, at 120 days. The elemental compositions analyses using EDS show significant shifts in the gel phases formed with OPC addition. The CaO/SiO2 revealed a substantial increasing trend with increasing OPC content, whereas the Al2O3/SiO2 ratio demonstrated a decreasing trend with increasing OPC content. Multiple gel phases co-existed in the final products formed, including N-A-S-H, C-N-A-S-H, C-A-S-H, and C-S-H. After the results of EDS analysis, the N-A-S-H gel phase was dominant in the control groups, whereas calcium-rich phases dominated the samples with OPC content. The durability studies showed that the increase in the SS/SH ratio from 1.0 to 1.5 increased the availability of the soluble silica. The existence of the free silica improved the dissolution of the precursors, which increased the reaction rate and improved the development of hydrated products.
Book Synopsis Strength and Durability of Fly Ash-based Fiber-reinforced Geopolymer Concrete in a Simulated Marine Environment by : Francisco Javier Martinez Rivera
Download or read book Strength and Durability of Fly Ash-based Fiber-reinforced Geopolymer Concrete in a Simulated Marine Environment written by Francisco Javier Martinez Rivera and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research is aimed at investigating the corrosion durability of polyolefin fiber-reinforced fly ash-based geopolymer structural concrete (hereafter referred to as GPC, in contradistinction to unreinforced geopolymer concrete referred to as simply geopolymer concrete), where cement is completely replaced by fly ash, that is activated by alkalis, sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. The durability in a marine environment is tested through an electrochemical method for accelerated corrosion. The GPC achieved compressive strengths in excess of 6,000 psi. Fiber reinforced beams contained polyolefin fibers in the amounts of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% by volume. After being subjected to corrosion damage, the GPC beams were analyzed through a method of crack scoring, steel mass loss, and residual flexural strength testing. Fiber reinforced GPC beams showed greater resistance to corrosion damage with higher residual flexural strength. This makes GPC an attractive material for use in submerged marine structures
Book Synopsis Alkali Activated Materials by : John L. Provis
Download or read book Alkali Activated Materials written by John L. Provis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a State of the Art Report resulting from the work of RILEM Technical Committee 224-AAM in the period 2007-2013. The Report summarises research to date in the area of alkali-activated binders and concretes, with a particular focus on the following areas: binder design and characterisation, durability testing, commercialisation, standardisation, and providing a historical context for this rapidly-growing research field.
Download or read book Fly Ash in Concrete written by K. Wesche and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a state-of-the-art report which documents current knowledge on the properties of fly ash in concrete and the use of fly ash in construction. It includes RILEM Recommendations on fly ash in concrete and a comprehensive bibliography including over 800 references.
Book Synopsis Strength and Durability of Fly Ash Geopolymers by : Suresh Thokchom
Download or read book Strength and Durability of Fly Ash Geopolymers written by Suresh Thokchom and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-02 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geopolymers are new binding material made from mostly waste material by activating with an alkaline solution. This material has high early strength, excellent durability in acids and sulphates and also reported to be highly resistant to elevated temperatures. It is considered to be an alternative to portland cement binders. Geopolymer has, of late attracted a lot of attention from civil engineers and material scientists as well. With further research, this material can be expected to revolutionize the construction industry in the near future. This book is an outcome of an extensive experimental study on strength and durability of fly ash based geopolymer composites. Geopolymer pastes and mortars made with varying alkali and silica contents are exposed to different acids of varying concentrations.They are found to be highly resistant to acids on the basis of weight and strength changes, microstructural and mineralogical changes.
Book Synopsis Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete by : Peter Hewlett
Download or read book Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete written by Peter Hewlett and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-11-12 with total page 1087 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete deals with the chemical and physical properties of cements and concretes and their relation to the practical problems that arise in manufacture and use. As such it is addressed not only to the chemist and those concerned with the science and technology of silicate materials, but also to those interested in the use of concrete in building and civil engineering construction. Much attention is given to the suitability of materials, to the conditions under which concrete can excel and those where it may deteriorate and to the precautionary or remedial measures that can be adopted. First published in 1935, this is the fourth edition and the first to appear since the death of Sir Frederick Lea, the original author. Over the life of the first three editions, this book has become the authority on its subject. The fourth edition is edited by Professor Peter C. Hewlett, Director of the British Board of Agrement and visiting Industrial Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Dundee. Professor Hewlett has brought together a distinguished body of international contributors to produce an edition which is a worthy successor to the previous editions.
Book Synopsis Strength and Durability of Residential Concretes Containing Fly Ash by : David Whiting
Download or read book Strength and Durability of Residential Concretes Containing Fly Ash written by David Whiting and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Alkali-Activated Cements, Mortars and Concretes by : F. Pacheco-Torgal
Download or read book Handbook of Alkali-Activated Cements, Mortars and Concretes written by F. Pacheco-Torgal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an updated state-of-the-art review on new developments in alkali-activation. The main binder of concrete, Portland cement, represents almost 80% of the total CO2 emissions of concrete which are about 6 to 7% of the Planet's total CO2 emissions. This is particularly serious in the current context of climate change and it could get even worse because the demand for Portland cement is expected to increase by almost 200% by 2050 from 2010 levels, reaching 6000 million tons/year. Alkali-activated binders represent an alternative to Portland cement having higher durability and a lower CO2 footprint. - Reviews the chemistry, mix design, manufacture and properties of alkali-activated cement-based concrete binders - Considers performance in adverse environmental conditions. - Offers equal emphasis on the science behind the technology and its use in civil engineering.
Book Synopsis Durability Related Properties of Low Calcium Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete by : Monita Olivia
Download or read book Durability Related Properties of Low Calcium Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete written by Monita Olivia and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concrete mixtures were developed using the Taguchi optimization method. Three mixtures, labelled T4, T7, T10 and a control mix were investigated further. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, Young\U+2019\s Modulus of Elasticity were determined for each mix. In addition the water absorption/AVPV and drying shrinkage were also measured. The seawater resistance study comprises chloride ion penetration, change in strength, change in mass, change in Young\U+2019\s Modulus of Elasticity, change in effective porosity and change in length. The corrosion performance of steel reinforcement bars in fly ash geopolymer concrete was determined by measuring the corrosion potential by half-cell potential, accelerated corrosion test by impressed voltage method and microbiologically influenced corrosion incorporating algae. The microstructure of the samples was also investigated using SEM and microscope.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of SECON'19 by : Kaustubh Dasgupta
Download or read book Proceedings of SECON'19 written by Kaustubh Dasgupta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-17 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 3rd National Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management (SECON’19), held in Angamaly, Kerala, India, on 15-16 May 2019. The meeting served as a fertile platform for discussion, sharing sound knowledge and introducing novel ideas on issues related to sustainable construction and design for the future. The respective contributions address various aspects of numerical modeling and simulation in structural engineering, structural dynamics and earthquake engineering, advanced analysis and design of foundations, BIM, building energy management, and technical project management. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable, up-to-date tool and essential overview of the subject for scientists and practitioners alike, and will inspire further investigations and research.
Book Synopsis Durability of Fly Ash Concrete by : Galen Eugene Morris
Download or read book Durability of Fly Ash Concrete written by Galen Eugene Morris and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Dr. SS. Asadi & Dr. Vennam Swathi Publisher :Laxmi Book Publication ISBN 13 :1304796221 Total Pages :107 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (47 download)
Book Synopsis INCEPTION OF HIGH-VOLUME FLY ASH WITH HYBRID FIBRE BASED CONCRETE : A PERFORMER by : Dr. SS. Asadi & Dr. Vennam Swathi
Download or read book INCEPTION OF HIGH-VOLUME FLY ASH WITH HYBRID FIBRE BASED CONCRETE : A PERFORMER written by Dr. SS. Asadi & Dr. Vennam Swathi and published by Laxmi Book Publication. This book was released on 2024-01-20 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When infrastructure is built quickly, development occurs. Concrete is the go-to material for construction projects. Manufacturing cement is a significant contributor to atmospheric carbon dioxide. Using carbon-neutral materials like crimson mud or powdered snail shells can reduce cement's carbon dioxide emissions by half. As an adaptable alternative to traditional concrete, HVFA concrete has many uses. Long-lasting and useful in Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) projects, fly ash also enhances concrete's workability. The positive effects of fly ash on the environment, such as lower carbon dioxide emissions, are not new. Adding fly ash to concrete increases its strength and segregation, which reduces its price and makes it simpler to pump.
