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Seismic Performance Of A Two Column Bridge Bent With Offset Plastic Hinges And Innovative Cfrp Composite On Flexible Footings
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Book Synopsis Seismic Performance of a Two-column Bridge Bent with Offset Plastic Hinges and Innovative CFRP Composite on Flexible Footings by : Erik W. Reinhardt
Download or read book Seismic Performance of a Two-column Bridge Bent with Offset Plastic Hinges and Innovative CFRP Composite on Flexible Footings written by Erik W. Reinhardt and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Preliminary Study of Shake Table Response of a Two-column Bridge Bent on Flexible Footings by :
Download or read book A Preliminary Study of Shake Table Response of a Two-column Bridge Bent on Flexible Footings written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Performance Design Criteria for Bridge Bent Plastic Hinge Regions by : A. K. M. Golam Murtuz
Download or read book Seismic Performance Design Criteria for Bridge Bent Plastic Hinge Regions written by A. K. M. Golam Murtuz and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this research was to quantify the material strain limits for seismic assessment of existing sub-standard reinforced concrete bridge bents considering operational performance design criteria. Limited confidence exists in the current material strain limit state for operational performance criteria due to lack of experimental results considering the typical detailing of Oregon bridges and the cumulative damage effect resulting from an anticipated long-duration Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) event. Component details for bridge bents such as geometry and reinforcing details were determined through a statistical analysis of available bridge drawings built prior to 1990 in the State of Oregon. Three full-scale bridge bent column-footing subassembly specimens were constructed and subjected to reverse cyclic lateral deformations utilizing a traditional loading protocol and a protocol representing the demands expected from a CSZ earthquake. The tests were designed so that variable axial loading could be applied in order to simulate the secondary effects experienced in a column that is part of a multi-column bent during an earthquake event. Material strains along with global and local deformation quantities were measured with a suite of external and internal sensors mounted to and embedded in the specimens. Despite having sub-standard seismic detailing, all three specimens exhibited ductile behavior under reverse cyclic lateral loading, achieving a minimum displacement ductility of 8.0. The obtained results also suggest that the material strain limits currently used for the seismic evaluation of existing bridges in Oregon considering operational performance criteria are conservative, but may still require further experimental validation. Finally, strain limits based on previous research at Portland State University (PSU) were compiled and combined with the results from this study to propose recommended strain limit values.
Book Synopsis Seismic Performance and Retrofit of Multi-column Bridge Bents by : David I. McLean
Download or read book Seismic Performance and Retrofit of Multi-column Bridge Bents written by David I. McLean and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Performance Design Criteria of Existing Bridge Bent Plastic Hinge Region and Rapid Repair Measures of Earthquake Damaged Bridges Considering Future Resilience by :
Download or read book Seismic Performance Design Criteria of Existing Bridge Bent Plastic Hinge Region and Rapid Repair Measures of Earthquake Damaged Bridges Considering Future Resilience written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this research was to evaluate the seismic performance of existing sub-standard reinforced concrete (RC) bridge column-spread footing subassemblies and to quantify the material strain limits through a full-scale experimental program. A total of six column-footing test specimens with pre-1990 construction details were subjected to reverse cyclic lateral loading, utilizing a conventional three-cycle symmetric loading protocol and a protocol representing the demands expected from a CSZ earthquake. Additionally, the tests were designed so that variable axial loading could be applied to simulate the secondary load effects experienced during an earthquake in a column that is part of a multi-column bent. A rapid repair method incorporating semi-permanent installation was also developed, anticipating the need for quick measures following the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquake, which is expected to damage the existing bridges in the Pacific Northwest and spread geographically throughout the region. The proposed repair methodology uses capacity design principles to protect the remainder of the bridge from future earthquakes and eradicates the need for establishing rebar continuity, resulting in a less labor-intensive repair method. The adopted concept is to utilize U-shaped metallic plates as externally attached ductile fuses to be anchored to the non-damaged part of the column, hence bypassing the damaged zone to restore the lateral capacity.
Book Synopsis Seismic Performance and Failure Behavior of Plastic Hinge Regions in Flexural Bridge Columns by : Yael D. Hose
Download or read book Seismic Performance and Failure Behavior of Plastic Hinge Regions in Flexural Bridge Columns written by Yael D. Hose and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental and Analytical Seismic Studies of a Four-span Bridge System with Innovative Materials by : Carlos Alonso Cruz-Noguez
Download or read book Experimental and Analytical Seismic Studies of a Four-span Bridge System with Innovative Materials written by Carlos Alonso Cruz-Noguez and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 1524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of a multi-university project utilizing the NSF Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES), a quarter-scale model of a four-span bridge incorporating plastic hinges with different advanced materials was tested to failure on the three shake table system at the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR). The bridge was the second test model in a series of three 4-span bridges, with the first model being a conventional reinforced-concrete (RC) structure. The purpose of incorporating advanced materials was to improve the seismic performance of the bridge with respect to two damage indicators: (1) column damage and (2) permanent deformations. The goals of the study presented in this document were to (1) evaluate the seismic performance of a 4-span bridge system incorporating SMA/ECC and built-in rubber pad plastic hinges as well as post-tensioned piers, (2) quantify the relative merit of these advanced materials and details compared to each other and to conventional reinforced concrete plastic hinges, (3) determine the influence of abutment-superstructure interaction on the response, (4) examine the ability of available elaborate analytical modeling techniques to model the performance of advanced materials and details, and (5) conduct an extensive parametric study of different variations of the bridge model to study several important issues in bridge earthquake engineering. The bridge model included six columns, each pair of which utilized a different advanced detail at bottom plastic hinges: shape memory alloys (SMA), special engineered cementitious composites (ECC), elastomeric pads embedded into columns, and post-tensioning tendons. The design of the columns, location of the bents, and selection of the loading protocol were based on pre-test analyses conducted using computer program OpenSees. The bridge model was subjected to two-horizontal components of simulated earthquake records of the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Over 340 channels of data were collected. The test results showed the effectiveness of the advanced materials in reducing damage and permanent displacements. The damage was minimal in plastic hinges with SMA/ECC and those with built-in elastomeric pads. Conventional RC plastic hinges were severely damaged due to spalling of concrete and rupture of the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. Extensive post-test analytical studies were conducted and it was determined that a computational model of the bridge that included bridge-abutment interaction using OpenSees was able to provide satisfactory estimations of key structural parameters such as superstructure displacements and base shears. The analytical model was also used to conduct parametric studies on single-column and bridge-system response under near-fault ground motions. The effects of vertical excitations and transverse shear-keys at the bridge abutments on the superstructure displacement and column drifts were also explored.
Book Synopsis Structural Response and Cost Characterization of Bridge Construction Using Seismic Performance Enhancement Strategies by : Ady Aviram Traubita
Download or read book Structural Response and Cost Characterization of Bridge Construction Using Seismic Performance Enhancement Strategies written by Ady Aviram Traubita and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The improved seismic performance and cost-effectiveness of two innovative performance-enhancement technologies in typical reinforced concrete bridge construction in California were assessed in an analytical and experimental study. The technologies considered were lead rubber bearing isolators located underneath the superstructure and fiber-reinforced concrete for the construction of bridge piers. A typical five-span, single column-bent reinforced concrete overpass bridge was redesigned using the two strategies and modeled in OpenSees finite element program. Two alternative designs of the isolated bridge were considered; one with columns designed to remain elastic and the other such that minor yielding occurs in the columns (maximum displacement ductility demand of 2). The analytical model of the fiber-reinforced concrete bridge columns was calibrated using the results from two bidirectional cyclic tests on approximately 0¼-scale circular cantilever column specimens constructed using concrete with a 1.5% volume fraction of high-strength hooked steel fibers, relaxed transverse reinforcement, and two different longitudinal reinforcement details for the plastic hinge zone. Pushover and nonlinear time history analyses using 140 ground motions were carried out for the different bridge systems. The PEER performance-based earthquake engineering methodology was used to compute the post-earthquake repair cost and repair time of the bridges. Fragility curves displaying the probability of exceeding a specific repair cost and repair time thresholds were developed. The total cost of the bridges included the cost of new construction and post-earthquake repair cost required for a 75 year design life of the structures. The intensity-dependent repair time model for the different bridges was computed in terms of crew working days representing repair efforts. A financial analysis was performed that accounted for a wide range of discount rates and confidence intervals in the estimation of the mean annual post-earthquake repair cost. Despite slightly higher initial construction costs, considerable economic benefits and structural improvements were obtained from the use of the two performance-enhancement techniques considered, in comparison to the fixed-base conventionally reinforced concrete bridge, especially seismic isolation. The isolation of the bridge superstructure resulted in a significant reduction in both column and abutment displacement and force demands. The repair time of the isolated bridges was also significantly reduced, leading to continuous operation of the highway systems and reduced indirect economic losses. The experimental and analytical results also demonstrated that the use of fiber-reinforced concrete to build bridge columns leads to improved damage-tolerance, shear strength, and energy dissipation under cyclic loading compared to conventional reinforced concrete columns. These improvements result in better seismic performance and lower total 75-year cost of the fiber-reinforced column bridges.
Book Synopsis Research Project Work Plan for Seismic Performance Design Criteria for Existing Bridge Bent Plastic Hinge Regions by : Peter Dusicka
Download or read book Research Project Work Plan for Seismic Performance Design Criteria for Existing Bridge Bent Plastic Hinge Regions written by Peter Dusicka and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Performance of RC Bridge Columns Reinforced with Two Interlocking Spirals by : Juan F. Correal
Download or read book Seismic Performance of RC Bridge Columns Reinforced with Two Interlocking Spirals written by Juan F. Correal and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Design of Pipe-pin Connections in Concrete Bridges by : Arash Esmaili Zaghi
Download or read book Seismic Design of Pipe-pin Connections in Concrete Bridges written by Arash Esmaili Zaghi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Telescopic pipe-pin two-way hinges are used in concrete bridges to eliminate moments while transferring shear and axial loads from integral bridge bent caps to reinforced concrete columns. The hinges consist of a steel pipe that is anchored in column with a protruded segment that extends into the bent cap. In the absence of experimental and analytical studies, design of pipe-pin hinges has been based on pure shear capacity of the steel pipe. The primary objective of this research was two folds: (1) to investigate the seismic performance of the current detail of pipe-pin hinges and propose necessary modifications and (2) to develop a reliable design method for pipe-pin hinges that reflects their actual behavior. This research was comprised of comprehensive experimental and analytical studies of pipe-pin connections and their components including a shake table study of a two-column pier model. The experimental component of the study included three sets of test models: (1) six push-off specimens to evaluate the bearing strength of concrete against the steel pipe, (2) six pure shear specimens to determine the yielding and ultimate shear capacities, and (3) a two-column 0.2-scale bridge pier model incorporating pipe-pin hinges that were designed based on the proposed guideline. The pier model was used to evaluate the new design method under earthquake excitation. The experiments showed that the lateral failure mechanism is typically controlled by concrete diagonal tensile cracking of the column in combination with flexural yielding of the steel pipe as opposed to pure shear, although the pure shear failure mode should be considered when a large amount of lateral steel is used in the column. Another possible mode of failure is bearing failure of the concrete around the pipe in heavily reinforced columns. The shake table experiment of the pier model confirmed that the proposed design method meets the safety and performance requirements under seismic loading. The analytical studies consisted of (1) a stick model in SAP2000 that was developed for pipe shear key subassemblies, (2) detailed nonlinear FE models using ABAQUS that were used to performed an extensive parametric study in order to shed light on different aspects of the behavior and generate the required data for the design guideline, and (3) a model in OpenSees that utilized a macro model for the pipe-pin hinges. The experimental and analytical results helped identify the means to improve the performance of current pipe-pin hinge details. The pipe studs and spiral around the can proved to be unnecessary and were eliminated in the proposed standard detail. A thicker tapered hinge throat was suggested to solve the problem of local concrete damage to the throat and column edges. As a possible extension of pipe-pin application, a study was conducted on pipe-pins combined with isolation and damping systems. The analytical modeling of these details showed that modified connections can reduce the demands on the structure by dissipating a major portion of the earthquake energy.
Book Synopsis Experimental and Analytical Seismic Studies of a Four-span Bridge System with Composite Piers by : Fatemeh Kavianipour
Download or read book Experimental and Analytical Seismic Studies of a Four-span Bridge System with Composite Piers written by Fatemeh Kavianipour and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Funded by the National Science Foundation through the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) research program, a major multi-university research project has been in progress at the University of Nevada, Reno. This study describes the study of one of the three large-scale bridge models that were tested to failure on three shake tables system. This model was supported on fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite piers implementing accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques. The bridge was a quarter scale model of a 4-span bridge with continuous reinforced concrete superstructure and a drop cap, two-column pier design. Each pier utilized different unconventional FRP details. The purpose of using these innovative details was to improve the seismic performance of the bridge. The first pier consisted of cast-in-place concrete-filled glass FRP tubes with ±55 degree fibers. The second pier consisted of two segmental reinforced concrete columns wrapped with layers of unidirectional carbon FRP sheets to provide confinement and shear reinforcement. Only nominal hoops were used to hold the longitudinal reinforcement, as FRP jacket and tube were sufficient in providing confinement and shear required reinforcement. The third pier had the same configuration as that of pier 1 but the columns and footing were precast. The top connections in piers 1 and 3 consisted of pipe-pin joints to facilitate ABC and provide hinge behavior. The objectives of the study presented in this document were to evaluate the biaxial seismic performance of this bridge system incorporating composite piers, investigate the performance of each detail and compared them to each other and to conventional ones, determine the influence of abutment-superstructure interaction on the response, assess the performance of a bridge model incorporating ABC techniques, evaluate sufficiency of analytical modeling of the performance of composite material and details, and to conduct parametric study of different variations of the bridge model to study the effect of several important factors such as near-fault earthquake effects and the variations in the configuration of the bridge model. large-scale 4-span bridge model was designed, constructed, and subjected to simulated earthquake loading on three shake tables. The simulated shake table motions were the modified 1994 Northridge, CA ground motion recorded in Century City and were applied to the bridge model in ten runs with increasing amplitudes. Over 380 channels of data were collected. Compared to conventional reinforced concrete bridges, experimental results showed superior performance under extreme seismic loading even under lateral drift ratios exceeding 9%. Extensive post-test analytical studies were conducted and it was determined that a computational model of the bridge that included bridge-abutment interaction using OpenSees was able to provide satisfactory estimations of key structural response parameters such as superstructure displacements. The analytical model was also used to conduct parametric studies on response of the bridge model and its variations under near-fault excitations. The effects of changing the column section properties were also explored. It was found that concrete-filled FRP tube piers and CFRP wrapped post-tensioned segmental piers reduce residual displacements compared to their conventional reinforced concrete counter parts even under impulsive near-fault motions.
Book Synopsis A Pre-tensioned Bent System for Accelerated Bridge Construction in Seismic Regions by : Ólafur Sveinn Haraldsson
Download or read book A Pre-tensioned Bent System for Accelerated Bridge Construction in Seismic Regions written by Ólafur Sveinn Haraldsson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly all bridge bents (intermediate supports) are constructed of cast-in-place reinforced concrete. Such bridges have served the nation well in the past, but to meet current design expectations, they need to be improved in three areas: 1) speed of construction, 2) seismic resiliency, and 3) durability. Building on previous research at the University of Washington (Hieber et al. 2005, Wacker et al. 2005, Pang et al. 2010, and Haraldsson et al. 2013), a new pre-tensioned bent system has been developed to address these needs. The system consists of 1) precast technology that reduces construction time, 2) unbonded pre-tensioning that minimizes post-earthquake displacements, and 3) high-performance materials that extend the bridge's life-span. Davis et al. (2012) tested a version of the system using conventional concrete in the plastic hinge regions. They found that pre-tensioning improved the system's re-centering capabilities but led to earlier bar buckling and bar fracture than in previously tested RC columns. In order to delay bar buckling and bar fracture, the system was modified to include Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HyFRC) in the plastic hinge regions. This composite concrete has been shown to exhibit superior durability and cracking resistance (Ostertag et al. 2007). The effect of the HyFRC on the pre-tensioned bent system was investigated both with quasi-static and dynamic tests. The quasi-static tests showed that using HyFRC in the plastic hinge region increased column ductility; in all cases the column maintained more than 80% of its strength up to a drift ratio of 10%. The HyFRC also delayed spalling of the concrete, but it did not significantly increase the drift ratios at the onset of bar buckling and bar fracture. The shake-table tests of a cantilever column, which was designed to re-center up to a drift ratio of 3.0%, showed that the new system had lower expected residual drifts than columns constructed with conventional cast-in place methods. The pre-tensioned column had a residual drift of 0.23% after experiencing a peak drift ratio of 5.5%. In contrast, the companion reference column, constructed using cast-in-place technology, had a residual drift ratio of 0.83% after experiencing a peak drift ratio of 5.7%. A numerical model in OpenSees was developed and calibrated with a set of 34 RC quasi-static, cyclic tests. This model was calibrated using a concrete constitutive model that takes into account concrete early reloading, developed as part of this research, and used commonly used steel constitutive models; Giuffre-Menegotto-Pinto's (Steel02) model, and Moehle and Kunnath's (ReinforcingSteel) model. The simulations showed improved accuracy in comparison to previous research (e.g., Berry and Eberhard 2007), and showed that the response of the system was affected more by the chosen steel model than by the concrete model. The results of these simulations were used to make predictions of the response of five columns tested on the UC Berkeley shake table. These simulations showed that models built using the proposed strategy predict peak displacements quite accurately, especially at the yield and design level, but do not accurately capture residual displacements.
Book Synopsis Seismic Performance Evaluation of Multi Column Bridge Bent Retrofitted with Different Alternatives by : Abu Hena MD Muntasir Billah
Download or read book Seismic Performance Evaluation of Multi Column Bridge Bent Retrofitted with Different Alternatives written by Abu Hena MD Muntasir Billah and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design by :
Download or read book Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design written by and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2010 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition is based on the work of NCHRP project 20-7, task 262 and updates the 2nd (1999) edition -- P. ix.
Book Synopsis AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design by :
Download or read book AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design written by and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2011 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work offers guidance on bridge design for extreme events induced by human beings. This document provides the designer with information on the response of concrete bridge columns subjected to blast loads as well as blast-resistant design and detailing guidelines and analytical models of blast load distribution. The content of this guideline should be considered in situations where resisting blast loads is deemed warranted by the owner or designer.
Author :American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Publisher :AASHTO ISBN 13 :1560514698 Total Pages :38 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (65 download)
Book Synopsis LRFD Guide Specifications for the Design of Pedestrian Bridges by : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
Download or read book LRFD Guide Specifications for the Design of Pedestrian Bridges written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2009 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
