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Seismic Modeling Quantifying And Protection Of Highway Bridges Considering Shaking And Lateral Spreading
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Book Synopsis Seismic Modeling, Quantifying and Protection of Highway Bridges Considering Shaking and Lateral Spreading by : Yazhou Xie
Download or read book Seismic Modeling, Quantifying and Protection of Highway Bridges Considering Shaking and Lateral Spreading written by Yazhou Xie and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation systematically addresses the modeling, quantifying, and protection of highway bridges against earthquake hazards. Firstly, the research substantially improves the p-y spring based simulation method to predict the seismic responses of highway bridges that accounts for various soil-structure interaction effects. Closed-form formulae are provided for the p-y spring input parameters to capture the bridge-embankment interaction effects, based on which an integrated step-by-step modeling procedure is developed. The procedure is applied to simulate the seismic responses of a well instrumented highway overcrossing and validated against the recorded responses during the 1992 Petrolia earthquake. Secondly, the study derives a response modification factor to quantify the relative impact of liquefaction induced lateral spreading with respect to seismic shaking on column drifts for highway bridges. The column drift response under lateral spreading is correlated to the crust layer energy imposed on the pile foundation at bridge piers. Under seismic shaking, the column drift ratio is directly related to the peak ground acceleration. By normalizing the column drift under the lateral spreading to that of under the seismic shaking, the proposed modification factor captures key features of how columns respond under both lateral spreading and seismic shaking, and offers reliable column drift demand predictions. Thirdly, this study investigates the effectiveness and optimal design of seismic protective devices for highway bridges. Component-level fragility functions are developed by using the probabilistic seismic demand analysis. To transparently quantify the bridge performance at the system level, seismic repair cost ratios are derived to combine damage probabilities, damage ratios and replacement costs of critical bridge components. Thereafter, a multi-objective genetic optimization method with the Pareto optimal concept is employed to identify the optimal design parameters of protective devices. Subsequently, the research derives a consistent performance index to facilitate the performance-based design and optimization of seismic protective devices. By converting the system-level repair cost ratio to be a function of median-level engineering demand parameters, a uniform design surface is generated for various protection designs. The derived surface can be easily implemented in the performance-based seismic protection design and optimization without iteratively updating the design goal when a new group of design parameters are considered. The robustness of the proposed method is examined in a case study to identify the optimal protection designs by using a genetic optimization scheme. Lastly, the study derives the seismic demand models for bridge rocking columns with foundation on rigid supports when subject to horizontal near-fault strong motions. The system equations of motion are derived and solved to incorporate the column flexibility and the rocking impact mechanism. By representing the near-fault ground motions with corresponding pulses, dimensional analyses are carried out to regress the closed-form expressions of system's drift and uplift demands. A rigorous validation process is implemented to demonstrate that the proposed models can be used with confidence to predict the seismic demands of the rocking system directly from structural and ground motion characteristics.
Author :National Cooperative Highway Research Program Publisher :Transportation Research Board ISBN 13 :0309067537 Total Pages :55 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Specification for the Seismic Design of Bridges by : National Cooperative Highway Research Program
Download or read book Comprehensive Specification for the Seismic Design of Bridges written by National Cooperative Highway Research Program and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2002 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Next Generation Seismic Fragility Curves for California Bridges Incorporating the Evolution in Seismic Design Philosophy by : Karthik Narayan Ramanathan
Download or read book Next Generation Seismic Fragility Curves for California Bridges Incorporating the Evolution in Seismic Design Philosophy written by Karthik Narayan Ramanathan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative and qualitative assessment of the seismic risk to highway bridges is crucial in pre-earthquake planning, and post-earthquake response of transportation systems. Such assessments provide valuable knowledge about a number of principal effects of earthquakes such as traffic disruption of the overall highway system, impact on the regions' economy and post-earthquake response and recovery, and more recently serve as measures to quantify resilience. Unlike previous work, this study captures unique bridge design attributes specific to California bridge classes along with their evolution over three significant design eras, separated by the historic 1971 San Fernando and 1989 Loma Prieta earthquakes (these events affected changes in bridge seismic design philosophy). This research developed next-generation fragility curves for four multispan concrete bridge classes by synthesizing new knowledge and emerging modeling capabilities, and by closely coordinating new and ongoing national research initiatives with expertise from bridge designers. A multi-phase framework was developed for generating fragility curves, which provides decision makers with essential tools for emergency response, design, planning, policy support, and maximizing investments in bridge retrofit. This framework encompasses generational changes in bridge design and construction details. Parameterized high-fidelity three-dimensional nonlinear analytical models are developed for the portfolios of bridge classes within different design eras. These models incorporate a wide range of geometric and material uncertainties, and their responses are characterized under seismic loadings. Fragility curves were then developed considering the vulnerability of multiple components and thereby help to quantify the performance of highway bridge networks and to study the impact of seismic design principles on the performance within a bridge class. This not only leads to the development of fragility relations that are unique and better suited for bridges in California, but also leads to the creation of better bridge classes and sub-bins that have more consistent performance characteristics than those currently provided by the National Bridge Inventory. Another important feature of this research is associated with the development of damage state definitions and grouping of bridge components in a way that they have similar consequences in terms of repair and traffic implications following a seismic event. These definitions are in alignment with the California Department of Transportation's design and operational experience, thereby enabling better performance assessment, emergency response, and management in the aftermath of a seismic event. The fragility curves developed as a part of this research will be employed in ShakeCast, a web-based post-earthquake situational awareness application that automatically retrieves earthquake shaking data and generates potential damage assessment notifications for emergency managers and responders.
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Modeling of Texas Highway Bridges for Seismic Response-history Analysis by : Vyacheslav Oleksiyovich Prakhov
Download or read book Nonlinear Modeling of Texas Highway Bridges for Seismic Response-history Analysis written by Vyacheslav Oleksiyovich Prakhov and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A recent increase in the number of earthquakes across the state of Texas has raised concerns about seismic performance of highway bridges in the state inventory, the vast majority of which were not explicitly designed to withstand earthquake loading. Potential causes of seismic damage include column shear failure due to low transverse reinforcement rations and non-seismic detailing, girder unseating due to excessive bearing deformation or instability, deck pounding, and others. The objective of the study is to develop bridge numerical models for nonlinear response-history analysis taking into consideration Texas-specific design and detailing practices. Using the models developed, the fragility of Texas bridges can be analyzed and systematically quantified, allowing state highway officials to efficiently identify the bridges most likely to be damaged after an earthquake. Component models for all major bridge parts were developed for this study, including the superstructure, deck joint, bearing, bent, foundation, and abutment. The models were developed based on past experimental, analytical, and numerical work from the literature, accounting for the mass, stiffness, and damping properties of each bridge component. Damage was accounted for using nonlinear hinge models capable of simulating stiffness-degradation and hysteretic behavior based on specific properties and expected limit states of each bridge component. Finally, a MATLAB script was developed to assemble bridge component models into full bridge models depending on user input of geometric and material properties of an individual bridge sample.
Author :Mark Yashinsky Publisher :National Information Centre of Earthquake Engineering ISBN 13 : Total Pages :204 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Seismic Protection for Bridges by : Mark Yashinsky
Download or read book Fundamentals of Seismic Protection for Bridges written by Mark Yashinsky and published by National Information Centre of Earthquake Engineering. This book was released on 2003 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With special reference to United States.
Book Synopsis Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering for Protection and Development of Environment and Constructions by : Francesco Silvestri
Download or read book Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering for Protection and Development of Environment and Constructions written by Francesco Silvestri and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-19 with total page 8083 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering for Protection and Development of Environment and Constructions contains invited, keynote and theme lectures and regular papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (Rome, Italy, 17-20 June 2019. The contributions deal with recent developments and advancements as well as case histories, field monitoring, experimental characterization, physical and analytical modelling, and applications related to the variety of environmental phenomena induced by earthquakes in soils and their effects on engineered systems interacting with them. The book is divided in the sections below: Invited papers Keynote papers Theme lectures Special Session on Large Scale Testing Special Session on Liquefact Projects Special Session on Lessons learned from recent earthquakes Special Session on the Central Italy earthquake Regular papers Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering for Protection and Development of Environment and Constructions provides a significant up-to-date collection of recent experiences and developments, and aims at engineers, geologists and seismologists, consultants, public and private contractors, local national and international authorities, and to all those involved in research and practice related to Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering.
Book Synopsis Advanced Models for Sliding Seismic Isolation and Applications for Typical Multi-span Highway Bridges by : Murat Eroz
Download or read book Advanced Models for Sliding Seismic Isolation and Applications for Typical Multi-span Highway Bridges written by Murat Eroz and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The large number of bridge collapses that have occurred in recent earthquakes has exposed the vulnerabilities in existing bridges. One of the emerging tools for protecting bridges from the damaging effects of earthquakes is the use of isolation systems. Seismic isolation is achieved via inserting flexible isolator elements into the bridge that shift the vibration period and increase energy dissipation. To date, the structural performance of bridges incorporating sliding seismic isolation is not well-understood, in part due to the lack of adequate models that can account for the complex behavior of the isolators. This study investigates and makes recommendations on the structural performance of bridges utilizing sliding type seismic isolators, based on the development of state-of-the-art analytical models. Unlike previous models, these models can account simultaneously for the variation in the normal force and friction coefficient, large deformation effects, and the coupling of the vertical and horizontal response during motion. The intention is to provide support for seismic risk mitigation and insight for the analysis and design of seismically isolated bridges by quantifying response characteristics. The level of accuracy required for isolator analytical models used in typical highway bridges are assessed. The comparative viability of the two main isolator types (i.e. sliding and elastomeric) for bridges is investigated. The influence of bridge and sliding isolator design parameters on the system s seismic response is illustrated.
Book Synopsis Response of Bridges to Lateral Spreading and Earthquake Shaking by : Minxing Zhao
Download or read book Response of Bridges to Lateral Spreading and Earthquake Shaking written by Minxing Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design by :
Download or read book Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design written by and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2010 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition is based on the work of NCHRP project 20-7, task 262 and updates the 2nd (1999) edition -- P. ix.
Book Synopsis Seismic Behavior Analysis of Concrete Highway Bridges Based on Field Monitoring and Shaking Table Test Data by : Andrea Zampieri
Download or read book Seismic Behavior Analysis of Concrete Highway Bridges Based on Field Monitoring and Shaking Table Test Data written by Andrea Zampieri and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data collected from an instrumented large-scale bridge specimen during shaking table tests are also analyzed to gain insight about the response of the bridge bents during the earthquakes, and propose a strategy to model their seismic behavior. Information from modal identification and the shaking table tests analyses are instrumental in developing a nonlinear finite element model of the bridge, calibrated employing a multistage finite element model updating strategy. In order to evaluate the significance of using the structural-health-monitoring-informed structural model obtained, seismic performance assessment through incremental dynamic analysis is conducted, and results are compared with the predicted performance estimated with a conventional finite element model of the bridge. By advancing knowledge about the seismic behavior of concrete highway bridges, this research may ultimately contribute to improve structural health monitoring practices and design guidelines for this type of structures.
Book Synopsis AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design by :
Download or read book AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design written by and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2011 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work offers guidance on bridge design for extreme events induced by human beings. This document provides the designer with information on the response of concrete bridge columns subjected to blast loads as well as blast-resistant design and detailing guidelines and analytical models of blast load distribution. The content of this guideline should be considered in situations where resisting blast loads is deemed warranted by the owner or designer.
Book Synopsis Quantifying the Seismic Vulnerability of Bridges in Low to Moderate Seismicity Regions by : John Edward Lens
Download or read book Quantifying the Seismic Vulnerability of Bridges in Low to Moderate Seismicity Regions written by John Edward Lens and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Congressional Research Service issued a report for Congress in May 2016, entitled "Earthquake Risk and U.S. Highway Infrastructure: Frequently Asked Questions" which highlighted the absence of a national database on the status of seismic vulnerability of bridges or other infrastructure, and thus no estimate of costs to retrofit vulnerable bridges. Low to moderate seismicity regions exist in each of the continental United States, with over 30 states having mostly or entirely low-to-moderate seismicity. Resources at state transportation agencies and municipalities are focused on higher seismicity regions, creating a gap in quantifying the system-wide seismic vulnerability despite an overall aging bridge inventory, much of which was built before current seismic design standards. This research addressed this data gap and reduces barriers to quantifying seismic vulnerability of existing bridges in low-to-moderate seismicity regions. The work included nonlinear dynamic numerical modeling of typical multiple span bridge configurations in both pristine and deteriorated conditions, by subjecting them to seventy ground motions across four low-to-moderate seismic hazard levels, to evaluate their seismic performance. These typical bridge configurations represent over 160,000 bridges, which comprise 55% of the multiple span bridges nationwide. The research results indicate that there is an overall low probability of significant seismic damage to these typical bridges in such regions. The results also show that current seismic hazard thresholds used for the design of new bridges, and for retrofit of existing bridges, which provide the basis for exempting some bridges from specific seismic analysis and design, can underestimate the expected seismic forces. Those results can be used to refine those exemption thresholds to provide appropriate protection against potential seismic damage in those cases. The study results also formed the basis for a system-wide rapid seismic vulnerability screening algorithm developed for the Vermont bridge inventory, which is applicable to other states with low to moderate seismicity regions.
Book Synopsis Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Structures by :
Download or read book Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Structures written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Specifications for Highway Bridges by : Nihon Dōro Kyōkai
Download or read book Specifications for Highway Bridges written by Nihon Dōro Kyōkai and published by . This book was released on 2003-11-30 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance-based Seismic Bridge Design by : M. Lee Marsh
Download or read book Performance-based Seismic Bridge Design written by M. Lee Marsh and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2013 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 440, Performance-Based Seismic Bridge Design (PBSD) summarizes the current state of knowledge and practice for PBSD. PBSD is the process that links decision making for facility design with seismic input, facility response, and potential facility damage. The goal of PBSD is to provide decision makers and stakeholders with data that will enable them to allocate resources for construction based on levels of desired seismic performance"--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Seismic Performance and Simulation of Pile Foundations in Liquefied and Laterally Spreading Ground by : Ross W. Boulanger
Download or read book Seismic Performance and Simulation of Pile Foundations in Liquefied and Laterally Spreading Ground written by Ross W. Boulanger and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a workshop on Seismic Performance and Simulation of Pile Foundations in Liquefied and Laterally Spreading Ground, held in Davis, California, March 16-18, 2005. Sponsored by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center; University of California at Berkeley; Center for Urban Earthquake Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Geo-Institute of ASCE. This collection contains 25 papers that discuss physical measurements and observations from earthquake case histories, field tests in blast-liquefied ground, dynamic centrifuge model studies, and large-scale shaking table studies. Papers contain recent findings on fundamental soil-pile interaction mechanisms, numerical analysis methods, and reviews and evaluations of existing and emerging design methodologies. This proceeding provides comprehensive coverage of a major issue in earthquake engineering practice and hazard mitigation efforts.
Book Synopsis Integrated Probabilistic Performance-based Evaluation of Benchmark Reinforced Concrete Bridges by : Kevin Rory Mackie
Download or read book Integrated Probabilistic Performance-based Evaluation of Benchmark Reinforced Concrete Bridges written by Kevin Rory Mackie and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
