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Seismic Fragility And Cost Benefit Analysis Of Structural And Non Structural Systems
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Book Synopsis Seismic Fragility and Cost-benefit Analysis of Structural and Non-structural Systems by : Ehab Mohamed S. Mostafa
Download or read book Seismic Fragility and Cost-benefit Analysis of Structural and Non-structural Systems written by Ehab Mohamed S. Mostafa and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structural Seismic Design Optimization and Earthquake Engineering: Formulations and Applications by : Plevris, Vagelis
Download or read book Structural Seismic Design Optimization and Earthquake Engineering: Formulations and Applications written by Plevris, Vagelis and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2012-05-31 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the past few years, there has been extensive research done on structural design in terms of optimization methods or problem formulation. But, much of this attention has been on the linear elastic structural behavior, under static loading condition. Such a focus has left researchers scratching their heads as it has led to vulnerable structural configurations. What researchers have left out of the equation is the element of seismic loading. It is essential for researchers to take this into account in order to develop earthquake resistant real-world structures. Structural Seismic Design Optimization and Earthquake Engineering: Formulations and Applications focuses on the research around earthquake engineering, in particular, the field of implementation of optimization algorithms in earthquake engineering problems. Topics discussed within this book include, but are not limited to, simulation issues for the accurate prediction of the seismic response of structures, design optimization procedures, soft computing applications, and other important advancements in seismic analysis and design where optimization algorithms can be implemented. Readers will discover that this book provides relevant theoretical frameworks in order to enhance their learning on earthquake engineering as it deals with the latest research findings and their practical implementations, as well as new formulations and solutions.
Book Synopsis Seismic Performance Assessment of Self-centering Dual Systems with Different Configurations by : Mehdei Kafaeikivi
Download or read book Seismic Performance Assessment of Self-centering Dual Systems with Different Configurations written by Mehdei Kafaeikivi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concentrically braced frame (CBF) systems have limited capacity for lateral displacement, causing structural damage that leads to high post-earthquake costs under moderate earthquakes. Self-centering concentrically braced frame (SC-CBF) systems have been developed to soften the lateral force-lateral drift response of the system without causing structural damage; however, the construction cost of SC-CBF systems is expected to be high due to the precision required in fabrication and erection. To take advantage of the ductility of SC-CBFs and the economy of conventional CBFs, a novel dual system has been proposed in which the lower stories of the lateral force resisting system are SC-CBFs and the upper stories are conventional CBFs. The SC-CBF is intended to act as a ductile sub-structure for the CBF, reducing the construction costs and post-earthquake costs. This study presents the design basis of the dual system and an investigation of the influence of dual system configuration on structural performance. To achieve this goal and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dual system, a probabilistic performance assessment is conducted in this study, considering both structural and non-structural components. Firstly, eight prototype buildings are designed with the same configurations and gravity systems but different lateral load resisting systems (CBF and dual systems). Then, nonlinear time history analysis is performed using 3D numerical modeling to obtain seismic responses under a suite of ground motions. Next, probabilistic demand models are developed to predict the selected engineering demand parameters. To develop probabilistic demand models, several intensity measures are investigated to determine the best link between ground motion properties and structural and non-structural responses. The demand model parameters are estimated from regression analysis based on the responses obtained from nonlinear time history analysis of the finite element models. Moreover, hazard analysis is performed to quantify the seismic hazard for the structures. Three different locations inside the United States are considered in the hazard analysis: Los Angeles (high-seismic zone), Seattle (moderate-seismic zone), and Boston (low-seismic zone). Using detailed demand models, the corresponding capacity limits, and calculated intensity hazards, seismic fragility curves and engineering demand hazard curves are developed for three performance levels for structural and non-structural components. Finally, loss analysis is conducted to estimate expected annual loss and pay-off periods for different structural systems. The results of this study show that the dual system can be an efficient structural system for mid-rise buildings in high-seismic zones. Moreover, the time in which the higher initial construction costs of the dual systems are compensated by lower earthquake-induced losses in the lifetime of structures is calculated and presented for different configurations of the dual system.
Book Synopsis Seismic Performance Evaluation and Economic Feasibility of Self-centering Concentrically Braced Frames by : Mojtaba Dyanati Badabi
Download or read book Seismic Performance Evaluation and Economic Feasibility of Self-centering Concentrically Braced Frames written by Mojtaba Dyanati Badabi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-centering concentrically braced frame (SC-CBF) systems have been developed to increase the drift capacity of braced frame systems prior to damage to reduce post-earthquake damages in braced frames. However, due to special details required by the SC-CBF system, the construction cost of an SC-CBF is expected to be higher than that of a conventional CBF. While recent experimental research has shown better seismic performance of SC-CBF system subjected to design basis earthquakes, superior seismic performance of this system needs to be demonstrated for both structural and nonstructural components in all ground motion levels and more building configurations. Moreover, Stakeholders would be attracted to utilize SC-CBF if higher construction cost of this system can be paid back by lower earthquake induced losses during life time of the building. In this study, the seismic performance and economic effectiveness of SC-CBFs are assessed and compared with CBF system in three building configurations. First, probabilistic demand formulations are developed for engineering demand parameters (inter-story drift, residual drift and peak floor acceleration) using results of nonlinear time history analysis of the buildings under suites of ground motions. Then, Seismic fragility curves, engineering demand (inter-story drift, peak floor acceleration and residual drift) hazard curve and annual probabilities of exceeding damage states are used to evaluate and compare seismic performance of two systems. Finally, expected annual loss and life cycle cost of buildings are evaluated for prototype buildings considering both direct and indirect losses and prevailing uncertainties in all levels of loss analysis. These values are used evaluate economic benefit of using SC-CBF system instead of CBF system and pay-off time (time when the higher construction cost of SC-CBF system is paid back by the lower losses in earthquakes) for building configurations. Additionally, parametric study is performed to find acceptable increase in cost of SC-CBFs comparing to CBFs and impact of economic discount factor, ground motion suite and building occupancies on economic effectiveness of the SC-CBF system in three configurations. Results of this study indicates that, SC-CBF system generally shows better seismic performance due to damages to structural and non-structural drift sensitive components but worse performance due to damages to acceleration sensitive components. Therefore, loss mitigation in structural and non-structural damages are major source of economic benefit in SC-CBFs. SC-CBF system is not feasible for high rise buildings and low seismic active locations. If the cost of SC-CBFs are twice as CBF frames, the higher cost is paid back in a reasonable time during the life time of the buildings. SC-CBFs are more feasible for banks/financial institutions than general office buildings.
Book Synopsis SYNER-G: Typology Definition and Fragility Functions for Physical Elements at Seismic Risk by : K. Pitilakis
Download or read book SYNER-G: Typology Definition and Fragility Functions for Physical Elements at Seismic Risk written by K. Pitilakis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-20 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fragility functions constitute an emerging tool for the probabilistic seismic risk assessment of buildings, infrastructures and lifeline systems. The work presented in this book is a partial product of a European Union funded research project SYNER-G (FP7 Theme 6: Environment) where existing knowledge has been reviewed in order to extract the most appropriate fragility functions for the vulnerability analysis and loss estimation of the majority of structures and civil works exposed to earthquake hazard. Results of other relevant European projects and international initiatives are also incorporated in the book. In several cases new fragility and vulnerability functions have been developed in order to better represent the specific characteristics of European elements at risk. Several European and non-European institutes and Universities collaborated efficiently to capitalize upon existing knowledge. State-of-the-art methods are described, existing fragility curves are reviewed and, where necessary, new ones are proposed for buildings, lifelines, transportation infrastructures as well as for utilities and critical facilities. Taxonomy and typology definitions are synthesized and the treatment of related uncertainties is discussed. A fragility function manager tool and fragility functions in electronic form are provided on extras.springer.com. Audience The book aims to be a standard reference on the fragility functions to be used for the seismic vulnerability and probabilistic risk assessment of the most important elements at risk. It is of particular interest to earthquake engineers, scientists and researchers working in the field of earthquake risk assessment, as well as the insurance industry, civil protection and emergency management agencies.
Book Synopsis Seismic Fragility Analysis for Structures, Systems, and Components in Nuclear Power Plants by : Zhen Cai
Download or read book Seismic Fragility Analysis for Structures, Systems, and Components in Nuclear Power Plants written by Zhen Cai and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic fragility analysis has been widely used to evaluate seismic capacities of structures, systems, and components (SSCs) in nuclear power plants. In the seismic fragility analysis, a single ground motion parameter (GMP),such as peak ground acceleration (PGA), is chosen to characterize the Review Level Earthquake (RLE) and represent the seismic capacity of an SSC.However, due to the use of a single GMP, problems have been observed in engineering practice. It is well known, from elastic structural dynamic analyses, structural responses under earthquake excitations depend primarily on spectral accelerations at its dominant natural frequencies. Choosing spectral accelerations at structural dominant natural frequencies as vector-valued GMPs (VGMPs) can more accurately characterize the input RLE and more precisely predict structural responses. The purpose of this study is to develop weighting seismic fragility analysis method that overcomes the problems in current seismic fragility analysis method. The proposed method mainly includes that 1. vector-valued probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (VPSHA) is performed to determine the weights of input ground response spectra (GRS); 2. seismic fragility analysis considering VGMPs method is proposed to calculate seismic fragility based on VGMPs; 3. weights of input GRS and seismic fragility are combined to obtain the weighting seismic fragility of an SSC. By using VGMPs, the proposed method resolves the problems in current seismic fragility analysis, thus it can obtain more accurate seismic capacities of safety-related SSCs. In addition, weighting seismic fragility curves and High Confidence and Low Probability of Failure (HCLPF) seismic capacities are represented by a single GMP such as PGA, hence they are readily incorporated into Seismic Probabilistic Risk Analysis and Seismic Margin Assessment (SMA). Based on weighting seismic fragility analysis method, an improved SMA procedure is proposed. The procedure combines the use of weighting and current seismic fragility analysis methods, i.e., 1. weighting seismic fragility analysis is performed to determine HCLPF seismic capacities of “weak link” SSCs, and 2. current seismic fragility analysis is conducted to calculate HCLPF seismic capacities of less important SSCs. This ensures that more accurate plant seismic capacity is obtained, while computational cost is acceptable. The proposed SMA procedure can save redesign cost of “weak link” SSCs. The proposed weighting seismic fragility analysis method is accurate and applicable, providing more accurate seismic capacity estimates of safety-related SSCs, thus saving redesign cost of “weak link” SSCs that do not satisfy seismic margin requirement.
Book Synopsis Advances in Assessment and Modeling of Earthquake Loss by : Sinan Akkar
Download or read book Advances in Assessment and Modeling of Earthquake Loss written by Sinan Akkar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-02 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book originates from an international workshop organized by Turkish Natural Catastrophe Insurance Pool (TCIP) in November 2019 that gathered renown researchers from academia, representatives of leading international reinsurance and modeling companies as well as government agencies responsible of insurance pricing in Turkey. The book includes chapters related to post-earthquake damage assessment, the state-of-art and novel earthquake loss modeling, their implementation and implication in insurance pricing at national, regional and global levels, and the role of earthquake insurance in building resilient societies and fire following earthquakes. The rich context encompassed in the book makes it a valuable tool not only for professionals and researchers dealing with earthquake loss modeling but also for practitioners in the insurance and reinsurance industry.
Book Synopsis Seismic Fragility Assessment for Buildings due to Earthquake Excitation by : FADZLI MOHAMED NAZRI
Download or read book Seismic Fragility Assessment for Buildings due to Earthquake Excitation written by FADZLI MOHAMED NAZRI and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a simplified approach to earthquake engineering by developing the fragility curve for regular and irregular moment-resisting frames based on different types of structural material, height, and ground motion records. It examines six sets of concrete and steel frames, which vary in terms of their height (3-, 6- and 9-storey) and include regular and irregular frames. Each structure frame was designed based on Eurocode 2 and 3 with the aid of Eurocode 8 for earthquake loading. The SAP2000 software was used as the main tool for the pushover analysis and incremental dynamic analysis. Readers are first provided with background information on the development of nonlinear analysis in earthquake engineering. Subsequently, each chapter begins with a detailed explanation of the collapse of the structures and the application in nonlinear analysis. As such, the book will greatly benefit students from both public and private institutions of higher, particularly those who are dealing with the subject of earthquake engineering for the first time. It also offers a valuable guide for Civil Engineering practitioners and researchers who have an interest in structural and earthquake engineering.
Book Synopsis Life-cycle of Structural Systems by : Hitoshi Furuta
Download or read book Life-cycle of Structural Systems written by Hitoshi Furuta and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to promote the study, research and applications in the design, assessment, prediction, and optimal management of life-cycle performance, safety, reliability, and risk of civil structures and infrastructure systems. The contribution in each chapter presents state-of-the-art as well as emerging applications related to key aspects of the life-cycle civil engineering field. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Structure and Infrastructure Engineering.
Book Synopsis Displacement-based Seismic Design of Structures by : M. J. N. Priestley
Download or read book Displacement-based Seismic Design of Structures written by M. J. N. Priestley and published by Iuss Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Structures is a book primarily directed towards practicing structural designers who are interested in applying performance-based concepts to seismic design. Since much of the material presented in the book has not been published elsewhere, it will also be of considerable interest to researchers, and to graduate and upper-level undergraduate students of earthquake engineering who wish to develop a deeper understanding of how design can be used to control seismic response. The design philosophy is based on determination of the optimum structural strength to achieve a given performance limit state, related to a defined level of damage, under a specified level of seismic intensity. Emphasis is also placed on how this strength is distributed through the structure. This takes two forms: methods of structural analysis and capacity design. It is shown that equilibrium considerations frequently lead to a more advantageous distribution of strength than that resulting from stiffness considerations. Capacity design considerations have been re-examined, and new and more realistic design approaches are presented to insure against undesirable modes of inelastic deformation. The book considers a wide range of structural types, including separate chapters on frame buildings, wall buildings, dual wall/frame buildings, masonry buildings, timber structures, bridges, structures with isolation or added damping devices, and wharves. These are preceded by introductory chapters discussing conceptual problems with current force-based design, seismic input for displacement-based design, fundamentals of direct displacement-based design, and analytical tools appropriate for displacement-based design. The final two chapters adapt the principles of displacement-based seismic design to assessment of existing structures, and present the previously developed design information in the form of a draft building code. The text is illustrated by copious worked design examples (39 in all), and analysis aids are provided in the form of a CD containing three computer programs covering moment-curvature analysis (Cumbia), linear-element-based inelastic time-history analysis (Ruaumoko), and a general fibre-element dynamic analysis program (SeismoStruct). The design procedure developed in this book is based on a secant-stiffness (rather than initial stiffness) representation of structural response, using a level of damping equivalent to the combined effects of elastic and hysteretic damping. The approach has been fully verified by extensive inelastic time history analyses, which are extensively reported in the text. The design method is extremely simple to apply, and very successful in providing dependable and predictable seismic response. Authors Bios M.J.N.Priestley Nigel Priestley is Professor Emeritus of the University of California San Diego, and co-Director of the Centre of Research and Graduate Studies in Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (ROSE School), Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS), Pavia, Italy. He has published more than 450 papers, mainly on earthquake engineering, and received numerous awards for his research. He holds honorary doctorates from ETH, Zurich, and Cujo, Argentina. He is co-author of two previous seismic design books “Seismic Design of Concrete and Masonry Buildings” and “Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges”, that are considered standard texts on the subjects. G.M.Calvi Michele Calvi is Professor of the University of Pavia and Director of the Centre of Research and Graduate Studies in Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (ROSE School), Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS) of Pavia. He has published more than 200 papers and is co-author of the book “Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges”, that is considered a standard text on the subject, has been involved in important construction projects worldwide, such as the Rion Bridge in Greece and the upgrading of the Bolu Viaduct in Turkey, and is coordinating several international research projects. M.J.Kowalsky Mervyn Kowalsky is Associate Professor of Structural Engineering in the Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering at North Carolina State University and a member of the faculty of the ROSE School. His research, which has largely focused on the seismic behaviour of structures, has been supported by the National Science Foundation, the North Carolina and Alaska Departments of Transportation, and several industrial organizations. He is a registered Professional Engineer in North Carolina and an active member of several national and international committees on Performance-Based Seismic Design.
Book Synopsis Reliability-Based Analysis and Design of Structures and Infrastructure by : Ehsan Noroozinejad Farsangi
Download or read book Reliability-Based Analysis and Design of Structures and Infrastructure written by Ehsan Noroozinejad Farsangi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing demand on improving the resiliency of modern structures and infrastructure requires ever more critical and complex designs. Therefore, the need for accurate and efficient approaches to assess uncertainties in loads, geometry, material properties, manufacturing processes, and operational environments has increased significantly. Reliability-based techniques help develop more accurate initial guidance for robust design and help to identify the sources of significant uncertainty in structural systems. Reliability-Based Analysis and Design of Structures and Infrastructure presents an overview of the methods of classical reliability analysis and design most associated with structural reliability. It also introduces more modern methods and advancements, and emphasizes the most useful methods and techniques used in reliability and risk studies, while elaborating their practical applications and limitations rather than detailed derivations. Features: Provides a practical and comprehensive overview of reliability and risk analysis and design techniques. Introduces resilient and smart structures/infrastructure that will lead to more reliable and sustainable societies. Considers loss elimination, risk management and life-cycle asset management as related to infrastructure projects. Introduces probability theory, statistical methods, and reliability analysis methods. Reliability-Based Analysis and Design of Structures and Infrastructure is suitable for researchers and practicing engineers, as well as upper-level students taking related courses in structural reliability analysis and design.
Book Synopsis Building for the Future: Durable, Sustainable, Resilient by : Alper Ilki
Download or read book Building for the Future: Durable, Sustainable, Resilient written by Alper Ilki and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-04 with total page 1808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of the fib Symposium “Building for the future: Durable, Sustainable, Resilient”, held in Istanbul, Turkey, on 5–7 June 2023. The book covers topics such as concrete and innovative materials, structural performance and design, construction methods and management, and outstanding structures. fib (The International Federation for Structural Concrete) is a not-for-profit association whose mission is to develop at an international level the study of scientific and practical matters capable of advancing the technical, economic, aesthetic, and environmental performance of concrete construction.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Seismic Structural Fragility Methodologies Using Non-stationary Simulated Ground Motions by : Yogesh Rathod
Download or read book Evaluation of Seismic Structural Fragility Methodologies Using Non-stationary Simulated Ground Motions written by Yogesh Rathod and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An inquisition of understanding and quantifying the uncertainties in earthquake ground motions and its consequence on structural performance has captivated engineers for quite some time now. Computing advancements have enabled structural engineers to perform advanced complex non-linear dynamic analyses procedures to take into consideration the uncertainties due to random ground motions in order to design robust structural systems. Various non-linear dynamic analysis procedures, such as Incremental Dynamic Analysis, Multiple-Stripe Analysis, Cloud Analysis, can be used to perform probability-based seismic evaluation of a structure using real ground motions or simulated ground motions. Such methods can be employed to perform both a particular parameter estimation for specific probabilistic assessment, as well as direct probabilistic performance analysis. Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) involves scaling of one or more ground motions, at various intensity levels, which generates one or more plots of response parameters versus different intensity levels. Cloud Analysis method is less restrictive in comparison to the previous method, since analyses can be performed at any level of intensity. Multiple-Stripe Analysis (MSA) is another method where non-linear dynamic analyses are performed for a suite of ground motions at a certain intensity level. This process is repeated at multiple levels of intensity, which in turn produces parameterized response at corresponding levels of intensity. The truncated MSA approach can be used to avoid excessive scaling of ground motions and reduce the computational effort. The aforementioned methods have been analyzed in terms of ease of applicability, computational demand and accuracy of their results using non-stationary simulated ground motions. As a case study, displacement-based seismic performance of a steel moment resisting frame for an actual structure is studied. Various techniques to compute the fragility functions are discussed. A new technique to compute robust fragilities, using softmax regression is presented that computes univariate and multivariate fragilities for single and multi-damage states.
Book Synopsis Design of Building Structural Systems and Enhanced Partition Walls to Improve Life Cycle Costs Associated with Risk of Earthquake Damage by : Gerardo Andres Letelier
Download or read book Design of Building Structural Systems and Enhanced Partition Walls to Improve Life Cycle Costs Associated with Risk of Earthquake Damage written by Gerardo Andres Letelier and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current seismic design codes are primarily aimed at protecting human life, which has been successfully observed in recent large earthquakes in Chile, and New Zealand, where the number of fatalities due to collapsed buildings was relatively low. However, the economic losses experienced in these countries were significant and the environmental impacts were potentially important, but they have not been accurately quantified. These large earthquake-induced economic losses and environmental impacts suggest that higher seismic performance, beyond the code requirements, may be necessary to meet the expectations of modern society. To face these challenges, the fully probabilistic Performance Based Earthquake Engineering framework introduced by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center allows assessing decision variables such as earthquake-induced economic losses, downtime, and fatalities. The quantitative evaluation of these decision variables shows the level of performance of a given building, allowing owners and stakeholders to select higher levels of performance if they are not satisfied with the minimum requirements established by design codes. These higher levels of performance are associated with higher construction costs that also need to be accurately estimated to provide complete information for a satisfactory evaluation of the trade-off between higher investments and future reduction of these earthquake-induced economic losses. The objectives of this dissertation are to provide building-specific performance-based earthquake engineering design strategies to reduce economic losses and environmental impacts. In particular, previous researchers have found that the earthquake-induced economic losses in buildings are dominated by nonstructural components, especially by gypsum partition walls. Traditionally, the main strategy to reduce these losses is to stiffen and strengthen the lateral force resisting system of buildings to reduce the damage to non-structural elements. An alternative strategy, which was investigated in this study, is to enhance the resistance of the non-structural components such as gypsum partition walls. The seismic vulnerability of gypsum partition walls is established through the development of fragility functions that show how typical partition walls become damaged at story drift ratios as low as 0.1%. Based on data from previous building loss studies, a seismic performance goal of damage-free partition walls at story drift ratio of 1.0% was set, and a frictional/sliding connection was designed and tested to achieve this goal. The effectiveness of the connection in reducing earthquake-induced economic losses and environmental impacts was evaluated in a steel special moment resisting frame (SMRF) testbed building. The study demonstrates that the enhanced partitions can reduce the annualized losses by a factor of four to seventeen, compared to conventional partitions. These significant reductions offset the slightly higher initial construction costs, thus promoting the use of the connection based on a life cycle evaluation. The more traditional strategy of enhancing the structural system was also evaluated. The strength and stiffness of the SMRF system of a testbed building was varied to assess the influence on earthquake losses. The code-conforming SMRF design (meeting only the minimum code requirements) exhibits an expected annual loss (EAL) of 0.95% (normalized by its initial construction cost), which over a 50-year service-life and using a discount rate of 3.9%, results in an earthquake-induced expected life cycle cost (ELCC) of 121%. An alternative design, with increased strength and stiffness has a reduced ELCC of 114%. This result suggests that while current seismic design codes do not minimize ELCC, stiffening and strengthening of conventional structural systems may not be the most cost-effective way to improve performance, especially considering the significant upfront costs. This study further compares the effectiveness of the alternative strategy of enhancing nonstructural components (gypsum partition walls) versus the traditional strategy of enhancing the structural system, the results of which demonstrate the potential benefits of the alternative strategy. As an example, by implementing the new gypsum wallboard connection detail, developed in this research, the earthquake-induced ELCC of the code-conforming testbed building is reduced to about the absolute minimum ELCC obtained stiffening the SMRF system of the testbed building. The main advantage of the enhanced partition connection is that it has a very little cost premium over conventional construction. Finally, a simplified methodology to estimate the earthquake-induced ELCC based on the fundamental period of vibration of low-rise steel SMRF buildings is proposed. This methodology introduced a closed-form solution for the EAL, thereby eliminating the need for conducting and integrating nonlinear structural analyses to estimate the EAL for design and risk assessment. This methodology was calibrated with data from the low-rise testbed building example, showing promising results.
Book Synopsis Seismic Analysis of Structures and Equipment by : Praveen K. Malhotra
Download or read book Seismic Analysis of Structures and Equipment written by Praveen K. Malhotra and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes methods used to estimate forces and deformations in structures during future earthquakes. It synthesizes the topics related to ground motions with those related to structural response and, therefore, closes the gap between geosciences and engineering. Requiring no prior knowledge, the book elucidates confusing concepts related to ground motions and structural response and enables the reader to select a suitable analysis method and implement a cost‐effective seismic design. Presents lucid, accessible descriptions of key concepts in ground motions and structural response and easy to follow descriptions of methods used in seismic analysis; Explains the roles of strength, deformability, and damping in seismic design; Reinforces concepts with real‐world examples; Stands as a ready reference for performance‐based/risk-based seismic design, providing guidance for achieving a cost-effective seismic design.
Book Synopsis Seismic Assessment and Design of Structures by : Maria Favvata
Download or read book Seismic Assessment and Design of Structures written by Maria Favvata and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2023-02-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue reprint is dedicated to presenting open and challenging issues in earthquake engineering. It consists of 29 peer-reviewed papers that cover a broad range of subjects and applications related to the seismic assessment and design of structures. Based on advanced computational, analytical, numerical, and experimental approaches novel results and discussions are presented. Within this context, the first studies of this issue/reprint are focused on providing an insight into the seismic performance of structures taking into account significant engineering components that still have not been fully addressed. Subsequently, there are studies with new strategies to improve the effectiveness of the dampers on the seismic mitigation performance of structures. Concerning performance-based earthquake engineering, new approaches in the seismic fragility assessment of structures are introduced. Furthermore, new innovative types of reinforced steel for the seismic design and assessment of RC structures are analytically and experimentally evaluated. The seismic performance of retrofitted structures is also addressed, while analytical modeling tools that can effectively capture the seismic behavior of substandard RC structural elements are introduced. Some other papers provide experimental results to evaluate and/or validate the structural performance of elements, such as anchors, connectors, and nuclear components. Finally, this issue/reprint also incorporates modified methodologies and identification techniques to improve seismic analysis methods in the field of structural engineering.
