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Seismic Evaluation And Retrofit Of Multi Unit Wood Frame Buildings With Weak First Stories
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Book Synopsis Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Multi-unit Wood-frame Buildings with Weak First Stories by : Applied Technology Council
Download or read book Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Multi-unit Wood-frame Buildings with Weak First Stories written by Applied Technology Council and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance-Based Analytics-Driven Seismic Retrofit of Woodframe Buildings by : Zhengxiang Yi
Download or read book Performance-Based Analytics-Driven Seismic Retrofit of Woodframe Buildings written by Zhengxiang Yi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Woodframe construction is commonly used for single and multifamily residential buildings in the United States. In many parts of California, multifamily woodframe residential buildings are constructed with open first stories, which have much less strength and stiffness compared to the ones above. In older single-family residences, the "crawl space" is constructed with unbraced and unbolted cripple walls. Both these conditions lead to a soft-story response during seismic loading, resulting significant damage, economic losses and even collapse. This type of vulnerability is often addressed through seismic retrofits, which can be mandated by local jurisdictions (e.g., the Los Angeles Soft-Story Ordinance) or incentivized by state or local entities (e.g., the California Earthquake Authority Brace and Bolt Program). A key challenge in implementing these retrofit programs (mandated or incentivized) is quantifying the improvements in performance at the individual and portfolio scale and creating design procedures that maximize the overall benefit. This research integrates nonlinear structural modeling, performance-based assessments and advanced statistical and machine learning techniques to quantify the benefit of soft-story woodframe building retrofit and develop optimal design solutions that maximize regional performance. The considered construction types include single-family houses with unbraced cripple walls developed as part of the recently completed Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (PEER) and California Earthquake Authority (CEA) project and multi-family residences with soft, weak and open front wall lines (SWOF). An end-to-end computational platform is developed to automate the construction and analysis of archetype numerical models in OpenSees and conduct seismic evaluations based on the PEER performance-based earthquake engineering framework. The performance of existing and retrofitted buildings is assessed in terms of collapse safety and direct (due to earthquake damage) economic losses. The effect of retrofit and various structural characteristics is illuminated for the single-family cripple wall houses. 2^k full factorial experiment design combined with hypothesis testing is used to identify the most influential structural properties. Two story buildings performed worse than their one-story counterparts and pre-1945 buildings performed better than pre-1955 construction. Building performance is found to be positively correlated with cripple wall heights and cripple wall retrofits provided significant overall improvements. Surrogate models are developed as a compact statistical link between key structural characteristics and seismic performance. Several machine learning algorithms are investigated for predicting the building median collapse intensity and expected annual loss using the cripple wall height, seismic weight, damping ratio and material properties as features. The XGBoost algorithm provides the most accurate prediction and on average, limits the prediction error to less than 10%. Using the well-developed machine learning models, additional sensitivity analyses are conducted and the effect of model uncertainty on collapse safety and expected annual losses is quantified using Monte Carlo simulation. For the SWOF buildings, a multi-scale cost-benefit analysis of the Los Angeles Soft-Story Ordinance Retrofit is performed. Individual buildings take an average of four to five years for the reduced earthquake losses to exceed the one-time retrofit cost. At the portfolio-scale, the average cost-benefit ratio is found to be 0.32 for the hypothetical M 7.1 Puente Hills scenario earthquake. A stochastic event-set cost-benefit assessment is also performed, where all events (approximately 8,000) that are significant to the region are considered. From this assessment, it is determined that the probability of achieving a desirable cost-benefit ratio (value between 0.0 and 1.0) within a 50-year period is approximately 0.9. Lastly, a retrofit design optimization framework is proposed with the goal of maximizing performance-based benefits at the regional scale. The methodology relies a machine learning-based surrogate model to predict seismic performances of retrofitted buildings given the design parameters. Then, a stochastic optimization algorithm is implemented to find the retrofit designs that maximize the improvement in seismic performance for the entire portfolio under a set of pre-defined constraints. The algorithmic retrofit leads to collapse losses that are comparable to the Los Angeles Ordinance guidelines while using only 60% of the resources. The performance-oriented framework is shown to address the inefficiency of conventional strength-based retrofit policies.
Book Synopsis Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings by : Matthew Fox
Download or read book Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings written by Matthew Fox and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2024-09-19 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings is a concise and easy-to-use guideline for practising engineers to assess and design successful seismic retrofit interventions for existing vulnerable buildings. It offers readers guidance on both conceptual design strategies and relevant detailed design considerations.
Book Synopsis Optimizing Resilience by : Zahraa Nazim Saiyed
Download or read book Optimizing Resilience written by Zahraa Nazim Saiyed and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prevalent seismic hazards in the San Francisco Bay Area region require the building stock to be able to withstand frequent ground accelerations while maintaining life-safety standards. Most housing in the City of San Francisco is more than a century old and unable to comply with the increasingly stringent code requirements. Wood-frame multi-unit structures in the City are especially vulnerable to ground movement due to soft-stories located on the first level, which makes structural retrofit a necessary means to safeguard lives and prevent building collapse. This study conducts a performance based seismic assessment to an eight-unit, four-story woodframe structure typical in San Francisco to appraise the building's response to incremental seismic mitigation strategies. The goal of the research is to optimize retrofit based on minimization of lifetime damage costs due to seismic impacts. The investigation seeks to evaluate performance of existing urban housing through the application of a seismic assessment methodology typically used for new construction or high stake buildings. The performance assessment uses a simplified procedure delineated by Ghisbain,1 decreasing the computational intensity of the simulations and affording more retrofit iterations for design optimization. Results show that lifetime damage can be significantly reduced for the considered wood-frame building with applied retrofits, and that minimization of lifetime losses corresponds to augmented retrofit costs. The research concludes with a discussion on prescribing retrofits for a building's longevity versus recommendations for short-term solutions that only call for the structure to fall within code-required life-safety limits. Long-term cost implications can vary greatly, which has necessitated this comprehensive evaluation of the wood-frame structure's behavior and lifetime damages such that it can be conveyed to stakeholders and decision-makers for meaningful planning towards the City's resilience.
Book Synopsis Guidelines for Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings by :
Download or read book Guidelines for Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This renamed version of the former Uniform code for building conservation guidelines for retrofitting unreinforced masonry bearing wall buildings, reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry buildings, wood frame residential buildings, and concrete with masonry infill buildings.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Seismic Retrofit of Buildings by : Amarnath Chakrabarti
Download or read book Handbook on Seismic Retrofit of Buildings written by Amarnath Chakrabarti and published by Alpha Science International, Limited. This book was released on 2008 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook on Seismic Retrofit of Buildings is a compiled source of technical information for engineers and professionals in the buildings industry, decision making officials and students. The Handbook is divided into 17 chapters, covering - basic concepts of earthquakes, seismic design and retrofit of buildings, seismic vulnerability assessment, retrofit strategies for different types of buildings, geotechnical and foundation aspects, advanced applications, quality assurance and case studies.
Book Synopsis The ShakeOut Scenario Supplemental Study: Woodframe Buildings by :
Download or read book The ShakeOut Scenario Supplemental Study: Woodframe Buildings written by and published by SPA Risk LLC. This book was released on with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Research and Technology Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :172 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis A Review of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Research and Technology
Download or read book A Review of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Research and Technology and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis ASCE Standard, ASCE/SEI, 41-17, Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings by : American Society of Civil Engineers
Download or read book ASCE Standard, ASCE/SEI, 41-17, Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings written by American Society of Civil Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standard ASCE/SEI 41-17 describes deficiency-based and systematic procedures that use performance-based principles to evaluate and retrofit existing buildings to withstand the effects of earthquakes.
Book Synopsis The Seismic Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings by : Antonio Aguilar (Architect)
Download or read book The Seismic Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings written by Antonio Aguilar (Architect) and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Preservation Brief provides information on how earthquakes affect historic buildings, how a historic preservation ethic can guide responsible retrofit decisions, and how various methods of seismic rehabilitation can protect human lives and historic structures. The Brief provides a description of the most common vulnerabilities of various building construction types and the seismic strengthening methods most often needed to remedy them. A glossary of technical terms is also provided at the end of the Brief. Undertaking the seismic rehabilitation of a historic building is a process that requires careful planning and execution, and the coordinated work of architects, engineers, code officials, contractors, and agency administrators. Project personnel working together can ensure that the architectural, structural, financial, programmatic, cultural, and social values of historic buildings are preserved, while rendering them safe for continued use.
Book Synopsis Techniques for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings by :
Download or read book Techniques for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings written by and published by FEMA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Benefit-Cost Model for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings by :
Download or read book A Benefit-Cost Model for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1993-07 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for Potential Seismic Hazards : a Handbook by : Federal Emergency Management Agency (U.S.)
Download or read book Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for Potential Seismic Hazards : a Handbook written by Federal Emergency Management Agency (U.S.) and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017-08-03 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) handbook can be used by trained personnel to identify, inventory, and screen buildings that are potentially seismically vulnerable. The RVS procedure compromises a method and several forms that help users to quickly identify, inventory, and score buildings according to the risk of collapse if hit by major earthquakes. This third edition includes extensive updates including: Update of the Basic Scores and Score Modifiers Update of the ground motion definitions Preparation of additional reference guides Inclusion of additional building types that are prevalent Inclusion of additional considerations, such as nonstructural hazards, existing retrofits, building additions, and adjacency Addition of an optional electronic scoring methodology and more. Related products: Natural & Environmental Disasters resources collection is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/natural-environmental-disasters Other products produced by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) are available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/federal-emergency-management-agency-fema
Book Synopsis Handbook for the Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings by : Building Seismic Safety Council (U.S.)
Download or read book Handbook for the Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings written by Building Seismic Safety Council (U.S.) and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1992 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides engineers involved with the seismic evaluation of existing buildings with guidance concerning the potential earthquake related risk to human life posed by a building or building component.
Book Synopsis Reinforcement of Timber Elements in Existing Structures by : Jorge Branco
Download or read book Reinforcement of Timber Elements in Existing Structures written by Jorge Branco and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By presenting the work of the RILEM Technical Committee 245-RTE, the book provides an overview of the existing techniques for the reinforcement of timber elements, joints and structures. It consists of two parts: part I examines state-of-the-art information on reinforcement techniques, summarizes the current status of standardization, and covers STS, GiR, FRP and nanotechnology. In part II several applications of reinforcement are discussed: these include traditional structures, traditional timber frame walls, light-frame shear walls, roofs, floors, and carpentry joints. The book will benefit academics, practitioners, industry and standardization committees interested in the reinforcement of existing timber elements, joints and structures.
Book Synopsis NEHRP Recommended Provisions (National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program) for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures: Commentary by : United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Download or read book NEHRP Recommended Provisions (National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program) for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures: Commentary written by United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance-Based Seismic Engineering: Vision for an Earthquake Resilient Society by : Matej Fischinger
Download or read book Performance-Based Seismic Engineering: Vision for an Earthquake Resilient Society written by Matej Fischinger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-15 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bled workshops have traditionally produced reference documents providing visions for the future development of earthquake engineering as foreseen by leading researchers in the field. The participants of the 2011 workshop built on the tradition of these events initiated by Professors Fajfar and Krawinkler to honor their important research contributions and have now produced a book providing answers to crucial questions in today’s earthquake engineering: “What visible changes in the design practice have been brought about by performance-based seismic engineering? What are the critical needs for future advances? What actions should be taken to respond to those needs?” The key answer is that research interests should go beyond the narrow technical aspects and that the seismic resilience of society as a whole should become an essential part of the planning and design process. The book aims to provide essential guidelines for researchers, professionals and students in the field of earthquake engineering. It will also be of particular interest for all those working at insurance companies, governmental, civil protection and emergency management agencies that are responsible for assessing and planning community resilience. The introductory chapter of the book is based on the keynote presentation given at the workshop by the late Professor Helmut Krawinkler. As such, the book includes Helmut’s last and priceless address to the engineering community, together with his vision and advice for the future development of performance-based design, earthquake engineering and seismic risk management.