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Seismic Analysis Of Multi Story Unreinforced Masonry Buildings With Flexible Diaphragms
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Book Synopsis Seismic Analysis of Multi-Story Unreinforced Masonry Buildings with Flexible Diaphragms by : Juan Aleman Hernandez
Download or read book Seismic Analysis of Multi-Story Unreinforced Masonry Buildings with Flexible Diaphragms written by Juan Aleman Hernandez and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies regarding the regional seismicity of New York City (NYC) indicate that earthquakes of magnitude greater than or equal to 5 have a 20-40% probability of occurring in a 50 year period. Considering that more than 50% of the large population of the region (19.1 million) is living in an area where 80% of the buildings are of old Unreinforced Masonry (URM) construction, it is likely that even a moderate earthquake could have critical consequences on public safety and the economy of this area. The main goal of this study was to develop simulation capabilities supported by experimental testing to evaluate the seismic performance of typical unreinforced masonry buildings with flexible diaphragms located in NYC. Simplified nonlinear macro-models of wood diaphragms, masonry walls and floor-to-wall connections were developed and validated individually using data from past experiments. The models are implemented in both commercial and research software to demonstrate their practical use. In particular, a new approach for modeling flexible diaphragms is proposed that is shown to provide similar accuracy to detailed finite element models at a fraction of the computation cost. The models developed were also validated as at the system level, through shake table testing of two full-scale specimens conducted as part of this study. The specimens were designed and constructed to represent the expected loading conditions of a central portion of a one-story URM building and constructed of materials representative of older masonry construction. The tests provide a unique data set that captures the interaction between flexible floors, out-of-plane walls and their connections at, full scale.The validated macro-models can be used for performance-based seismic assessment of unreinforced masonry building in NYC and elsewhere. To demonstrate their use, preliminary studies were conducted to develop out-of-plane URM fragility curves, a building-specific collapse fragility function, and estimate the seismic response of the building when subjected to a ground shaking intensity similar to the 2011 Virginia Earthquake. The probabilistic framework and new performance definitions provided by the FEMA P58 project were used to conduct a performance-based seismic assessment for an archetype unreinforced masonry building in New York City with an emphasis on out-of-plane behavior. This preliminary study served to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed models for applications in performance-based design.
Book Synopsis Tri-directional Seismic Analysis of an Unreinforced Masonry Building with Flexible Diaphragms by : Steven C. Sweeney
Download or read book Tri-directional Seismic Analysis of an Unreinforced Masonry Building with Flexible Diaphragms written by Steven C. Sweeney and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Strengthening of Low-rise Unreinforced Masonry Structures with Flexible Diaphragms by : Franklin Lehr Moon
Download or read book Seismic Strengthening of Low-rise Unreinforced Masonry Structures with Flexible Diaphragms written by Franklin Lehr Moon and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a capstone to several Mid-America Earthquake Center (MAE Center) projects, a full-scale two story unreinforced masonry (URM) building was tested following the application of several retrofit techniques, which included the use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) overlays, near surface mounted (NSM) rods, vertical unbonded post-tensioning, and joist anchors. The test structure was composed of four URM walls, flexible timber diaphragms and interior stud walls, and was designed and built following construction practices consistent with those used in Mid-America prior to 1950. Initial testing subjected both the roof diaphragm and in-plane walls to slowly applied lateral load reversals in an unreinforced sate. Following this series of tests, each in-plane wall was retrofit and retested. Experimental results indicated that global issues such as flange participation and the effects of overturning moment substantially impacted the response of primary components both before and after retrofit. FRP retrofit techniques resulted in strength increases up to 32% and displayed a pseudo-ductile response caused by progressive debonding. For cases where such retrofits forced sliding failures, large increases in energy dissipation resulted. The use of vertical unbonded post-tensioning resulted in strength increases between 40%-60%; however, piers displayed a tendency to switch from a ductile rocking/sliding mode to a more brittle diagonal tension mode. In addition, results highlighted the need for retrofit schemes to employ both horizontal and vertical reinforcement to prevent progressive crack opening that can decrease wall displacement capacity. Based on the experimental results, the model implied by the "Prestandard for the Rehabilitation of Existing Structures," FEMA 356, for the analysis of in-plane URM walls was modified and extended to (1) include the effect of FRP pier retrofits and (2) consider the global effects of URM structures. The resulting model displayed reasonable estimates of measured response both before and after retrofit, with an average error of 14%. In addition, the proposed model displayed improvements over the current model from 14% to 66%. Based on the results of sensitivity analyses this improved accuracy was primarily attributed to the consideration of global effects.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Response of URM Buildings with Flexible Diaphragms by : Andrew Christopher Costley
Download or read book Dynamic Response of URM Buildings with Flexible Diaphragms written by Andrew Christopher Costley and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As seismic awareness increases, especially in traditionally non-seismic regions, there is an ever-increasing need to evaluate the lateral resistance of existing structures. Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures are perceived to be seismically unsafe due to dramatic media coverage of these structures following earthquakes. However, well-built URM structures can possess substantial seismic resistance, although quantifying this strength can be difficult. Through a combination of experimental and analytical investigations, the overall objective of the study is to provide recommendations for the evaluation and rehabilitation of URM buildings. To accomplish this objective, the study was broken down into three primary tasks: (1) an experimental investigation, (2) the development of a simple dynamic model, and (3) a review of current analysis methods. The experimental investigation consisted primarily of the construction and dynamic testing of two, two-story, URM buildings with flexible floor and roof diaphragms on the University of Illinois shaking table. The two buildings were subjected to a total of nine simulated earthquakes. Experimental results indicated that (first-story) pier rocking was a ductile mode of response. Based on experimental results, a simple (3-DOF), nonlinear elastic model was developed. This model, in conjunction with a nonlinear time-step integration program, was used to estimate peak displacements during the rocking portions of the later earthquake simulations. The third task was a review of existing static and dynamic methods for analyzing URM structures. The static methods studied included two design codes, two rehabilitation codes, finite element modeling, and a pushover analysis. Dynamic methods included an elastic time-step integration, response spectra analysis, equivalent frame modeling, and finite element modeling. After a thorough examination of the measured results from the dynamic testing and a comparison between these results with those calculated during the analytical studies, a number of recommendations for the evaluation and rehabilitation of unreinforced masonry buildings with flexible diaphragms were made.
Author :United States. Department of Defense. Tri-Service Seismic Design Committee Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :472 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Seismic Design for Buildings by : United States. Department of Defense. Tri-Service Seismic Design Committee
Download or read book Seismic Design for Buildings written by United States. Department of Defense. Tri-Service Seismic Design Committee and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The ShakeOut Scenario Supplemental Study: Unreinforced Masonry (URM) Buildings by :
Download or read book The ShakeOut Scenario Supplemental Study: Unreinforced Masonry (URM) Buildings written by and published by SPA Risk LLC. This book was released on with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Response of a Half-scale Masonry Building with Flexible Diaphragms by : Steven C. Sweeney
Download or read book Seismic Response of a Half-scale Masonry Building with Flexible Diaphragms written by Steven C. Sweeney and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Response of Low-Rise Masonry Buildings With Flexible Roof Diaphragms by : Gregory L. Cohen
Download or read book Seismic Response of Low-Rise Masonry Buildings With Flexible Roof Diaphragms written by Gregory L. Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study compares the responses from shaking-table testing and analytical predictions evaluated in the context of geometric scaling, to provide a coherent description of the seismic response of low-rise masonry buildings with flexible roof diaphragms. Two half-scale, low-rise reinforced masonry buildings with flexible roof diaphragms are subjected to carefully selected earthquake ground motion on the Tri-axial Earthquake and Shock Simulator at the Construction Engineering Research Laboratory. Damage to the half-scale specimens is assessed using published protocols. Geometric scaling analysis relates response and damage of the half-scale specimens to those of the full-scale prototype structures. Linear elastic modeling is simplified to a generalized two-degrees-of-freedom idealization. Response-spectrum analysis of such an idealization is accurate and justified for prediction of dynamic response of the half-scale specimens and the corresponding full-scale prototype. It is shown that low-rise masonry buildings with flexible roof diaphragms can be designed for seismic loads as single-degree-of- freedom systems, using the degree of freedom associated with the in-plane response of the diaphragm in the building's transverse direction, rather than the degree of freedom associated with the in-plane responses of the shear walls.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Response of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings with Flexible Diaphragms by : A. C. Costley
Download or read book Dynamic Response of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings with Flexible Diaphragms written by A. C. Costley and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Evaluation of Low-Rise Reinforced Masonry Buildings with Flexible Diaphragms by : Steven C. Sweeney
Download or read book Seismic Evaluation of Low-Rise Reinforced Masonry Buildings with Flexible Diaphragms written by Steven C. Sweeney and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an integrated approach to the seismic evaluation of low-rise reinforced masonry buildings with flexible roof diaphragms. The paper is divided into four phases. In Phase 1 (Behavior), results from shaking-table testing, quasi-static testing, and analytical predictions are integrated to provide a coherent description of the seismic response of low-rise reinforced masonry buildings with flexible roof diaphragms. Two half-scale, low-rise reinforced masonry buildings with flexible roof diaphragms are subjected to earthquake ground motions on the Tri-axial Earthquake and Shock Simulator at the United States Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center. Following the shaking-table tests, diaphragms and top four courses of attached masonry walls are salvaged from the half-scale structures and tested quasi-statically in their own plane. A new index, the diaphragm drift ratio, is introduced to describe the potential for diaphragm damage. In Phase 2 (Analysis), coordinated analytical modeling is developed and implemented to corroborate and extend the results of that experimental work, and to examine the efficacy and accuracy of different analytical modeling approaches. Linear elastic finite-element models, simplified two-degree-of-freedom models, and nonlinear lumped-parameter models are developed; all agree well with measured responses. In Phase 3 (Seismic Evaluation), the first two phases are used to develop and verify a simple extension to FEMA 310, the predominant seismic evaluation methodology for low-rise reinforced masonry buildings with flexible diaphragms. In Phase 4 (Application and Verification), the proposed extension, applied to four existing buildings, is shown to be simple, useful, and necessary.
Book Synopsis Seismic Strengthening of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings by : Kit M. Wong
Download or read book Seismic Strengthening of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings written by Kit M. Wong and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Assessment of Timber Floor Diaphragms in Unreinforced Masonry Buildings by : Aaron W. Wilson
Download or read book Seismic Assessment of Timber Floor Diaphragms in Unreinforced Masonry Buildings written by Aaron W. Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated experimental and analytical study investigating the in-plane performance of timber floor diaphragms in URM buildings is presented. The research presented in this thesis was conducted with the primary aim of developing a revised procedure for the detailed seismic assessment of timber floor diaphragms in URM buildings. The deformation mechanics of timber floor diaphragms are presented and were used to develop an analytical model that can be used to predict diaphragm nonlinear performance. The analytical model was used to update the current idealisation of diaphragm behaviour in current seismic assessment documents. A three-phase experimental testing program is presented. Nail connection testing results indicated that connections in diaphragms contained within existing URM buildings have substantially lower initial stiffness, strength, and displacement capacity than do new connections. Small-scale diaphragm testing results proved that friction resistance between straight-edge or tongue and groove floorboards is negligible. Full-scale diaphragm testing results confirmed the highly flexible and orthotropic behaviour of timber floor diaphragms, and that a small stairwell penetration or the presence of discontinuous joists having a reliable mechanical connection do not significantly influence diaphragm performance. A finite element (FE) modelling method for timber floor diaphragms using the structural analysis software SAP2000 was appropriately validated using analytical modelling results and experimental data. Salvaged nail connection load-slip test data was used to program a diaphragm FE model to establish the representative performance of diaphragms in ~100 year old URM buildings in New Zealand. A comprehensive parametric analysis of diaphragm behaviour was subsequently undertaken. Finally, a revised assessment procedure for timber floor diaphragms was developed, which incorporates representative performance parameters, and provides suitable provisions to account for diaphragm orthotropic behaviour and for variations in key diaphragm configuration characteristics.
Book Synopsis Seismic Assessment of Out of Plane Loaded Unreinforced Masonry Walls by : Hossein Derakhshan
Download or read book Seismic Assessment of Out of Plane Loaded Unreinforced Masonry Walls written by Hossein Derakhshan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates the behaviour of URM walls subjected to out-of-plane seismic forces, and the study is focused primarily on single-storey and two-storey one-way spanning walls connected to flexible diaphragms. Expressions that describe the intermediate-height cracking of out-of-plane loaded one-way spanning URM walls were formulated, and wall force-displacement behaviour and the sensitivity to various parameters were studied. Crack height was identified to be particularly sensitive to low values of masonry bond strength and/or to low values of applied overburden. Crack height was found to have significant effects on both wall instability displacement and lateral resistance. A comprehensive quasi-static testing programme was developed by subjecting full-scale two-leaf and three-leaf URM walls to out-of-plane uniform forces. The objective of the tests was to develop an idealised predictive model for the out-of-plane behaviour of URM walls, by accounting the effects of different mortar mixes, multi-leaf construction and overburden loads. An in-field out-of-plane pushover testing programme was next completed, and some of the key questions about actual wall performance were answered. Wall support types and characteristics and their effect on wall behaviour were investigated by testing multiple walls having different support configurations, which included timber diaphragms, concrete ring beam, and grouted steel anchorage bars. The effect of plaster and wall finishings was investigated, and the conditions upon which the previously developed idealised predictive model had acceptable results were determined. A simplified reduced-degree-of-freedom numerical model was developed to study the dynamic behaviour of URM walls, with critical requirements of the model being an ability to account for the effects of flexible supports and an ability to predict the behaviour of two-storey walls. An existing assessment procedure for seismic assessment of out-of-plane loaded URM walls was reviewed in detail, an alternative methodology for wall assessment was introduced, and seismic assessment charts were presented for single-storey and two-storey walls.
Book Synopsis A Methodology for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Multistory Residential Buildings by : Clarkson W. Pinkham
Download or read book A Methodology for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Multistory Residential Buildings written by Clarkson W. Pinkham and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Perspectives on European Earthquake Engineering and Seismology by : Atilla Ansal
Download or read book Perspectives on European Earthquake Engineering and Seismology written by Atilla Ansal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-28 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects 4 keynote and 15 theme lectures presented at the 2nd European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (2ECEES), held in Istanbul, Turkey, from August 24 to 29, 2014. The conference was organized by the Turkish Earthquake Foundation - Earthquake Engineering Committee and Prime Ministry, Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency under the auspices of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering (EAEE) and European Seismological Commission (ESC). The book’s nineteen state-of-the-art chapters were written by the most prominent researchers in Europe and address a comprehensive collection of topics on earthquake engineering, as well as interdisciplinary subjects such as engineering seismology and seismic risk assessment and management. Further topics include engineering seismology, geotechnical earthquake engineering, seismic performance of buildings, earthquake-resistant engineering structures, new techniques and technologies, and managing risk in seismic regions. The book also presents the First Professor Inge Lehmann Distinguished Award Lecture given by Prof. Shamita Das in honor of Prof. Dr. Inge Lehmann. The aim of this work is to present the state-of-the art and latest practices in the fields of earthquake engineering and seismology, with Europe’s most respected researchers addressing recent and ongoing developments while also proposing innovative avenues for future research and development. Given its cutting-edge conten t and broad spectrum of topics, the book offers a unique reference guide for researchers in these fields. Audience: This book is of interest to civil engineers in the fields of geotechnical and structural earthquake engineering; scientists and researchers in the fields of seismology, geology and geophysics. Not only scientists, engineers and students, but also those interested in earthquake hazard assessment and mitigation will find in this book the most recent advances.
Book Synopsis Guidelines for Seismic Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Tilt-up Buildings and Other Rigid Wall/flexible Diaphragm Structures by :
Download or read book Guidelines for Seismic Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Tilt-up Buildings and Other Rigid Wall/flexible Diaphragm Structures written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Design for Buildings by : United States. Dept. of the Army
Download or read book Seismic Design for Buildings written by United States. Dept. of the Army and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
