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Searches For Point Like Sources Of Astrophysical Neutrinos With The Icecube Neutrino Observatory
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Book Synopsis Searches for Point-like Sources of Astrophysical Neutrinos with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory by :
Download or read book Searches for Point-like Sources of Astrophysical Neutrinos with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic rays are accelerated to high energies in astrophysical objects, and create neutrinos when interacting with matter or photons. Observing a point source of high-energy astro-physical neutrinos would therefore be a smoking gun signature of cosmic ray acceleration. While evidence for a diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos was recently found, the origin of this flux is not yet known. We present three analyses searching for neutrino point sources with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a cubic kilometer Cherenkov detector located at the geographic South Pole. The analyses target astrophysical sources emitting neutrinos of all flavors, and cover energies from TeV to EeV. The first analysis searches point source emission of muon neutrinos using throughgoing muon tracks. The second analysis searches for spatial clustering among high-energy astrophysical neutrino candidate events, and is sensitive to neutrinos of all three flavors. The third analysis selects starting track events, muon neutrinos with interactions vertices inside the detector, to lower the energy threshold in the southern hemisphere. In each analysis, an un-binned likelihood method tests for spatial clustering of events anywhere in the sky as well as for neutrinos correlated with known gamma-ray sources. All results are consistent with the background-only hypothesis, and the resulting upper limits on E-2 neutrino emission are the most stringent throughout the entire sky. In the northern hemisphere, the upper limits are beginning to constrain emission models. In the southern hemisphere, the upper limits in the 100 TeV energy range are an order of magnitude lower than previous IceCube results, but are not yet probing predicted flux levels. By comparing the point source limits to the observed diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux, we also constrain the minimum number of neutrino sources and investigate the properties of potential source populations contributing to the diffuse flux. Additionally, an a posteriori analysis of one of the highest energy starting track events determined it to be a 2.8 sigma fluctuation above the atmospheric background expectation. While a single event is not indicative of a point source, this is the most significant well-localized astrophysical neutrino candidate yet observed.
Book Synopsis Search for Extended Galactic Sources of Astrophysical Neutrinos with the Icecube Neutrino Observatory by : Devyn Rysewyk Cantu
Download or read book Search for Extended Galactic Sources of Astrophysical Neutrinos with the Icecube Neutrino Observatory written by Devyn Rysewyk Cantu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IceCube Neutrino Observatory0́4a cubic-kilometer of instrumented ice at the geographic South Pole0́4has been observing a high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux since 2010. However, a steady source of these neutrinos is yet to be identified. Possible candidates contributing to the high-energy neutrino flux include extended sources (spanning a few degrees) originating from within the Milky Way. Such sources have been discovered in the very-high-energy gamma-ray sky along the Galactic plane with experiments such as HAWC and H.E.S.S. If the emission from these extended sources is of a hadronic origin, an associated flux of neutrinos from the decay of pions is also expected to be observed. Therefore, an observation of neutrino emission from these extended gamma-ray sources would provide direct insight into cosmic-ray acceleration in the galaxy. Two approaches to performing dedicated searches for extended sources along the Galactic plane with nine years of IceCube data will be discussed. With these two approaches, no significant sources were found and the results are consistent with background.While IceCube has revealed the existence of sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, the identification of the sources is challenging because astrophysical neutrinos are difficult to separate from the background of atmospheric neutrinos produced in cosmic-ray-induced particle cascades in the atmosphere. The efficient detection of air showers in coincidence with detected neutrinos can greatly reduce those backgrounds and increase the sensitivity of neutrino telescopes. Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) are sensitive to gamma-ray-induced (and cosmic-ray-induced) air showers in the 50 GeV to 50 TeV range, and can therefore be used as background-identifiers for neutrino observatories. The feasibility of an array of small scale, wide field-of-view, cost-effective IACTs as an air shower veto for neutrino astronomy will be discussed. A surface array of 250 to 750 telescopes would significantly improve the performance of a cubic kilometer-scale detector like IceCube, at a cost of a few percent of the original investment. The number of telescopes in the array can be optimized based on astronomical and geometrical considerations.
Book Synopsis Neutrino Astronomy: Current Status, Future Prospects by : Thomas K Gaisser
Download or read book Neutrino Astronomy: Current Status, Future Prospects written by Thomas K Gaisser and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review volume is motivated by the recent discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube. The aim of the book is to bring together chapters on the status of current and future neutrino observatories with chapters on the implications and possible interpretations of the present observations and their upper limits. Each chapter is a mini-review of one aspect of the subject by leading experts. Taken together, the chapters constitute an up-to-date review of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos and their potential sources.
Book Synopsis Astrophysical Neutrino Source Searches Using IceCube Starting Tracks by : Sarah Louise Mancina
Download or read book Astrophysical Neutrino Source Searches Using IceCube Starting Tracks written by Sarah Louise Mancina and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IceCube detector is an array of optical light detectors embedded deep in the South Pole ice that aims to discover the origins of astrophysical neutrinos. Due to the detector's location, the southern equatorial sky astrophysical neutrino signal lies under a large background of muons generated in cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. Therefore, IceCube's sensitivity to astrophysical neutrino sources has always been stronger in the northern sky, where the main background is atmospheric neutrinos created by cosmic ray air showers. The research presented here focuses on improving IceCube's sensitivity to southern sky sources by selecting for starting tracks, which are created by muon neutrinos that interact inside of the IceCube detector volume. By selecting for starting tracks, we not only reduce the atmospheric muon background but also the atmospheric neutrino background, allowing for a high purity sample of astrophysical neutrinos in the southern sky. The starting tracks were used to perform four types of searches for astrophysical neutrino sources: a whole sky neutrinosource search, an individual source search with locations from bright gamma ray objects, a stacked source search which looks for a signal from multiple sources of the same type, and a galactic plane template search which looks for neutrinos created in the galactic plane medium. All searches were unable to significantly detect an astrophysical neutrino source, but the starting track selection technique could be used in tandem with other selections to discover galactic sources of neutrinos in the future.
Book Synopsis Searching for Neutrinos from Gravitational Wave Sources with IceCube by : Raamis Hussain (Ph.D.)
Download or read book Searching for Neutrinos from Gravitational Wave Sources with IceCube written by Raamis Hussain (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube in 2013 and of gravitational waves by LIGO in 2015 have enabled a new era of multi-messenger astronomy. Gravitational waves (GWs) can identify the merging of compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes. These compact mergers, especially neutron star mergers, are potential neutrino sources. Identifying joint sources of GWs and neutrinos would be a major breakthrough in multi-messenger astrophysics and allow us to understand the dynamics of compact binary mergers as well as understand the particle acceleration mechanisms taking place in these extreme environments. In this thesis we study the correlation between compact binary mergers and high-energy neutrino emission. We use IceCube neutrino data together with GW data provided by the LIGO Virgo Collaboration (LVC) to search for neutrino counterparts to GW events observed by LVC. We perform an unbinned maximum likelihood analysis which uses uses a neutrino likelihood along with localization information provided by LVC to search for joint sources of GWs and high-energy neutrinos. During LVC's three observing run, we followed up over 70 GW events with IceCube data. We also developed a low-latency pipeline capable of performing rapid neutrino follow up searches within minutes of a GW detection and report the results to the astronomical community. Overall we performed multiple follow up searches for both long and short time scale neutrino emission from GW events using multiple neutrino data samples. No significant neutrino emission is observed in any analysis and upper limits are placed on the time-integrated, energy scaled neutrino flux, E[^2]F, observed at IceCube from each GW event. We also place upper limits on the total isotropic equivalent energy, E[iso], emitted in high-energy neutrinos by each GW event. While no neutrino emission is observed in the analyses described here, the methods described here demonstrate the potential for discovering joint sources of GWs and high-energy neutrinos given enough high-quality neutrino and GW data.
Book Synopsis The Search for High Energy Tau Neutrinos Using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory by : Logan James Wille
Download or read book The Search for High Energy Tau Neutrinos Using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory written by Logan James Wille and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High energy neutrinos provide a new frontier of astrophysical and particle physics research. Astrophysical neutrinos are produced at the same sources as hadronic cosmic rays throughout the universe in many different accelerators. These neutrinos propagate a very long distance to reach the Earth during which they experience oscillations between the flavors, including tau neutrinos which are not produced at the source. Astrophysical tau neutrinos are a clear sign of neutrino oscillations, which can shed light on beyond standard model physics at energy scales and distance scales not yet explored. The signature of the BSM physics can be seen in the flavor ratio of astrophysical neutrinos. However, astrophysical tau neutrinos have not yet been observed by IceCube, this dissertation is on my work to observe astrophysical tau neutrinos. The work presented here is about an improved analysis to observe astrophysical tau neutrinos using novel observation techniques, a critical key in measuring the astrophysical neutrino flavor ratio. Neutrino oscillations, interactions, and observe techniques will be explored along with the methods to improve a previous analysis of IceCube data to observe neutrinos. The main signature used to observe tau neutrinos is a double pulse waveform, where a single DOM observes the Cherenkov light signals associated with both the tau neutrino interaction and the decay of the tau that it produced. This analysis focuses on observing O (100 TeV) tau neutrinos via double pulse waveforms in 8.5 years of data. The analysis observed two neutrino candidates and one probable muon background event which resulting in setting upper limits of tau neutrino flux at 1.1×10^(−18) ×E^(−2.19), 2.5×10^(−18) ×E^(−2.5), and 6.0^(−18) ×E^(−2.9)GeV^(−1)cm^(−2)s^(−1)sr^(−1).
Book Synopsis A Search for Extraterrestrial Point-sources of Neutrinos with AMANDA-II by : David Arthur Steele
Download or read book A Search for Extraterrestrial Point-sources of Neutrinos with AMANDA-II written by David Arthur Steele and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hunting for Cosmic Neutrino Sources from Giga- to Exa-electronvolt with IceCube by : Alexander Pizzuto
Download or read book Hunting for Cosmic Neutrino Sources from Giga- to Exa-electronvolt with IceCube written by Alexander Pizzuto and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the first observation of cosmic rays over a century ago, the origins of these high-energy particles have remained a mystery. Identifying and understanding the sources of these cosmic rays could provide invaluable insight into not only astrophysics but also fundamental particle physics. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a cubic-kilometer neutrino telescope, has made remarkable progress on this front -- first with the detection of a diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux in 2013, and later with the identification of a flaring blazar as a promising neutrino source. However, the sources of the vast majority of the diffuse neutrino flux remain unidentified. The goal of this thesis is to develop tools to identify astrophysical neutrino sources with current neutrino observatories. We show how analyzing neutrino data with new techniques could reveal an immense deal about the nature of the universe's most energetic particle accelerators. First, we describe a pipeline that uses realtime data to search for neutrino emission from astrophysical transients. Next, we look for neutrino emission in the direction of IceCube alert events to constrain populations of neutrino sources. We then present the first ever search for sub-TeV neutrino emission from novae. Lastly, we search for neutrino emission coincident with ANITA neutrino candidates, and show how IceCube can search for neutrinos with energies traditionally reserved for radio neutrino detectors. All of the analyses resulted in non-detections, and we present upper-limits for each. Our results include, but are not limited to, (1) the first constraints on neutrino emission from novae, (2) the first constraints on neutrino emission from fast radio bursts at a level more constraining than the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux, (3) the first constraints on populations of day-scale transient neutrino sources, and (4) the first joint interpretation of very-high-energy optical Cherenkov neutrino data and ultra-high-energy radio neutrino data in the context of astrophysical neutrino sources. Although all of these analyses resulted in non-detections, these tools have already provided interesting constraints on the sources of high-energy neutrinos, and we are hopeful that the tools presented here will assist with the identification of cosmic neutrino sources in the years to come.
Book Synopsis Exploring the Universe Using Neutrinos by : Rickard Strom
Download or read book Exploring the Universe Using Neutrinos written by Rickard Strom and published by . This book was released on 2015-12-28 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Searches for Neutrinos from Fast Radio Burst and Other Astrophysical Transients with IceCube by : Samuel Fahey
Download or read book Searches for Neutrinos from Fast Radio Burst and Other Astrophysical Transients with IceCube written by Samuel Fahey and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advancements in physics and detector technology in the last half-century have enabled the efficient detection of neutrinos for astronomy. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has detected an astrophysical component of these weakly interacting, neutral elementary particles, but their origins are mostly unknown. This thesis focuses on analyses that seek to correlate IceCube's neutrino data with astronomical sources detected in electromagnetic channels, in hopes of associating neutrinos with their sources and furthering our understanding of astrophysical source classes. Using techniques designed for transients -- objects with highly variable or pulsed emission -- analyses of fast radio bursts (FRBs) and of galactic novae are covered in this dissertation. The analyses presented here produced the rst limits on neutrino emission from FRBs and the most constraining current limits for all FRBs discovered through March 2018. Methods particular to millisecond-scale transient analyses are discussed, as well as initial work towards an analysis of galactic novae and miscellaneous analysis-related projects.
Book Synopsis Searches for Point-like Sources of Neutrinos with the 40-string IceCube Detector by : Jonathan P. Dumm
Download or read book Searches for Point-like Sources of Neutrinos with the 40-string IceCube Detector written by Jonathan P. Dumm and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Time Sensitive Searches for Electromagnetic Counterparts to High Energy Neutrinos by : Colin Turley
Download or read book Time Sensitive Searches for Electromagnetic Counterparts to High Energy Neutrinos written by Colin Turley and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present the results of multiple electromagnetic searches for counterparts of high energy neutrinos detected by the IceCube and ANTARES neutrino observatories. A long standing problem in astrophysics is the cosmic ray origin problem. Due to their electric charge, cosmic rays deflect in the interstellar and intergalactic magnetic fields, obfuscating their origins. Similarly, the origins of high energy neutrinos are largely unknown, with only one positively identified source, the blazar TXS 0506+056.Multimessenger astrophysics offers a method to discover the sources of high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos. The mechanisms that produce cosmic rays and neutrinos are very likely to also produce high energy -rays. Coincident searches for -rays and neutrinos have the potential to reveal the sources of high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos. Such searches have already borne fruit, with the coincident detection of TXS 0506+056.This thesis details several searches for + transients, their results, and what they may indicate for future searches. The first search detailed is a blazar flare analysis, looking for neutrinos coincident with TeV -rays from several bright northern blazars. This search found a statistical excess of neutrinos during blazar flares, but indicated that the blazar Markarian 421 is a strong candidate for either detecting or limiting neutrino emission from blazars. The second and third projects utilized the Fermi-LAT -ray data to search for electromagnetic counterparts to high energy neutrinos. These searches both looked for a population of subthreshold + transients, and for an excess of individually high significance + transients. Using neutrino data from the IceCube 40 and 59 string datasets, we found no evidence of a subthreshold population of + transients, and no individually high significance events. We did observe a trend for IC59 neutrinos to arrive in regions of the sky that were TeV bright (p=7%) and would like to see if this behavior persists in other neutrino datasets. Our search with archival ANTARES data likewise found no subthreshold population of + transients. In parallel with these searches, we also performed X-ray followup to IceCube detections of likely cosmic neutrinos using the Swift satellite. These searches are important to the field of multimessenger astrophysics as they are what led to the detection of the neutrino emitting blazar TXS 0506+056. Targeted coincidence searches, especially time sensitive searches, are essential to finding more neutrino sources and identifying the sources of high-energy cosmic rays.
Book Synopsis High Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos by : Debanjan Bose
Download or read book High Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos written by Debanjan Bose and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a pedagogical introduction to the likely sources of these neutrinos, their propagation and detection mechanisms. Detection of high energy neutrinos of extragalactic origin has led to an interdisciplinary field of research, involving astronomy, astrophysics and particle physics. An extensive review of various detectors and the observations is provided that consolidates the latest findings. Above a few tens of TeVs, neutrinos are conceived as more reliable messengers for astronomy than photons as these photons get absorbed in the background photon field. Determining the neutrino spectrum not only helps in exploring astrophysical objects like AGN, GRB, etc. but also allows us to study particle physics at unprecedented energies. This introductory book is intended to help advanced undergraduate and graduate students to get into the subject with ease, and it simultaneously caters to practicing theoretical or experimental physicists as a reference book.
Book Synopsis Every Flare, Everywhere by : William Luszczak
Download or read book Every Flare, Everywhere written by William Luszczak and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent results from the IceCube collaboration regarding the blazar TXS 0506+056 suggest the presence of neutrino flares that are not temporally coincident with a significant corresponding gamma ray flare. Such flares are particularly difficult to identify, as their presence must be inferred from the temporal distribution of neutrino data alone. While previously existing statistical methods fit for only the largest neutrino flare candidate at a particular location, this work introduces an extension to fit for the contributions from multiple flare candidates at once, thereby increasing the sensitivity to sub-threshold neutrino flares. The need for a multiple flare fit is further motivated by the increasing duration of the IceCube data available for analysis. In this work, this "multi-flare" method is applied to data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory using two different source catalogs to explore emission from candidates similar to TXS 0506+056. This method is additionally used to create a "multi-flare" skymap, describing the temporal variability of IceCube data at every point in the neutrino sky. These results can be used to place further constraints on potential populations of transient neutrino sources, serving as a complement to existing time-integrated and time-dependent methods.
Book Synopsis Origin of IceCube's Astrophysical Neutrinos: Autocorrelation, Multi-Point-Source and Time-Structured Searches by : Anna Bernhard
Download or read book Origin of IceCube's Astrophysical Neutrinos: Autocorrelation, Multi-Point-Source and Time-Structured Searches written by Anna Bernhard and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Extending the Search for Neutrino Point Sources with IceCube Above the Horizon by :
Download or read book Extending the Search for Neutrino Point Sources with IceCube Above the Horizon written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Point source searches with the IceCube neutrino telescope have been restricted to one hemisphere, due to the exclusive selection of upward going events as a way of rejecting the atmospheric muon background. We show that the region above the horizon can be included by suppressing the background through energy-sensitive cuts. This approach improves the sensitivity above PeV energies, previously not accessible for declinations of more than a few degrees below the horizon due to the absorption of neutrinos in Earth. We present results based on data collected with 22 strings of IceCube, extending its field of view and energy reach for point source searches. No significant excess above the atmospheric background is observed in a sky scan and in tests of source candidates. Upper limits are reported, which for the first time cover point sources in the southern sky up to EeV energies.
Book Synopsis Search for Steady and Flaring Astrophysical Neutrino Point Sources with the IceCube Detector by : José Luis Bazo Alba
Download or read book Search for Steady and Flaring Astrophysical Neutrino Point Sources with the IceCube Detector written by José Luis Bazo Alba and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
