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Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessments Of Some Military Munitions And Obscurant Related Compounds For Selected Threatened And Endangered Species
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Book Synopsis Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessments of Some Military Munitions and Obscurant-related Compounds for Selected Threatened and Endangered Species by :
Download or read book Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessments of Some Military Munitions and Obscurant-related Compounds for Selected Threatened and Endangered Species written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preparation for anticipated, unknown, and invariably adverse battlefield conditions requires military training activities involving military smokes and obscurants (S & Os) and related chemical compounds, and can result in the release of other chemical agents and military unique compounds (MUCs) associated with munitions. This study evaluates the potential long-term impacts on selected threatened and endangered species resulting from dispersion and deposition of vapors and particles found in the fog oils, hexachloroethane smoke, colored smokes, white phosphorus, and obscurants such as brass flakes and graphite flakes used during training. Residue from these constituents can deposit directly on plants and prey species favored by higher vertebrates and other species or can be taken up by plants and prey species from the soil. From the literature and installation use reports, the authors develop estimates of toxicity and exposure to calculate installation-specific screening-level risk for selected threatened and endangered species.
Book Synopsis Summary of a Workshop on Ecological Risk Assessment and Military-Related Compounds: Current Research Needs by :
Download or read book Summary of a Workshop on Ecological Risk Assessment and Military-Related Compounds: Current Research Needs written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 21,000 contaminated sites have been identified on Department of Defense (DoD) installations. The scope of this environmental problem is obvious whether one considers the nature and extent of contamination or the amount of resources required to evaluate and/or clean up such a large number of sites. Under most circumstances, decisions regarding the need for and the scope of any cleanup action will be driven by environmental risk assessment. As required by Federal regulation, such assessments must address the potential risk to human health and the environment posed by the contaminants present at any particular site. Over the last 20 years, methods for performing human health risk assessments have developed, matured, and been incorporated into well established Federal guidance used within various Federal programs and agencies, Compensation and Liability Act or Superfund. Greater public concern recent years has been focused on more general environmental problems resulting from the presence of contaminants in the environment. However, the issues involved in making a determination about the broader ecological consequences of contaminant exposure are more complex than those related to human health risk. This fact is most simply illustrated by considering that human heath risk assessments need only focus on the risk to one receptor, humans; whereas, an ecological risk assessment must potentially consider the risk to hundreds of interacting species located at any particular site. This disparity in the complexity involved in human and ecological assessments of risk is further emphasized by the fact that for ecological risk assessments, the number and kinds of receptors vary considerably from site to site.
Book Synopsis Military Munitions-related Compounds Fate and Effects by : Katherine von Stackleberg
Download or read book Military Munitions-related Compounds Fate and Effects written by Katherine von Stackleberg and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods for Field Studies of Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-Control Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species. Volume 2: Methods for Assessing Ecological Risks by : B. Sample
Download or read book Methods for Field Studies of Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-Control Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species. Volume 2: Methods for Assessing Ecological Risks written by B. Sample and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smokes, obscurants, and riot-control agents constitute a diverse group of chemical compounds that are released into the environment during military training exercises. Concern has been expressed over the use of these compounds and how they may adversely affect threatened and endangered (T & E) species that reside on military reservations. To evaluate if smokes and obscurants present a hazard to T & E species, the appropriate data must be collected. These data must be adequate to evaluate both direct ecological effects (effects to T & E species that result from direct exposure to smokes or smoke residues) and indirect ecological effects (effects on T & E species that result from effects of smokes on habitats of T & E species or on species upon which T & E species depend). This report presents an approach for the selection of methods suitable to evaluate the ecological risks that smokes and obscurants present to T & E species, summarizes available sampling, survey, and toxicity testing methods, and outlines an approach for estimating risks based on weighing multiple lines of evidence. Volume 1 of this series will be an overview of the entire study and will include information on applicable regulations. Volume 3 will discuss strategies for developing a statistically sound approach to assessing effects of military smokes and obscurants. Volume 4 will discuss appropriate chemical analysis methods.
Book Synopsis Institut français d'Afrique noire by :
Download or read book Institut français d'Afrique noire written by and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Military Smokes and Obscurants Fate and Effects by : Katherine von Stackleberg
Download or read book Military Smokes and Obscurants Fate and Effects written by Katherine von Stackleberg and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Understanding Risk to Wildlife from Exposures to Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) by : Mark S. Johnson
Download or read book Understanding Risk to Wildlife from Exposures to Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) written by Mark S. Johnson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Risk to Wildlife from Exposures to Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) provides the most recent summary of toxicity data relevant to mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, and provides values for use in risk assessment applications. Predicting the bioaccumulation of PFAS in terrestrial wildlife (including humans) has proven to be extremely complex. As a group, PFAS act differently than traditional non-ionic organic molecules, where PFAS can break down and reform, whereas some are demonstrated to be extremely persistent. Where sufficient data are provided, this book establishes toxicity reference values (TRVs), which are derived to assist in characterizing environmental sources of contamination and making risk-based decisions. Features: Provides toxicity reference values (TRVs) for vertebrates (mammals, birds, amphibians) for PFAS, where sufficient data are available, and includes objective supporting background information. Assigns a level of confidence to each TRV to provide the risk assessor with an understanding of the relative uncertainty associated with each value. Presents toxicity data in the formats of scatter diagrams and tables for quick review and assessment. Provides TRVs relevant for screening and decision making This book serves as a useful aid for risk assessors and managers in those industries that have sites contaminated with PFAS, consultants tasked with evaluating risks at such sites, and staff at regulatory agencies at various governmental levels, who need to know how much contamination is considered safe for wildlife. It will also appeal to researchers with an interest in filling the gaps in the current toxicological data for PFAS exposure.
Book Synopsis Summary of a Workshop on Ecological Risk Assessment and Military-Related Compounds by : Todd S. Bridges
Download or read book Summary of a Workshop on Ecological Risk Assessment and Military-Related Compounds written by Todd S. Bridges and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods for Field Studies of the Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-COntrol Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species. Volume 4. Chemical Analytical Methods by :
Download or read book Methods for Field Studies of the Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-COntrol Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species. Volume 4. Chemical Analytical Methods written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication contains the appendices for Methods for Field Studies of the Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-control Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species, Volume 4: Chemical Analytical Methods. The main text for Volume 4 examines chemical analytical methods for isolating and detecting the components of smokes, obscurants, and riot-control agents from environmental media (both abiotic and biotic). These unattached Appendices contain the recommended analytical methods, both standard and nonstandard. The Appendices also include methods for sample collection, transport, storage, and preparation. Volume 1 of this series will be an overview of the entire study and will include information on applicable regulations. Volume 2 (USACERL Technical Report 971140, September 1997) reviews methods for assessing ecological risks. Volume 3 will discuss strategies for developing a statistically sound approach to assessing the effects of military smokes, obscurants, and riot-control agents.
Book Synopsis Methods for Field Studies of Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-control Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species by : B. E. Sample
Download or read book Methods for Field Studies of Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-control Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species written by B. E. Sample and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bromacil Ecological Risk Assessment by : ENSR International
Download or read book Bromacil Ecological Risk Assessment written by ENSR International and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To evaluate the effects of the proposed vegetation treatment methods and alternatives on public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in the western continental U.S. including Alaska, BLM and its contractor, ENSR, have prepared a document, "Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement, Vegetation Treatments Using Herbicides on Bureau of Land Management Lands in 17 Western States." As part of the Programmatic EIS, an ecological risk assessment was conducted on several herbicide active ingredients currently used, or proposed for use, by BLM in order to evaluate potential risks to human health and the environment that may result from exposure to the herbicides both during and after treatment of public lands. In support of the EIS, this document evaluates the potential risks to the environment that would result from the use of the herbicide Bromacil, including risks to rare, threatened, and endangered plant and animal species. Similar reports for nine other herbicides are also published.
Book Synopsis Methods for Field Studies of Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-control Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species by : B. E. Sample
Download or read book Methods for Field Studies of Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-control Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species written by B. E. Sample and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Culture Policy in Croatia written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of a Multimedia Exposure Assessment Model for Evaluating Ecological Risk of Exposure to Military-Related Compounds (MRCs) at Military Sites by :
Download or read book Development of a Multimedia Exposure Assessment Model for Evaluating Ecological Risk of Exposure to Military-Related Compounds (MRCs) at Military Sites written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes several multimedia exposure assessment models and discusses their applicability for use in evaluating ecological risk of exposure to military-related compounds (MRCs). The risk of exposure to MRCs by ecological units is of vital importance because of the unique characteristics of certain military specific compounds. This assessment of risk is valuable for permitting and planning activities as well as for possible cleanup operations of contaminated sites should the risk to an ecological unit become too great. The requirement that the model be a screening-level model was made to allow for the use of simplified, quantitative, predictive methods that minimize time and effort for implementation in order to quickly obtain the necessary information needed to make a judgment of risk to an ecological unit. The MRCs of primary concern addressed in this report are 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). Briefly discussed is the risk of exposure to radioactive compounds. This report presents a discussion of the selection of an existing screening-level model and the modifications made to allow for the evaluation of ecological risk of exposure to the primary MRCs of concern at military sites (i.e., TNT, RDX, and HMX).
Book Synopsis Demonstration of the Military Ecological Risk Assessment Framework (MERAF) by :
Download or read book Demonstration of the Military Ecological Risk Assessment Framework (MERAF) written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ecological risk assessment for a testing program at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, is a demonstration of the Military Ecological Risk Assessment Framework (MERAF; Suter et al. 2001). The demonstration is intended to illustrate how risk assessment guidance concerning-generic military training and testing activities and guidance concerning a specific type of activity (e.g., low-altitude aircraft overflights) may be implemented at a military installation. MERAF was developed with funding from the Strategic Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the Department of Defense. Novel aspects of MERAF include: (1) the assessment of risks from physical stressors using an ecological risk assessment framework, (2) the consideration of contingent or indirect effects of stressors (e.g., population-level effects that are derived from habitat or hydrological changes), (3) the integration of risks associated with different component activities or stressors, (4) the emphasis on quantitative risk estimates and estimates of uncertainty, and (5) the modularity of design, permitting components of the framework to be used in various military risk assessments that include similar activities. The particular subject of this report is the assessment of ecological risks associated with a testing program at Cibola Range of Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona. The program involves an Apache Longbow helicopter firing Hellfire missiles at moving targets, i.e., M60-A1 tanks. Thus, the three component activities of the Apache-Hellfire test were: (1) helicopter overflight, (2) missile firing, and (3) tracked vehicle movement. The demonstration was limited, to two ecological endpoint entities (i.e., potentially susceptible and valued populations or communities): woody desert wash communities and mule deer populations. The core assessment area is composed of about 126 km2 between the Chocolate and Middle Mountains. The core time of the program is a three-week period, including fourteen days of activity in August of 2000.
Book Synopsis Ecological Risk Assessment by : Glenn W. Suter II
Download or read book Ecological Risk Assessment written by Glenn W. Suter II and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-10-23 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, environmental scientists have been required to perform a new type of assessment-ecological risk assessment. This is the first book that explains how to perform ecological risk assessments and gives assessors access to the full range of useful data, models, and conceptual approaches they need to perform an accurate assessment. It explains how ecological risk assessment relates to more familiar types of assessments. It also shows how to organize and conduct an ecological risk assessment, including defining the source, selecting endpoints, describing the relevant features of the receiving environment, estimating exposure, estimating effects, characterizing the risks, and interacting with the risk manager. Specific technical topics include finding and selecting toxicity data; statistical and mathematical models of effects on organisms, populations, and ecosystems; estimation of chemical fate parameters; modeling of chemical transport and fate; estimation of chemical uptake by organisms; and estimation, propagation, and presentation of uncertainty. Ecological Risk Assessment also covers conventional risk assessments, risk assessments for existing contamination, large scale problems, exotic organisms, and risk assessments based on environmental monitoring. Environmental assessors at regulatory agencies, consulting firms, industry, and government labs need this book for its approaches and methods for ecological risk assessment. Professors in ecology and other environmental sciences will find the book's practical preparation useful for classroom instruction. Environmental toxicologists and chemists will appreciate the discussion of the utility for risk assessment of particular toxicity tests and chemical determinations.
Book Synopsis Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists by :
Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1971-09 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
