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Screening For Cognitive Impairment In Older Adults
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Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309459591 Total Pages :181 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Societies around the world are concerned about dementia and the other forms of cognitive impairment that affect many older adults. We now know that brain changes typically begin years before people show symptoms, which suggests a window of opportunity to prevent or delay the onset of these conditions. Emerging evidence that the prevalence of dementia is declining in high-income countries offers hope that public health interventions will be effective in preventing or delaying cognitive impairments. Until recently, the research and clinical communities have focused primarily on understanding and treating these conditions after they have developed. Thus, the evidence base on how to prevent or delay these conditions has been limited at best, despite the many claims of success made in popular media and advertising. Today, however, a growing body of prevention research is emerging. Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Way Forward assesses the current state of knowledge on interventions to prevent cognitive decline and dementia, and informs future research in this area. This report provides recommendations of appropriate content for inclusion in public health messages from the National Institute on Aging.
Author :U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781495302527 Total Pages :412 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (25 download)
Book Synopsis Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults by : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Download or read book Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults written by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-01-23 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dementia is an acquired condition that is characterized by a decline in at least two cognitive domains (e.g., loss of memory, attention, language, or visuospatial or executive functioning) that is severe enough to affect social or occupational functioning. Patients with dementia may also exhibit behavioral and psychological symptoms. The proposed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, version 5 (DSM-V) subsumes dementia under a new syndrome, “major neurocognitive disorder.” Patients with major neurocognitive disorder experience a significant cognitive decline that is significant enough to interfere with independence in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), but this decline cannot be wholly due to delirium or another mental disorder, such as schizophrenia. Based on its etiology, dementia can be classified as degenerative, vascular, or other. The major dementia syndromes in older adults include: Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease with dementia, and dementia of mixed etiology. In these dementia syndromes, abnormal deposits that accumulate in the brain are believed to contribute to deterioration of brain function and dementia. The exact etiological mechanisms for many types of dementia, however, have not been clearly defined. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is distinguished from dementia in that cognitive impairment is not severe enough to interfere with independence in daily life. Researchers describe this condition using various terminology that includes differences in diagnostic criteria and underlying constructs, such as MCI, cognitive impairment no dementia, age-related cognitive decline, mild neurocognitive disorder, and mild cognitive disorder. The International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment established the current, and perhaps most commonly used, criteria for MCI as: cognitive decline as evidenced by self and/or informant and/or clinician report and impairment on objective cognitive tasks, and/or evidence of decline over time on objective tasks; preserved basic activities of daily living (ADLs) (or minimal impairment in complex instrumental functions); and does not meet DSM-IV, ICD-10 criteria for a dementia syndrome. MCI is thought to be an intermediate phase between normal cognition and dementia. In 2003, the USPSTF concluded that there was insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine screening for dementia in older adults (I statement). This recommendation was based on an evidence review that indicated that while some screening tests had good sensitivity, they had only fair specificity in detecting cognitive impairment and dementia. While this review found evidence that several drug therapies had a beneficial effect on cognitive function, the magnitude of this benefit was small. In 2011, we developed a work plan for this evidence review to address the previous review's evidence gaps and support the USPSTF in updating its previous recommendation. This updated recommendation is focused more broadly on screening for cognitive impairment, including both dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This evidence review was designed to assess 1) the net benefit and diagnostic accuracy of brief screening instruments to detect cognitive impairment in older adults, and 2) the net benefit of the commonly used treatment and management options for older adults with MCI or early dementia and their caregivers. Our review primarily focuses on screening adults in primary care, rather than specialty care settings (e.g., neurology or memory clinics), and the management of screen-detected people with cognitive impairment, excluding delirium. As a result, this review includes the treatment and management of people with MCI and mild to moderate dementia, as opposed to moderately-severe or severe dementia.
Book Synopsis Cognition and Cancer by : Christina A. Meyers
Download or read book Cognition and Cancer written by Christina A. Meyers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-12-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a unique resource on the influence cancer and cancer treatments have on cognition. The majority of cancer patients on active treatment experience cognitive impairments often referred to as 'chemobrain' or 'chemofog'. In addition, patients with primary or metastatic tumors of the brain often experience direct neurologic symptoms. This book helps health care professionals working with cancer patients who experience cognitive changes and provides practical information to help improve care by reviewing and describing brain-behavior relationships; research-based evidence on cognitive changes that occur with various cancers and cancer treatments; assessment techniques, including neurocognitive assessment and neuroimaging techniques; and intervention strategies for affected patients. In short, it will explain how to identify, assess and treat these conditions.
Book Synopsis Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults by : Jennifer Lin
Download or read book Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults written by Jennifer Lin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVE: We conducted this systematic review to support the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) in updating its recommendation on screening for cognitive impairment in older adults. Our review addresses five questions: 1) Does screening for cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults improve decisionmaking, patient, family/caregiver, or societal outcomes?; 2) What is the test performance of screening instruments to detect dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in community-dwelling older adult primary care patients?; 3) What are the harms of screening for cognitive impairment?; 4) Do interventions for early dementia or MCI in older adults improve decisionmaking, patient, family/caregiver, or societal outcomes?; and 5) What are the harms of interventions for cognitive impairment? CONCLUSIONS: We found no trial evidence that examined the effect of screening for cognitive impairment on patient, caregiver, or clinician decisionmaking or important patient, caregiver, or societal outcomes. Several brief screening instruments can adequately detect dementia, especially in populations with a higher prevalence of underlying dementia. Despite the size of this body of literature, only a handful of instruments have been studied as screening tests in more than one study. AChEIs, memantine, complex caregiver interventions, and cognitive stimulation all have evidence to support their use in mild to moderate dementia, specifically AD. However, the clinical importance of their benefit is unclear because the average effects of benefit observed in trials was small or had a large amount of imprecision.
Book Synopsis Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: an Evidence Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force by : Carrie D. Patnode
Download or read book Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: an Evidence Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force written by Carrie D. Patnode and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVE: We conducted this systematic review to support the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force in updating its 2014 recommendation on screening for cognitive impairment in older adults. Our review addressed the direct evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for cognitive impairment versus no screening, the test accuracy of screening instruments to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, and the benefits and harms of treatment for MCI and mild to moderate dementia among community-dwelling older adults age 65 years and older. CONCLUSIONS: Several brief screening instruments can adequately detect cognitive impairment, especially in populations with a higher prevalence of underlying dementia. There is no empiric evidence, however, that screening for cognitive impairment or early diagnosis of cognitive impairment improves patient, caregiver, family, or clinician decision making or other important outcomes nor causes harm. In general, there is support that AChEIs and memantine and interventions that support caregivers, including those that help coordinate care for patients and caregivers, can result in small improvements in the short term. Unfortunately, the average effects of these benefits are quite small and likely not of clinical significance. Any benefits are further limited by the commonly experienced side effects of medications and the limited availability of complex caregiver interventions. Cognitive stimulation and training, exercise interventions, and other medications and supplements showed some favorable effects on patients' cognitive and physical function, but trial evidence lacked consistency and the estimates of benefit were imprecise. There is less evidence related to screening for and treating MCI. The test performance of the few instruments evaluated to detect MCI was lower than the sensitivity and specificity to detect dementia and there is little evidence for any pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic interventions to preserve or improve patient functioning in persons with MCI.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Screening Instruments by : A. J. Larner
Download or read book Cognitive Screening Instruments written by A. J. Larner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and updated second edition provides a practical and structured overview of some of the most commonly used and easily available cognitive screening instruments applicable in the outpatient clinic and bedside setting. It now includes additional chapters on AD8 and also methodological aspects of systematic cognitive screening instrument assessment from the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group. Expert authors from around the world equip the reader with clear instructions on the usage of each screening instrument, its strengths and weaknesses, and the time required for administration. Rules on scoring are also provided, such as how to correct for variations in the patient’s age or education, and suggested cut-off scores. Cognitive Screening Instruments: A Practical Approach, Second Edition is aimed at both clinicians and professionals in disciplines allied to medicine who are called upon to assess patients with possible cognitive disorders, including neurologists, old age psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, primary care physicians, dementia support workers, and members of memory assessment teams.
Book Synopsis Fragility Fracture Nursing by : Karen Hertz
Download or read book Fragility Fracture Nursing written by Karen Hertz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book aims to provide a comprehensive but practical overview of the knowledge required for the assessment and management of the older adult with or at risk of fragility fracture. It considers this from the perspectives of all of the settings in which this group of patients receive nursing care. Globally, a fragility fracture is estimated to occur every 3 seconds. This amounts to 25 000 fractures per day or 9 million per year. The financial costs are reported to be: 32 billion EUR per year in Europe and 20 billon USD in the United States. As the population of China ages, the cost of hip fracture care there is likely to reach 1.25 billion USD by 2020 and 265 billion by 2050 (International Osteoporosis Foundation 2016). Consequently, the need for nursing for patients with fragility fracture across the world is immense. Fragility fracture is one of the foremost challenges for health care providers, and the impact of each one of those expected 9 million hip fractures is significant pain, disability, reduced quality of life, loss of independence and decreased life expectancy. There is a need for coordinated, multi-disciplinary models of care for secondary fracture prevention based on the increasing evidence that such models make a difference. There is also a need to promote and facilitate high quality, evidence-based effective care to those who suffer a fragility fracture with a focus on the best outcomes for recovery, rehabilitation and secondary prevention of further fracture. The care community has to understand better the experience of fragility fracture from the perspective of the patient so that direct improvements in care can be based on the perspectives of the users. This book supports these needs by providing a comprehensive approach to nursing practice in fragility fracture care.
Book Synopsis Standardized Mini-mental State Examination by :
Download or read book Standardized Mini-mental State Examination written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Folstein mini-mental state examination (MMSE) is the most widely used screening test of cognition in older adults. The Standardized mini-mental state examination (SMMSE) provides clear, explicit administration and scoring guidelines.
Book Synopsis Diagnosis of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment by : Andrew J. Larner
Download or read book Diagnosis of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment written by Andrew J. Larner and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this special issue of Diagnostics, expert contributors have produced up-to-date research studies and reviews on various topics related to the diagnosis of dementia and cognitive impairment. The methods of the assessments discussed extend from simple neurological signs, which may be elicited in the clinical encounter, through cognitive screening instruments, to sophisticated analyses of neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of disease. It is hoped that these various methods may facilitate earlier diagnosis of dementia and its subtypes, and provide differential diagnosis of depression and functional cognitive disorders, as a prelude to meaningful interventions.
Book Synopsis Neurology in Clinical Practice by : Walter George Bradley
Download or read book Neurology in Clinical Practice written by Walter George Bradley and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New edition, completely rewritten, with new chapters on endovascular surgery and mitochrondrial and ion channel disorders.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309474108 Total Pages :409 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Future Directions for the Demography of Aging by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Future Directions for the Demography of Aging written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-07-21 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost 25 years have passed since the Demography of Aging (1994) was published by the National Research Council. Future Directions for the Demography of Aging is, in many ways, the successor to that original volume. The Division of Behavioral and Social Research at the National Institute on Aging (NIA) asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to produce an authoritative guide to new directions in demography of aging. The papers published in this report were originally presented and discussed at a public workshop held in Washington, D.C., August 17-18, 2017. The workshop discussion made evident that major new advances had been made in the last two decades, but also that new trends and research directions have emerged that call for innovative conceptual, design, and measurement approaches. The report reviews these recent trends and also discusses future directions for research on a range of topics that are central to current research in the demography of aging. Looking back over the past two decades of demography of aging research shows remarkable advances in our understanding of the health and well-being of the older population. Equally exciting is that this report sets the stage for the next two decades of innovative researchâ€"a period of rapid growth in the older American population.
Book Synopsis Rating Scales in Parkinson's Disease by : Cristina Sampaio
Download or read book Rating Scales in Parkinson's Disease written by Cristina Sampaio and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-28 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, the need to develop valid tools to evaluate signs and symptoms of Parkinson Disease (PD) has been present. However the understanding of all intricacies of rating scales development was not widely available and the first attempts were relatively crude. In 2002, the Movement Disorders Society created a task force to systemize the measurement of Parkinson's Disease. Since then, the Task Force has produced and published several critiques to the available rating scales addressing both motor and non-motor domains of Parkinson Disease. Additionally the task force initiated a project to develop a new version of the UPDRS, the MDS-UPDRS. But none of this was made available in one convenient source. Until now. Rating Scales in Parkinson's Disease is written for researchers from the medical and social sciences, and for health professionals wishing to evaluate the progress of their patients suffering from Parkinson Disease. The book is both exhaustive in the description of the scales and informative on the advantages and limitations of each scale. As such, the text clearly guides readers on how to choose and use the instruments available. Extensive cross-referenced tables and charts closely integrate the parts of the book to facilitate readers in moving from one symptom domain to another.
Book Synopsis Falls and Cognition in Older Persons by : Manuel Montero-Odasso
Download or read book Falls and Cognition in Older Persons written by Manuel Montero-Odasso and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides practical tools for fall prevention in cognitively impaired older adults. The text presents a comprehensive and state-of-the-art update that covers the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and clinical presentation of the event, which affects up to 60 percent of aging patients with cognitive impairment. Written by transdisciplinary experts in experts in geriatric medicine, rehabilitation, neurology, and physiotherapy, the text presents practical, evidence-based guidelines for the assessment, approach, and treatment of these patients and includes illustrations and resources for quick reference. Falls and Cognition in Older Persons is a unique contribution to the literature serving geriatricians, family medicine physicians, emergency medicine physicians, neurologists, rehabilitation and physiotherapy specialists, geriatric nurses, and those interested in public health.
Book Synopsis Clock Drawing in Alzheimer's Disease by :
Download or read book Clock Drawing in Alzheimer's Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Adult Cognition by : Timothy A. Salthouse
Download or read book Adult Cognition written by Timothy A. Salthouse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For some time now, the study of cognitive development has been far and away the most active discipline within developmental psychology. Although there would be much disagreement as to the exact proportion of papers published in developmental journals that could be considered cognitive, 50% seems like a conservative estimate. Hence, a series of scholarly books to be devoted to work in cognitive development is especially appropriate at this time. The Springer Series in Cognitive Development contains two basic types of books, namely, edited collections of original chapters by several authors, and original volumes written by one author or a small group of authors. The flagship for the Springer Series is a serial publication of the "advances" type, carrying the subtitle Progress in Cognitive Development Research. Volumes in the Progress sequence are strongly thematic, in that each is limited to some well-defined domain of cognitive-developmental research (e. g. , logical and mathematical development, semantic development). All Progress volumes are edited collections. Editors of such books, upon consultation with the Series Editor, may elect to have their works published either as contributions to the Progress sequence or as separate volumes. All books written by one author or a small group of authors will be published as separate volumes within the series. A fairly broad definition of cognitive development is being used in the selection of books for this series.
Book Synopsis WAIS-IV, WMS-IV, and ACS by : James A. Holdnack
Download or read book WAIS-IV, WMS-IV, and ACS written by James A. Holdnack and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-06-20 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides users of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) with information on applying the WAIS-IV, including additional indexes and information regarding use in special populations for advanced clinical use and interpretation. The book offers sophisticated users of the WAIS-IV and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-IV) guidelines on how to enhance the clinical applicability of these tests. The first section of the book provides an overview of the WAIS-IV, WMS-IV, and new Advanced Clinical Solutions for Use with the WAIS-IV/WMS-IV (ACS). In this section, examiners will learn: - Normal versus atypical score variability - Low-score prevalence in healthy adults versus clinical populations - Assessing whether poor performance reflects a decline in function or is the result of suboptimal effort New social cognition measures found in the ACS are also presented. The second part focuses on applying the topics in the first section to specific clinical conditions, including recommended protocols for specific clientele (e.g. using demographically adjusted norms when evaluating individuals with brain injury). Common clinical conditions are discussed, including Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, traumatic brain injury, and more. Each chapter provides case examples applying all three test batteries and using report examples as they are obtained from the scoring assistant. Finally, the use of the WAIS-IV/WMS-IV and the ACS in forensic settings is presented. - Coverage of administration and scoring of WAIS-IV, WMS-IV and ACS - Information contained on the use of WAIS-IV with special populations - Case studies in each chapter - Written by the creators of WAIS-IV, WMS-IV and ACS
Book Synopsis Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2019 E-Book by : Fred F. Ferri
Download or read book Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2019 E-Book written by Fred F. Ferri and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-05-26 with total page 7409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updated annually with the latest developments in diagnosis and treatment recommendations, Ferri’s Clinical Advisor uses the popular "5 books in 1" format to organize vast amounts of information in a clinically relevant, user-friendly manner. This efficient, intuitive format provides quick access to answers on more than 900 common medical conditions, including diseases and disorders, differential diagnoses, and laboratory tests – all updated by experts in key clinical fields. Updated algorithms and current clinical practice guidelines help you keep pace with the speed of modern medicine. Contains significant updates throughout, with more than 500 new figures, tables, and boxes added to this new edition. Features 17 all-new topics including opioid overdose, obesity-Hypoventilation syndrome, acute pelvic pain in women, new-onset seizures, and eosinophilic esophagitis, among many others. Provides current ICD-10 insurance billing codes to help expedite insurance reimbursements. Includes cross-references, outlines, bullets, tables, boxes, and algorithms to help you navigate a wealth of clinical information. Offers access to exclusive online content: more than 90 additional topics; new algorithms, images, and tables; EBM boxes; patient teaching guides, color images, and more.
