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Science Technologie Et Innovation
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Book Synopsis Innovation and Its Enemies by : Calestous Juma
Download or read book Innovation and Its Enemies written by Calestous Juma and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New technologies may be heralded as life-changing innovations or feared as risks to moral values, human health, and environmental safety. Anxieties surrounding technology are often heightened by perceptions that their benefits will accrue to small sections of society while the risks are more widely distributed. Innovation and Its Enemies identifies the tension between the need for innovation and the pressure to maintain continuity, social order and stability as one of today's biggest policy challenges. It looks at a number of historical examples, including coffee, electricity, margarine, farm mechanization, recorded music, transgenic crops and transgenic animals, to show how new technologies emerge, take root and create new institutional ecologies that favor their dominance in the marketplace.
Book Synopsis OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2021 Times of Crisis and Opportunity by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2021 Times of Crisis and Opportunity written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In immediate responses to the COVID-19 crisis, science and innovation are playing essential roles in providing a better scientific understanding of the virus, as well as in the development of vaccines, treatments and diagnostics. Both the public and private sectors have poured billions of dollars into these efforts, accompanied by unprecedented levels of global cooperation.
Book Synopsis Systems of Innovation by : Charles Edquist
Download or read book Systems of Innovation written by Charles Edquist and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The systems of innovation approach is considered by many to be a useful analytical approach for better understanding innovation processes as well as the production and distribution of knowledge in the economy. It is an appropriate framework for the empirical study of innovations in their contexts and is relevant for policy makers. This text is the result of the work within an international inter-disciplinary network or "working seminar" with the task of building a more solid and sophisticated conceptual and theoretical foundation for the continued study of innovations in a systemic context. The book has three parts. The first presents an overview and tries to work out some conceptual problems. In the second, the systems of innovation approach is related to innovation theory. Part three is devoted to increasing understanding of the functioning and dynamics of systems of innovation. There is also an introduction where the genesis and anatomy of different systems of innovation approaches are discussed and where the systems of innovation approach is characterized in nine dimensions.
Book Synopsis Films from the Future by : Andrew Maynard
Download or read book Films from the Future written by Andrew Maynard and published by Mango Media Inc.. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Deftly shows how a seemingly frivolous film genre can guide us in shaping tomorrow’s world.” —Seth Shostak, senior astronomer, SETI Institute Artificial intelligence, gene manipulation, cloning, and interplanetary travel are all ideas that seemed like fairy tales but a few years ago. And now their possibilities are very much here. But are we ready to handle these advances? This book, by a physicist and expert on responsible technology development, reveals how science fiction movies can help us think about and prepare for the social consequences of technologies we don’t yet have, but that are coming faster than we imagine. Films from the Future looks at twelve movies that take us on a journey through the worlds of biological and genetic manipulation, human enhancement, cyber technologies, and nanotechnology. Readers will gain a broader understanding of the complex relationship between science and society. The movies mix old and new, and the familiar and unfamiliar, to provide a unique, entertaining, and ultimately transformative take on the power of emerging technologies, and the responsibilities they come with.
Book Synopsis Research Handbook on Innovation Governance for Emerging Economies by : Stefan Kuhlmann
Download or read book Research Handbook on Innovation Governance for Emerging Economies written by Stefan Kuhlmann and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although in recent years some emerging economies have improved their performance in terms of R&D investment, outputs and innovative capacity, these countries are still blighted by extreme poverty, inequality and social exclusion. Hence, emerging countries are exposed to conditions which differ quite substantially from the dominant OECD model of innovation policy for development and welfare. This Research Handbook contributes to the debate by looking at how innovation theory, policy and practice interact, and explains different types of configurations in countries that are characterized by two contrasting but mutually reinforcing features: systemic failure and resourcefulness. Focusing on innovation governance and public policies, it aims to understand related governance failures and to explore options for alternative, more efficient approaches.
Book Synopsis Innovations for our Future by : Kerstin Cuhls
Download or read book Innovations for our Future written by Kerstin Cuhls and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-10-09 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foresight has experienced a great upswing in the last few years, partly in view of the Millenium. Innovations for our Future describes not only the big development trends of the future in research and technology, but also the re-discovery of the Delphi method. The Delphi method is not new, but with further developed methodology it is being used increasingly to take stock of innovative future developments. The book describes results of the widespread national survey of 1998, a German-Japanese comparison, another comparison with the preceding Delphi study as well as its utilization and implementation.
Book Synopsis Science, Technology and Innovation Culture by : Marianne Chouteau
Download or read book Science, Technology and Innovation Culture written by Marianne Chouteau and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-12-18 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are facing unprecedented challenges today. For many of us, innovation would be our last hope. But how can it be done? Is it enough to bet on the scientific culture? How can technical culture contribute to innovation? How is technical culture situated with regards to what we name collectively the culture of innovation? It is these questions that this book intends to address.
Download or read book UNESCO Science Report written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2021-06-18 with total page 757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Des milliards en jeu written by NJ Ayuk and published by Blackstone Publishing. This book was released on 2021-02-12 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Je suis d'accord avec les points soulevés ― et avec l’argument d'Ayuk pour le rôle critique que l'OPEP jouera afin que les produits pétroliers africains se fasse une voix bien méritée dans l'industrie pétrolière." —Secrétaire général de l'OPEP, S.E. Mohammad Sanusi Barkindo Deux décennies de négociation d'accords pétroliers et gaziers africains ont donné à NJ Ayuk une compréhension du paysage énergétique du continent que peu de gens peuvent égaler. L'avocat de l'énergie africain, formé aux États-Unis, fournit des doses généreuses de cette idée dans son deuxième livre, Billions at Play: The Future of Africa Energy and Doing Deals. Servant de feuille de route pour que le continent fasse un meilleur travail en utilisant ses vastes ressources énergétiques pour améliorer la vie de ses populations, Ayuk explique comment les pays africains peuvent utiliser leurs industries énergétiques comme tremplins pour diversifier et développer leur économie globale. De plus, Ayuk montre comment les gouvernements africains et les entreprises locales peuvent négocier de meilleurs accords avec les sociétés énergétiques internationales et comment les pays du continent peuvent utiliser des gisements de pétrole et de gaz marginaux pour développer des industries énergétiques nationales qui, une fois fortes, seront compétitives au niveau mondial. Questions posées et réponses:
Book Synopsis The DARPA Model for Transformative Technologies: Perspectives on the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency by : William Boone Bonvillian
Download or read book The DARPA Model for Transformative Technologies: Perspectives on the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency written by William Boone Bonvillian and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors have done a masterful job of charting the important story of DARPA, one of the key catalysts of technological innovation in US recent history. By plotting the development, achievements and structure of the leading world agency of this kind, this book stimulates new thinking in the field of technological innovation with bearing on how to respond to climate change, pandemics, cyber security and other global problems of our time. The DARPA Model provides a useful guide for governmental agency and policy leaders, and for anybody interested in the role of governments in technological innovation. —Dr. Kent Hughes, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars This volume contains a remarkable collection of extremely insightful articles on the world’s most successful advanced technology agency. Drafted by the leading US experts on DARPA, it provides a variety of perspectives that in turn benefit from being presented together in a comprehensive volume. It reviews DARPA’s unique role in the U.S. innovation system, as well as the challenges DARPA and its clones face today. As the American model is being considered for adoption by a number of countries worldwide, this book makes a welcome and timely contribution to the policy dialogue on the role played by governments in stimulating technological innovation. — Prof. Charles Wessner, Georgetown University The U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has played a remarkable role in the creation new transformative technologies, revolutionizing defense with drones and precision-guided munitions, and transforming civilian life with portable GPS receivers, voice-recognition software, self-driving cars, unmanned aerial vehicles, and, most famously, the ARPANET and its successor, the Internet. Other parts of the U.S. Government and some foreign governments have tried to apply the ‘DARPA model’ to help develop valuable new technologies. But how and why has DARPA succeeded? Which features of its operation and environment contribute to this success? And what lessons does its experience offer for other U.S. agencies and other governments that want to develop and demonstrate their own ‘transformative technologies’? This book is a remarkable collection of leading academic research on DARPA from a wide range of perspectives, combining to chart an important story from the Agency’s founding in the wake of Sputnik, to the current attempts to adapt it to use by other federal agencies. Informative and insightful, this guide is essential reading for political and policy leaders, as well as researchers and students interested in understanding the success of this agency and the lessons it offers to others.
Book Synopsis Science et technique des carbones : de l’énergie aux matériaux by : DELHAES Pierre
Download or read book Science et technique des carbones : de l’énergie aux matériaux written by DELHAES Pierre and published by Lavoisier. This book was released on 2012-11-21 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L’atome de carbone a un rôle clé. Il peut former plusieurs types de liaisons chimiques mais également s’auto-associer pour donner un squelette carboné, caractéristiques qui sont à la base de la chimie organique, de la biochimie et de la vie. Science et technique des carbones présente la progression des connaissances dans les solides carbonés à partir des découvertes et inventions successives depuis la préhistoire. Le rôle essentiel joué par l’exploitation des mines de charbon au moment de la première révolution industrielle comme source d’énergie primaire est un point crucial. L’importance du carbone s’est accrue par le développement de la carbochimie pour créer des matériaux artificiels. Leurs utilisations comme matériaux traditionnels de transformation en sidérurgie et comme céramiques particulières, puis technologiques (charbons actifs, fibres de carbone…), sont successivement décrites. La découverte récente des carbones moléculaires, fleurons de la nanotechnologie, met en exergue l’avènement de la technoscience. Finalement, leur impact économique et sociétal est analysé en exposant l’existence de grandes transitions énergétiques associées aux cycles macro-économiques.
Book Synopsis Building Science, Technology and Innovation Systems in Africa by : Abdelkader DJEFL
Download or read book Building Science, Technology and Innovation Systems in Africa written by Abdelkader DJEFL and published by Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. This book was released on 2010-06-30 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book discusses the policies and strategies for Science and Technology (S&T) and Innovation capability building put up by Maghreb states (Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco) in the last three decades. The application of structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) in recent years, the opening up of their economies and liberalisation of trade have confronted firms with largely innovation-based competition and the attempt to reduce this impact are far from effective, particularly in the face of the era of knowledge economy and sustainability requirements. The work is articulated around three major themes: the difficult path to S&T capacity building, the attempts to put up National Systems of Innovation (NSI) and the prospects for a more innovation driven growth at the territorial level, notably through intermediate institutions and science and technology poles. While pointing out the difficulties of building NSI, the book examines how the context of an innovation- driven competition put local firms, especially SMEs, in a difficult position. It notes that universities, which are prone to internal politics and rent-seeking, are not producing the necessary human capital. The knowledge economy era challenges raise some hopes for better access to innovation and knowledge assets in the world while at the territorial level, new innovation dynamics are taking place. Based on extensive research and consultancy work done on the analysis of policies in the Maghreb, the book also raises the issue of the neighborhood of the European Union, and argues that unless Europe integrates the Maghreb in a real neighborhood Innovation System, the prospects for innovation take -off in the region are limited.
Book Synopsis Science and Technology Governance and Ethics by : Miltos Ladikas
Download or read book Science and Technology Governance and Ethics written by Miltos Ladikas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the possibilities for effective global governance of science in Europe, India and China. Authors from the three regions join forces to explore how ethical concerns over new technologies can be incorporated into global science and technology policies. The first chapter introduces the topic, offering a global perspective on embedding ethics in science and technology policy. Chapter Two compares the institutionalization of ethical debates in science, technology and innovation policy in three important regions: Europe, India and China. The third chapter explores public perceptions of science and technology in these same three regions. Chapter Four discusses public engagement in the governance of science and technology, and Chapter Five reviews science and technology governance and European values. The sixth chapter describes and analyzes values demonstrated in the constitution of the People’s Republic of China. Chapter Seven describes emerging evidence from India on the uses of science and technology for socio-economic development, and the quest for inclusive growth. In Chapter Eight, the authors propose a comparative framework for studying global ethics in science and technology. The following three chapters offer case studies and analysis of three emerging industries in India, China and Europe: new food technologies, nanotechnology and synthetic biology. Chapter 12 gathers all these threads for a comprehensive discussion on incorporating ethics into science and technology policy. The analysis is undertaken against the backdrop of different value systems and varying levels of public perception of risks and benefits. The book introduces a common analytical framework for the comparative discussion of ethics at the international level. The authors offer policy recommendations for effective collaboration among the three regions, to promote responsible governance in science and technology and a common analytical perspective in ethics.
Book Synopsis Integrating Science & Technology into Development Policies An International Perspective by : OECD
Download or read book Integrating Science & Technology into Development Policies An International Perspective written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2007-05-23 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides the proceedings of an international workshop, held in South Africa, intended to address how international co-operation in science and technology can further the three inter-related aspects (economic, social and environmental) of the development process.
Book Synopsis Innovation in Information Systems and Technologies to Support Learning Research by : Mohammed Serrhini
Download or read book Innovation in Information Systems and Technologies to Support Learning Research written by Mohammed Serrhini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-30 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides glimpses into contemporary research in information systems & technology, learning, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and security and how it applies to the real world, but the ideas presented also span the domains of telehealth, computer vision, the role and use of mobile devices, brain–computer interfaces, virtual reality, language and image processing and big data analytics and applications. Great research arises from asking pertinent research questions. This book reveals some of the authors’ “beautiful questions” and how they develop the subsequent “what if” and “how” questions, offering readers food for thought and whetting their appetite for further research by the same authors.
Book Synopsis Technology Business Incubation by : Rustam Lalkaka
Download or read book Technology Business Incubation written by Rustam Lalkaka and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many businesses around the world use technology as a means to set-up, run and improve their commercial performance but not all countries have sufficient access to technology. In fact the ’digital divide' between rich and poor countries is one of the major international challenges facing our society. Technology Business Incubation describes a concept whereby technological support and services are offered to start-up companies in the fields of engineering, science and technology to help them further their own research and develop viable businesses. Aimed at developed and developing countries this concept could provide a solution in bridging the knowledge gap. Written by Rustam Lalkaka, a well-known expert in the field, the toolkit provides invaluable information for carrying out feasibility studies; preparing business plans; choosing a location; finding sponsors; selecting managers and tenants; and monitoring a technology business incubator. Annexes contain checklists and report pro formas to help prepare relevant documents based on local needs
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Science-Based Innovation by : Hariolf Grupp
Download or read book Dynamics of Science-Based Innovation written by Hariolf Grupp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume intends to give an insight into progress in the field of studies on modern science and technology. Researchers from Sweden, Japan and Germany began a "three country comparative study" in 1984. One of the primary aims of this study group was to better take account of the increasing importance of Japan in both analytical work and technology policy. To this end, researchers from the Research Policy Institute (RPI) at the University of Lund, the Graduate School of Policy Science at Saitama University in Urawa, and the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research in Karlsruhe met almost every year with policy makers from the three countries, in order to see how well the scientific debate is reflected in the interests of practitioneers in the related policies. The cooperation with the Swedish Board for Technical Development (STU)!, the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (Monbusho), and the German Federal Ministry for Research and Technology (BMFT) brought about numerous "grey" papers, publications and two volumes of seminar proceedings. The first book2 deals with the problems of measuring technological change and summarizes tentative research plans from our first meetings. I concluded then, in November 1986, that "quantitative results are to be checked in a qualitative discursive process with the involved people. ( . . . ) The interaction of various indicators raises the pressure of argument and credibility. Case studies in dynamic fields of technology ideally supplement quantitative approaches.
