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Science In Traditional China
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Book Synopsis Science in Traditional China by : Joseph Needham
Download or read book Science in Traditional China written by Joseph Needham and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1981 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's preeminent authority on Chinese science explores the philosophy, social structure, arts, crafts, and even military strategies that form our understanding of Chinese science, making instructive comparisons along the way to similar elements of Indian, Hellenistic, and Arabic cultures. A major portion of the book concentrates on Taoist alchemy that led not only to the invention of gunpowder and firearms, but also, through the search for macrobiotic life-elixirs, to the rise of modern medical chemistry.
Book Synopsis The Shorter Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 5 by : Joseph Needham
Download or read book The Shorter Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 5 written by Joseph Needham and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1978 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fifth volume abridgement of Joseph Needham's monumental work is concerned with the staggering civil engineering feats made in early and medieval China.
Book Synopsis Science in Traditional China by : Joseph Needham
Download or read book Science in Traditional China written by Joseph Needham and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chinese Science; Explorations of an Ancient Tradition by : Shigeru Nakayama
Download or read book Chinese Science; Explorations of an Ancient Tradition written by Shigeru Nakayama and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1973 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some readers will be drawn to this survey of traditional Chinese science by the idea that humanity has evolved more than one tradition of natural science that deserves to be taken seriously as a study in itself. Others will wish to explore the possibility that by reconstructing and imaginatively adopting the viewpoint of so different a culture, they might become more critical in judging what aspects of the West's Scientific Revolution grew out of local pressures and prejudices rather than out of the inner necessities of science itself.The volume falls naturally into two complementary parts. The first provides the reader with perspectives on the work of Joseph Needham, whose monumental, multi-volume "Science and Civilisation in China" is so largely responsible for the growing awareness on the part of inquiring people everywhere that the Chinese technical traditions reached a high level, and that the birth of modern science and technology owes a great deal to them. Needham's work has often been cited as the greatest one-man historical compilation of the twentieth century.Needham himself has contributed an opening "Meditation" to "Chinese Science, " in which he recapitulates the motive forces and ideals behind his life's work--of which the historical study of Chinese science is only one aspect. Derek J. de Solla Price then provides biographical material on Needham and gives an account of the genesis and evolution of his "magnum opus." Needham's central concern with the effect of social and economic factors on the rate of scientific and technological change is examined by A. C. Graham. Shigeru Nakayama demonstrates through a study of all of Needham's publications the presence of a connected philosophy of history and of science that Needham evolved as a young biochemist concerned with the organization and development of life.The more numerous essays in the second part of the book extend Needham's work of mapping out the areas of Chinese science, venturing into provinces hitherto "terra incognita." The contributors cover the Chinese world view, astronomy, optics, pharmacology, and medicine.In particular, they discuss the Chinese concept of nature (in an essay written by Mitukuni Yosida); the development, and limiting factors on the development, of Chinese astronomy (Kiyosi Yabuuti); the Mohist optics of ca. 300 B.C. (A. C. Graham and N. Sivin); the use of elixir plants, as described in the pharmaceutical manual of the adept Lu Ch'un-yang (Ho Peng Yoke, Beda Lim, and Francis Morsingh); "Man as a Medicine," the traditional therapy using drugs derived from the human body (William C. Cooper and N. Sivin); and the early history of anesthesia in China and Japan (Saburo Miyasita). The book closes with a critical bibliography citing books and articles in Western languages (N. Sivin).The book is the second in The MIT East Asian Science Series.
Book Synopsis Science in Ancient China by : George Beshore
Download or read book Science in Ancient China written by George Beshore and published by Franklin Watts. This book was released on 1998 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys the achievements of the ancient Chinese in science, medicine, astronomy, and cosmology, and describes such innovations as rockets, wells, the compass, water wheels, and movable type.
Book Synopsis On Their Own Terms by : Benjamin A. Elman
Download or read book On Their Own Terms written by Benjamin A. Elman and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In On Their Own Terms, Benjamin A. Elman offers a much-needed synthesis of early Chinese science during the Jesuit period (1600-1800) and the modern sciences as they evolved in China under Protestant influence (1840s-1900). By 1600 Europe was ahead of Asia in producing basic machines, such as clocks, levers, and pulleys, that would be necessary for the mechanization of agriculture and industry. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Elman shows, Europeans still sought from the Chinese their secrets of producing silk, fine textiles, and porcelain, as well as large-scale tea cultivation. Chinese literati borrowed in turn new algebraic notations of Hindu-Arabic origin, Tychonic cosmology, Euclidian geometry, and various computational advances. Since the middle of the nineteenth century, imperial reformers, early Republicans, Guomindang party cadres, and Chinese Communists have all prioritized science and technology. In this book, Elman gives a nuanced account of the ways in which native Chinese science evolved over four centuries, under the influence of both Jesuit and Protestant missionaries. In the end, he argues, the Chinese produced modern science on their own terms.
Book Synopsis Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 7, The Social Background, Part 1, Language and Logic in Traditional China by : Joseph Needham
Download or read book Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 7, The Social Background, Part 1, Language and Logic in Traditional China written by Joseph Needham and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-02-19 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 7 Part 1 is the first book in the final volume of this unique resource. The Chinese culture is the only culture in the world that has developed systematic logical definitions and reflections on its own and on the basis of a non-Indo-European language. Christoph Harbsmeier discusses the basic features of the classical Chinese language that made it a suitable medium for science in ancient China, discussing in detail a wide range of abstract concepts that are crucial for the development of scientific discourse. There is special emphasis on the conceptual history of logical terminology in ancient China, and on traditional Chinese views on their own language. Finally the book provides an overview of the development of logical reflection in ancient China, first in terms of the forms of arguments that were deployed in ancient Chinese texts, and then in terms of ancient Chinese theoretical concerns with logical matters.
Book Synopsis Joseph Needham's Contribution to the History of Science and Technology in China by : Gregory Blue
Download or read book Joseph Needham's Contribution to the History of Science and Technology in China written by Gregory Blue and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Images of Science Through Cultural Lenses: A Chinese Study on the Nature of Science by : Hongming Ma
Download or read book The Images of Science Through Cultural Lenses: A Chinese Study on the Nature of Science written by Hongming Ma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-15 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are the images of science held by learners the same across cultures? What are the implications for science education? This book explores the nature of science from a cultural perspective. Located in the Chinese cultural context, the book examines the nexus between characteristics of Chinese thinking and the understanding of the nature of science in Chinese traditional culture. The dramatic cultural change as a result of the introduction of Western culture was accompanied by the dramatic reconstruction of the image of science. The Chinese science education echoes the understanding of the nature of science in each cultural historical period. Reflecting the tension and dilemmas of understanding the nature of science at the policy making level, the images of science held by Chinese science teachers represent a mixture of influences by values and beliefs that are embedded in the imported science and by Chinese native cultural beliefs. The book concludes with suggestions of change of practice in science education for a more realistic image of science not only within the field of education but also in society at large.
Book Synopsis Traditional Medicine in Modern China by : Ralph C. Croizier
Download or read book Traditional Medicine in Modern China written by Ralph C. Croizier and published by . This book was released on 2013-10 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ordering the Myriad Things by : Nicholas Menzies
Download or read book Ordering the Myriad Things written by Nicholas Menzies and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2021-09-29 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China’s vast and ancient body of documented knowledge about plants includes horticultural manuals and monographs, comprehensive encyclopedias, geographies, and specialized anthologies of verse and prose written by keen observers of nature. Until the late nineteenth century, however, standard practice did not include deploying a set of diagnostic tools using a common terminology and methodology to identify and describe new and unknown species or properties. Ordering the Myriad Things relates how traditional knowledge of plants in China gave way to scientific botany between the mid-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, when plants came to be understood in a hierarchy of taxonomic relationships to other plants and within a broader ecological context. This shift not only expanded the universe of plants beyond the familiar to encompass unknown species and geographies but fueled a new knowledge of China itself. Nicholas K. Menzies highlights the importance of botanical illustration as a tool for recording nature—contrasting how images of plants were used in the past to the conventions of scientific drawing and investigating the transition of “traditional” systems of organization, classification, observation, and description to “modern” ones.
Book Synopsis The Question Concerning Technology in China by : Yuk Hui
Download or read book The Question Concerning Technology in China written by Yuk Hui and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-09-02 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic historical survey of Chinese thought is followed by an investigation of the historical-metaphysical questions of modern technology, asking how Chinese thought might contribute to a renewed questioning of globalized technics. Heidegger's critique of modern technology and its relation to metaphysics has been widely accepted in the East. Yet the conception that there is only one—originally Greek—type of technics has been an obstacle to any original critical thinking of technology in modern Chinese thought. Yuk Hui argues for the urgency of imagining a specifically Chinese philosophy of technology capable of responding to Heidegger's challenge, while problematizing the affirmation of technics and technologies as anthropologically universal. This investigation of the historical-metaphysical question of technology, drawing on Lyotard, Simondon, and Stiegler, and introducing a history of modern Eastern philosophical thinking largely unknown to Western readers, including philosophers such as Feng Youlan, Mou Zongsan, and Keiji Nishitani, sheds new light on the obscurity of the question of technology in China. Why was technics never thematized in Chinese thought? Why has time never been a real question for Chinese philosophy? How was the traditional concept of Qi transformed in its relation to Dao as China welcomed technological modernity and westernization? In The Question Concerning Technology in China, a systematic historical survey of the major concepts of traditional Chinese thinking is followed by a startlingly original investigation of these questions, in order to ask how Chinese thought might today contribute to a renewed, cosmotechnical questioning of globalized technics.
Book Synopsis A Cultural History of Modern Science in China by : Benjamin A. Elman
Download or read book A Cultural History of Modern Science in China written by Benjamin A. Elman and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians of science and Sinologists have long needed a unified narrative to describe the Chinese development of modern science, medicine, and technology since 1600. They welcomed the appearance in 2005 of Benjamin Elman's masterwork, On Their Own Terms. Now Elman has retold the story of the Jesuit impact on late imperial China, circa 1600-1800, and the Protestant era in early modern China from the 1840s to 1900 in a concise and accessible form ideal for the classroom. This coherent account of the emergence of modern science in China places that emergence in historical context for both general students of modern science and specialists of China.
Book Synopsis Science in China, 1600–1900 by : Yi Kai Ho
Download or read book Science in China, 1600–1900 written by Yi Kai Ho and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-05-07 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distinguished historian Benjamin A Elman's collective volume on the history of science in imperial China, brings together over 30 years of historical literature on the subject. With updates to the literature and new material including transcripts of podcasts and translated interview articles, Science in China takes the reader on a journey starting in the early 17th century with the missionary efforts of the Jesuits in China, and ending with the Protestant missions in the 19th century. These two milestone encounters brought Western sciences to local Chinese scholars with great success in shaping modern Chinese science. Elman studies the interaction between Western and Chinese sciences through philological research and evidence, and treats the two encounters not as separate events but as a continuum of creative exchange of scientific knowledge and discourse. Contents:Introduction — From Value to Fact: The Emergence of Phonology as a Precise Discipline in Late Imperial China Native Traditions of Natural Studies during the Ming–Qing Transition, 1600–1800Some Comparative Issues — Ming–Qing Border Defense and Jesuit Learning in Late Imperial ChinaThe Jesuit Role as "Technical Experts" in "High Qing" Western Learning and Evidential Research in the 18th Century The China Prize Essay Contest and the Late Qing Promotion of Modern ScienceThe Great Reversal: The "Rise of Japan" and the "Fall of China" after 1895Rethinking the 20th-Century Denigration of Traditional Chinese Science and Medicine in the 21st Century Readership: Undergraduates and researchers in history of science, Chinese history, history of Chinese science, philology, and history of East Asia and East Asian science. Key Features:Comprehensive volume on all writings of renown East Asian historian Benjamin A Elman on the history of science in imperial ChinaNew material and previously published works updated with contemporary research findingsKeywords:History of Science;Chinese History;Science in China;1600–1900;History;China
Book Synopsis The Great Inertia by : Wen-yuan Qian
Download or read book The Great Inertia written by Wen-yuan Qian and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1985-01-01 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A History of Chinese Science and Technology by : Yongxiang Lu
Download or read book A History of Chinese Science and Technology written by Yongxiang Lu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-14 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A History of Chinese Science and Technology (Volumes 1, 2 & 3) presents 44 individual lectures, beginning with Ancient Chinese Science and Technology in the Process of Human Civilizations and an Overview of Chinese Science and Technology, and continuing with in-depth discussions of several issues in the History of Science and the Needham Puzzle, interspersed with topics on Astronomy, Arithmetic, Agriculture and Medicine, The Four Great Inventions, and various technological areas closely related to clothing, food, shelter and transportation. This book is the most authoritative work on the history of Chinese Science and Technology. It is the Winner of the China Book Award, the Shanghai Book Award (1st prize), and the Classical China International Publishing Project (GAPP, General Administration of Press and Publication of China) and offers an essential resource for academic researchers and non-experts alike. It originated with a series of 44 lectures presented to top Chinese leaders, which received very positive feedback. Written by top Chinese scholars in their respective fields from the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and many other respected Chinese organizations, the book is intended for scientists, researchers and postgraduate students working in the history of science, philosophy of science and technology, and related disciplines. Yongxiang Lu is a professor, former president and member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), and Vice Chairman of the National Congress of China.
Book Synopsis Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 5, Fermentations and Food Science by : H. T. Huang
Download or read book Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 5, Fermentations and Food Science written by H. T. Huang and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-11-30 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today Chinese cuisine is enjoyed in many parts of the world, yet little is known in the West about the technologies involved in making its characteristic ingredients. H. T. Huang's book is the first history of Chinese food technology in a Western language. It describes the conversion of agricultural commodities into food and drink, and explores the origins, development and scientific basis of traditional Chinese technology as applied to the processing of four food categories: the fermentation of alcoholic drinks from grains; the conversion of soybeans into soyfoods and condiments; the preservation of foods and the production of vegetable oils, malt sugar, starch, etc; and, lastly, the processing and utilization of tea. Where possible the Chinese experience is compared with equivalent systems in the West and elsewhere. The book ends with reflections on how nature, technology and human intervention have shaped the discovery and innovation of processed foods in traditional China.
