Science And Technology In The Global Cold War

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Competing with the Soviets

Author : Audra J. Wolfe
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421409011
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Competing with the Soviets by : Audra J. Wolfe

Download or read book Competing with the Soviets written by Audra J. Wolfe and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A synthetic account of how science became a central weapon in the ideological Cold War. Honorable Mention for the Forum for the History of Science in America Book Prize of the Forum for the History of Science in America For most of the second half of the twentieth century, the United States and its allies competed with a hostile Soviet Union in almost every way imaginable except open military engagement. The Cold War placed two opposite conceptions of the good society before the uncommitted world and history itself, and science figured prominently in the picture. Competing with the Soviets offers a short, accessible introduction to the special role that science and technology played in maintaining state power during the Cold War, from the atomic bomb to the Human Genome Project. The high-tech machinery of nuclear physics and the space race are at the center of this story, but Audra J. Wolfe also examines the surrogate battlefield of scientific achievement in such diverse fields as urban planning, biology, and economics; explains how defense-driven federal investments created vast laboratories and research programs; and shows how unfamiliar worries about national security and corrosive questions of loyalty crept into the supposedly objective scholarly enterprise. Based on the assumption that scientists are participants in the culture in which they live, Competing with the Soviets looks beyond the debate about whether military influence distorted science in the Cold War. Scientists’ choices and opportunities have always been shaped by the ideological assumptions, political mandates, and social mores of their times. The idea that American science ever operated in a free zone outside of politics is, Wolfe argues, itself a legacy of the ideological Cold War that held up American science, and scientists, as beacons of freedom in contrast to their peers in the Soviet Union. Arranged chronologically and thematically, the book highlights how ideas about the appropriate relationships among science, scientists, and the state changed over time.

Exploring Greenland

Author : Ronald E. Doel
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137596880
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring Greenland by : Ronald E. Doel

Download or read book Exploring Greenland written by Ronald E. Doel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-06 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using newly declassified documents, this book explores why U.S. military leaders after World War II sought to monitor the far north and understand the physical environment of Greenland, a crucial territory of Denmark. It reveals a fascinating yet little-known realm of Cold War intrigue and a delicate diplomatic duet between a smaller state and a superpower amid a time of intense global pressures. Written by scholars in Denmark and the United States, this book explores many compelling topics. What led to the creation of the U.S. Thule Air Base in Greenland, one of the world’s largest, and why did the U.S. build a nuclear-powered city under Greenland’s ice cap? How did Danish concern about sovereignty shape scientific research programs in Greenland? Also explored here: why did Denmark’s most famous scientist, Inge Lehmann, became involved in research in Greenland, and what international reverberations resulted from the crash of a U.S. B-52 bomber carrying four nuclear weapons near Thule in January 1968?

Entangled Geographies

Author : Gabrielle Hecht
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262294753
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Entangled Geographies by : Gabrielle Hecht

Download or read book Entangled Geographies written by Gabrielle Hecht and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-04-04 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigations into how technologies became peculiar forms of politics in an expanded geography of the Cold War. The Cold War was not simply a duel of superpowers. It took place not just in Washington and Moscow but also in the social and political arenas of geographically far-flung countries emerging from colonial rule. Moreover, Cold War tensions were manifest not only in global political disputes but also in struggles over technology. Technological systems and expertise offered a powerful way to shape countries politically, economically, socially, and culturally. Entangled Geographies explores how Cold War politics, imperialism, and postcolonial nation building became entangled in technologies and considers the legacies of those entanglements for today's globalized world. The essays address such topics as the islands and atolls taken over for military and technological purposes by the supposedly non-imperial United States, apartheid-era South Africa's efforts to achieve international legitimacy as a nuclear nation, international technical assistance and Cold War politics, the Saudi irrigation system that spurred a Shi'i rebellion, and the momentary technopolitics of emergency as practiced by Medecins sans Frontières. The contributors to Entangled Geographies offer insights from the anthropology and history of development, from diplomatic history, and from science and technology studies. The book represents a unique synthesis of these three disciplines, providing new perspectives on the global Cold War.

Cold War Social Science

Author : Mark Solovey
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030702464
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Cold War Social Science by : Mark Solovey

Download or read book Cold War Social Science written by Mark Solovey and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-13 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how the social sciences became entangled with the global Cold War. While duly recognizing the realities of nation states, national power, and national aspirations, the studies gathered here open up new lines of transnational investigation. Considering developments in a wide array of fields – anthropology, development studies, economics, education, political science, psychology, science studies, and sociology – that involved the movement of people, projects, funding, and ideas across diverse national contexts, this volume pushes scholars to rethink certain fundamental points about how we should understand – and thus how we should study – Cold War social science itself.

The Closed World

Author : Paul N. Edwards
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262550284
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis The Closed World by : Paul N. Edwards

Download or read book The Closed World written by Paul N. Edwards and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Closed World offers a radically new alternative to the canonical histories of computers and cognitive science. Arguing that we can make sense of computers as tools only when we simultaneously grasp their roles as metaphors and political icons, Paul Edwards shows how Cold War social and cultural contexts shaped emerging computer technology--and were transformed, in turn, by information machines. The Closed World explores three apparently disparate histories--the history of American global power, the history of computing machines, and the history of subjectivity in science and culture--through the lens of the American political imagination. In the process, it reveals intimate links between the military projects of the Cold War, the evolution of digital computers, and the origins of cybernetics, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence. Edwards begins by describing the emergence of a "closed-world discourse" of global surveillance and control through high-technology military power. The Cold War political goal of "containment" led to the SAGE continental air defense system, Rand Corporation studies of nuclear strategy, and the advanced technologies of the Vietnam War. These and other centralized, computerized military command and control projects--for containing world-scale conflicts--helped closed-world discourse dominate Cold War political decisions. Their apotheosis was the Reagan-era plan for a " Star Wars" space-based ballistic missile defense. Edwards then shows how these military projects helped computers become axial metaphors in psychological theory. Analyzing the Macy Conferences on cybernetics, the Harvard Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory, and the early history of artificial intelligence, he describes the formation of a "cyborg discourse." By constructing both human minds and artificial intelligences as information machines, cyborg discourse assisted in integrating people into the hyper-complex technological systems of the closed world. Finally, Edwards explores the cyborg as political identity in science fiction--from the disembodied, panoptic AI of 2001: A Space Odyssey, to the mechanical robots of Star Wars and the engineered biological androids of Blade Runner--where Information Age culture and subjectivity were both reflected and constructed. Inside Technology series

World's Fairs in the Cold War

Author : Arthur P. Molella
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 9780822945789
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (457 download)

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Book Synopsis World's Fairs in the Cold War by : Arthur P. Molella

Download or read book World's Fairs in the Cold War written by Arthur P. Molella and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The post–World War II science-based technological revolution inevitably found its way into almost all international expositions with displays on atomic energy, space exploration, transportation, communications, and computers. Major advancements in Cold War science and technology helped to shape new visions of utopian futures, the stock-in-trade of world’s fairs. From the 1940s to the 1980s, expositions in the United States and around the world, from Brussels to Osaka to Brisbane, mirrored Cold War culture in a variety of ways, and also played an active role in shaping it. This volume illustrates the cultural change and strain spurred by the Cold War, a disruptive period of scientific and technological progress that ignited growing concern over the impact of such progress on the environment and humanistic and spiritual values. Through the lens of world’s fairs, contributors across disciplines offer an integrated exploration of the US–USSR rivalry from a global perspective and in the context of broader social and cultural phenomena—faith and religion, gender and family relations, urbanization and urban planning, fashion, modernization, and national identity—all of which were fundamentally reshaped by tensions and anxieties of the Atomic Age.

Itineraries of Expertise

Author : Andra B. Chastain
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822987325
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Itineraries of Expertise by : Andra B. Chastain

Download or read book Itineraries of Expertise written by Andra B. Chastain and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Itineraries of Expertise contends that experts and expertise played fundamental roles in the Latin American Cold War. While traditional Cold War histories of the region have examined diplomatic, intelligence, and military operations and more recent studies have probed the cultural dimensions of the conflict, the experts who constitute the focus of this volume escaped these categories. Although they often portrayed themselves as removed from politics, their work contributed to the key geopolitical agendas of the day. The paths traveled by the experts in this volume not only traversed Latin America and connected Latin America to the Global North, they also stretch traditional chronologies of the Latin American Cold War to show how local experts in the early twentieth century laid the foundation for post–World War II development projects, and how Cold War knowledge of science, technology, and the environment continues to impact our world today. These essays unite environmental history and the history of science and technology to argue for the importance of expertise in the Latin American Cold War.

China's Cold War Science Diplomacy

Author : Gordon Barrett
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108956254
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis China's Cold War Science Diplomacy by : Gordon Barrett

Download or read book China's Cold War Science Diplomacy written by Gordon Barrett and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-25 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the early decades of the Cold War, the People's Republic of China remained outside much of mainstream international science. Nevertheless, Chinese scientists found alternative channels through which to communicate and interact with counterparts across the world, beyond simple East/West divides. By examining the international activities of elite Chinese scientists, Gordon Barrett demonstrates that these activities were deeply embedded in the Chinese Communist Party's wider efforts to win hearts and minds from the 1940s to the 1970s. Using a wide range of archival material, including declassified documents from China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archive, Barrett provides fresh insights into the relationship between science and foreign relations in the People's Republic of China.

Oceanographers and the Cold War

Author : Jacob Darwin Hamblin
Publisher : University of Washington Press
ISBN 13 : 0295801859
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (958 download)

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Book Synopsis Oceanographers and the Cold War by : Jacob Darwin Hamblin

Download or read book Oceanographers and the Cold War written by Jacob Darwin Hamblin and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceanographers and the Cold War is about patronage, politics, and the community of scientists. It is the first book to examine the study of the oceans during the Cold War era and explore the international focus of American oceanographers, taking into account the roles of the U.S. Navy, United States foreign policy, and scientists throughout the world. Jacob Hamblin demonstrates that to understand the history of American oceanography, one must consider its role in both conflict and cooperation with other nations. Paradoxically, American oceanography after World War II was enmeshed in the military-industrial complex while characterized by close international cooperation. The military dimension of marine science--with its involvement in submarine acoustics, fleet operations, and sea-launched nuclear missiles--coexisted with data exchange programs with the Soviet Union and global operations in seas without borders. From an uneasy cooperation with the Soviet bloc in the International Geophysical Year of 1957-58, to the NATO Science Committee in the late 1960s, which excluded the Soviet Union, to the U.S. Marine Sciences Council, which served as an important national link between scientists and the government, Oceanographers and the Cold War reveals the military and foreign policy goals served by U.S. government involvement in cooperative activities between scientists, such as joint cruises and expeditions. It demonstrates as well the extent to which oceanographers used international cooperation as a vehicle to pursue patronage from military, government, and commercial sponsors during the Cold War, as they sought support for their work by creating "disciples of marine science" wherever they could.

Science and Technology in the Global Cold War

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Technology in the Global Cold War by :

Download or read book Science and Technology in the Global Cold War written by and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Scientists in the Classroom

Author : J. Rudolph
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230107362
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientists in the Classroom by : J. Rudolph

Download or read book Scientists in the Classroom written by J. Rudolph and published by Springer. This book was released on 2002-05-02 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1950s, leading American scientists embarked on an unprecedented project to remake high school science education. Dissatisfaction with the 'soft' school curriculum of the time advocated by the professional education establishment, and concern over the growing technological sophistication of the Soviet Union, led government officials to encourage a handful of elite research scientists, fresh from their World War II successes, to revitalize the nations' science curricula. In Scientists in the Classroom , John L. Rudolph argues that the Cold War environment, long neglected in the history of education literature, is crucial to understanding both the reasons for the public acceptance of scientific authority in the field of education and the nature of the curriculum materials that were eventually produced. Drawing on a wealth of previously untapped resources from government and university archives, Rudolph focuses on the National Science Foundation-supported curriculum projects initiated in 1956. What the historical record reveals, according to Rudolph, is that these materials were designed not just to improve American science education, but to advance the professional interest of the American scientific community in the postwar period as well.

Cold War: Global Impact and Lessons Learned

Author : Allison L. Palmadessa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781536156676
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (566 download)

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Book Synopsis Cold War: Global Impact and Lessons Learned by : Allison L. Palmadessa

Download or read book Cold War: Global Impact and Lessons Learned written by Allison L. Palmadessa and published by . This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary text takes into account the impact of the Cold War on various locales, groups, societies, organizations, and technology. Included in this work are chapters on education, political groups, cultural challenges and rivalries, nuclear technology and weaponry, the impact of nuclear exposure, and the new global order in a postnuclear age. Edited by an historian, each chapter is written from multiple disciplinary perspectives political science, history, social science, science, and medicine making this work exceptionally unique with broad sweeping conceptual frameworks, methods, and points of analysis, all the while focused upon a four decade era of fear. The work of Stivachtis and Manning offer an engaging look into the organization of the international community, world affairs, and intercultural challenges during the Cold War to understand the impact on global society through the lens of the English School of International Relations. Cimbalas chapter delves into the challenges to controlling and understanding nuclear warfare throughout the Cold War and how the knowledge of control or preventing catastrophic nuclear war in the historic period is significantly different from the current nuclear age, from the perspectives of what nations have weapons, of what magnitude, and the potential for warfare. The impact of nuclear exposure well after the Cold War is examined in Osonos work, which analyzes the physiological and neurological impact of nuclear waste on workers in China who unknowingly unearthed barrels of nuclear waste. Nekola offers readers a view into the role of the exiled Czech political parties that operated in outside of the regulations of the Iron Curtain, after the 1948 Communist Coup, maintaining party publications and organization throughout the 1950s. The work of BarNoi analyzes the relationship between the Israeli and Soviet governments as the nation of Israel was founded and ultimately placed in the political crosshairs of world leaders from 1945 to 1967. Palmadessas works on U.S. education k12 compulsory and higher education considers the ways in which education responded to the call for patriotic support of the U.S. in opposition to the communist regime in Russia and the understanding of the global role education was to play. The Cold War shook the world, its institutions, cultural groups, and scientific communities to their core. The Cold War: Global Impacts and Lessons Learned offers readers insight into the immediate challenges, the continued obstacles, and the knowledge gained from this tumultuous period riddled with fear that dominates the narrative of 20th century world history.

Science and Technology in the Global Cold War

Author : Naomi Oreskes
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262526530
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Technology in the Global Cold War by : Naomi Oreskes

Download or read book Science and Technology in the Global Cold War written by Naomi Oreskes and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-10-31 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigations of how the global Cold War shaped national scientific and technological practices in fields from biomedicine to rocket science. The Cold War period saw a dramatic expansion of state-funded science and technology research. Government and military patronage shaped Cold War technoscientific practices, imposing methods that were project oriented, team based, and subject to national-security restrictions. These changes affected not just the arms race and the space race but also research in agriculture, biomedicine, computer science, ecology, meteorology, and other fields. This volume examines science and technology in the context of the Cold War, considering whether the new institutions and institutional arrangements that emerged globally constrained technoscientific inquiry or offered greater opportunities for it. The contributors find that whatever the particular science, and whatever the political system in which that science was operating, the knowledge that was produced bore some relation to the goals of the nation-state. These goals varied from nation to nation; weapons research was emphasized in the United States and the Soviet Union, for example, but in France and China scientific independence and self-reliance dominated. The contributors also consider to what extent the changes to science and technology practices in this era were produced by the specific politics, anxieties, and aspirations of the Cold War. Contributors Elena Aronova, Erik M. Conway, Angela N. H. Creager, David Kaiser, John Krige, Naomi Oreskes, George Reisch, Sigrid Schmalzer, Sonja D. Schmid, Matthew Shindell, Asif A. Siddiqi, Zuoyue Wang, Benjamin Wilson

Secrets of Cold War Technology

Author : Gerry Vassilatos
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780932813800
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (138 download)

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Book Synopsis Secrets of Cold War Technology by : Gerry Vassilatos

Download or read book Secrets of Cold War Technology written by Gerry Vassilatos and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The death knell has struck. Wave Radio is dead. How have 70 years of Military Research succeeded in producing a completely new and superior communications technology? Radio History gives a stranger walk than paranoid writers ever tell! While citizens were watching television, military research was directed to create an amazing radiation technology far in advance of any system known. Currently and routinely utilised, it has remained a well guarded 'open secret' for decades. The proof patents and relevant research papers have just been retrieved. Facts quell hysteria, but Truth is stranger than fiction. Want the answers? The complete technical history of military projects will show the development of every relevant project preceding HAARP. Only the facts. No hysteria. Complete with communications and weapons patent citations, this book will forever change your view of world events and technology.

The Cambridge History of the Cold War

Author : Melvyn P. Leffler
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521837197
Total Pages : 663 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge History of the Cold War by : Melvyn P. Leffler

Download or read book The Cambridge History of the Cold War written by Melvyn P. Leffler and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the origins and early years of the Cold War in the first comprehensive historical reexamination of the period. A team of leading scholars shows how the conflict evolved from the geopolitical, ideological, economic and sociopolitical environments of the two world wars and interwar period.

A Technological History of Cold-War India, 1947–⁠1969

Author : William A.T. Logan
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030787672
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis A Technological History of Cold-War India, 1947–⁠1969 by : William A.T. Logan

Download or read book A Technological History of Cold-War India, 1947–⁠1969 written by William A.T. Logan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-01 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a technological history of modern India, in particular the Nehruvian development in the context of the Cold War. Through a series of case studies about military modernization, transportation infrastructure, and electric power, it examines how the ideals of autarky and technological indigenization conflicted with the economic and political realities of the Cold War world. Where other studies tend to focus on the political leaders and economists who oversaw development, this book demonstrates how the perspective of the engineers, government bureaucrats, and aid workers informed and ultimately implemented development.

The Global Cold War

Author : Odd Arne Westad
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521853648
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis The Global Cold War by : Odd Arne Westad

Download or read book The Global Cold War written by Odd Arne Westad and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-24 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cold War shaped the world we live in today - its politics, economics, and military affairs. This book shows how the globalization of the Cold War during the last century created the foundations for most of the key conflicts we see today, including the War on Terror. It focuses on how the Third World policies of the two twentieth-century superpowers - the United States and the Soviet Union - gave rise to resentments and resistance that in the end helped topple one superpower and still seriously challenge the other. Ranging from China to Indonesia, Iran, Ethiopia, Angola, Cuba, and Nicaragua, it provides a truly global perspective on the Cold War. And by exploring both the development of interventionist ideologies and the revolutionary movements that confronted interventions, the book links the past with the present in ways that no other major work on the Cold War era has succeeded in doing.