Scarcity And Conflict

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Climate Change and Resource Conflict

Author : Judith M. Bretthauer
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317282973
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change and Resource Conflict by : Judith M. Bretthauer

Download or read book Climate Change and Resource Conflict written by Judith M. Bretthauer and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-08-25 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the links between climate change and resource scarcity to violent conflict. Does climate change cause conflicts? This book analyses the economic, political and social conditions under which countries with low levels of freshwater or arable land experience armed conflict. There are strong theoretic arguments linking climate change and scarcity of livelihood resources to conflict. However, empirical accounts are contradictory. Using qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this book compares 22 political, economic and social conditions across 30 countries experiencing scarcity of available freshwater or arable land. The results show that there are three types of resource-scarce countries that experience conflicts: (neo)patrimonial states, oil-rich states that are poorly integrated into the global economy and least developed states. In addition, the results reveal that there are two types of resource scarce countries that remain peaceful: non-agrarian countries with either even development between groups or high integration into the global economy with high levels of adaptive capacities. This explains the contradictory results of previous empirical studies and suggests that resource scarcity might contribute to conflict in least developed countries. This book will be of much interest to students of climate change, critical security, peace and conflict studies, and IR in general.

States, Scarcity, and Civil Strife in the Developing World

Author : Colin H. Kahl
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691188378
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis States, Scarcity, and Civil Strife in the Developing World by : Colin H. Kahl

Download or read book States, Scarcity, and Civil Strife in the Developing World written by Colin H. Kahl and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past several decades, civil and ethnic wars have undermined prospects for economic and political development, destabilized entire regions of the globe, and left millions dead. States, Scarcity, and Civil Strife in the Developing World argues that demographic and environmental stress--the interactions among rapid population growth, environmental degradation, inequality, and emerging scarcities of vital natural resources--represents one important source of turmoil in today's world. Kahl contends that this type of stress places enormous strains on both societies and governments in poor countries, increasing their vulnerability to armed conflict. He identifies two pathways whereby this process unfolds: state failure and state exploitation. State failure conflicts occur when population growth, environmental degradation, and resource inequality weaken the capacity, legitimacy, and cohesion of governments, thereby expanding the opportunities and incentives for rebellion and intergroup violence. State exploitation conflicts, in contrast, occur when political leaders themselves capitalize on the opportunities arising from population pressures, natural resource scarcities, and related social grievances to instigate violence that serves their parochial interests. Drawing on a wide array of social science theory, this book argues that demographically and environmentally induced conflicts are most likely to occur in countries that are deeply split along ethnic, religious, regional, or class lines, and which have highly exclusive and discriminatory political systems. The empirical portion of the book evaluates the theoretical argument through in-depth case studies of civil strife in the Philippines, Kenya, and numerous other countries. The book concludes with an analysis of the challenges demographic and environmental change will pose to international security in the decades ahead.

Environment, Scarcity, and Violence

Author : Thomas F. Homer-Dixon
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400822998
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Environment, Scarcity, and Violence by : Thomas F. Homer-Dixon

Download or read book Environment, Scarcity, and Violence written by Thomas F. Homer-Dixon and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth's human population is expected to pass eight billion by the year 2025, while rapid growth in the global economy will spur ever increasing demands for natural resources. The world will consequently face growing scarcities of such vital renewable resources as cropland, fresh water, and forests. Thomas Homer-Dixon argues in this sobering book that these environmental scarcities will have profound social consequences--contributing to insurrections, ethnic clashes, urban unrest, and other forms of civil violence, especially in the developing world. Homer-Dixon synthesizes work from a wide range of international research projects to develop a detailed model of the sources of environmental scarcity. He refers to water shortages in China, population growth in sub-Saharan Africa, and land distribution in Mexico, for example, to show that scarcities stem from the degradation and depletion of renewable resources, the increased demand for these resources, and/or their unequal distribution. He shows that these scarcities can lead to deepened poverty, large-scale migrations, sharpened social cleavages, and weakened institutions. And he describes the kinds of violence that can result from these social effects, arguing that conflicts in Chiapas, Mexico and ongoing turmoil in many African and Asian countries, for instance, are already partly a consequence of scarcity. Homer-Dixon is careful to point out that the effects of environmental scarcity are indirect and act in combination with other social, political, and economic stresses. He also acknowledges that human ingenuity can reduce the likelihood of conflict, particularly in countries with efficient markets, capable states, and an educated populace. But he argues that the violent consequences of scarcity should not be underestimated--especially when about half the world's population depends directly on local renewables for their day-to-day well-being. In the next decades, he writes, growing scarcities will affect billions of people with unprecedented severity and at an unparalleled scale and pace. Clearly written and forcefully argued, this book will become the standard work on the complex relationship between environmental scarcities and human violence.

The Coming Age of Scarcity

Author : Michael N. Dobkowski
Publisher : Syracuse University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815627449
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (274 download)

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Book Synopsis The Coming Age of Scarcity by : Michael N. Dobkowski

Download or read book The Coming Age of Scarcity written by Michael N. Dobkowski and published by Syracuse University Press. This book was released on 1998-03-01 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michael Dobkowski and Isidor Walliman have edited a book that, although ominous, is not a fatalistic look at the future. The Coming Age of Scarcity lays out the perils of not recognizing the reality of genocide or of acknowledging the full implications of warfare. Showing how scarcity and surplus populations can lead to disaster, The Coming Age of Scarcity is about evil. It tells of "ethnic cleansing" and excavates the world's expanding killing fields. The writers in this volume are all too aware that the future suggests that present-day population growth, land resources, energy consumption, and per capita consumption cannot be sustained without leading to greater catastrophes. The essays in this volume ask: What is the solution in the face of mass death and genocide? As philosopher John K. Roth says in the Foreword, "The essays can sensitize us against despair and indifference because history shows that human-made mass death and genocide are not inevitable, and no events related to them will ever be."

Water Scarcity, Climate Change and Conflict in the Middle East

Author : Christopher Ward
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786721309
Total Pages : 533 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Water Scarcity, Climate Change and Conflict in the Middle East by : Christopher Ward

Download or read book Water Scarcity, Climate Change and Conflict in the Middle East written by Christopher Ward and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The countries that make up the MENA region display wide diversity. One of the poorest countries in the world sits alongside two of the wealthiest, whilst the region's natural resources range from immeasurable oil and gas reserves to some of the scantiest natural endowments anywhere in the world. Yet through this diversity runs a common thread: water scarcity. Now, through the impact of human development and climate change, the water resource itself is changing,bringing new risks and increasing the vulnerability of all those dependent on water. Chris Ward and Sandra Ruckstuhl assess the increased challenges now facing the countries of the region, placing particular emphasis on water scarcity and the resultant risks to livelihoods, food security and the environment. They evaluate the risks and reality of climate change in the region, and offer an assessment of the vulnerability of agriculture and livelihoods. In a final section, they explore the options for responding to the new challenges, including policy, institutional, economic and technical measures.

Water and Conflict in the Middle East

Author : Marcus Dubois King
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0197552633
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis Water and Conflict in the Middle East by : Marcus Dubois King

Download or read book Water and Conflict in the Middle East written by Marcus Dubois King and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-12 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the role of water in the Middle East's current economic, political and environmental transformations, which are set to continue in the near future. In addition to examining water conflict from within the domestic contexts of Iraq, Yemen and Syria-- all experiencing high levels of instability today--the contributors shed further light on how conflict over water resources has influenced political relations in the region. They interrogate how competition over water resources may precipitate or affect war in the Middle East, and assess whether or how resource vulnerability impacts fragile states and societies in the region and beyond. Water and Conflict in the Middle East is an essential contribution to our understanding of turbulence in this globally significant region.

Scarcity, Conflicts, and Cooperation

Author : Pranab Bardhan
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262261814
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (618 download)

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Book Synopsis Scarcity, Conflicts, and Cooperation by : Pranab Bardhan

Download or read book Scarcity, Conflicts, and Cooperation written by Pranab Bardhan and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-11-05 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This wide-ranging review of some of the major issues in development economics focuses on the role of economic and political institutions. Drawing on the latest findings in institutional economics and political economy, Pranab Bardhan, a leader in the field of development economics, offers a relatively nontechnical discussion of current thinking on these issues from the viewpoint of poor countries, synthesizing recent research and reflecting on where we stand today. The institutional framework of an economy defines and constrains the opportunities of individuals, determines the business climate, and shapes the incentives and organizations for collective action on the part of communities; Pranab Bardhan finds the institutional framework to be relatively weak in many poor countries. Institutional failures, weak accountability mechanisms, and missed opportunities for cooperative problem-solving become the themes of the book, with the role of distributive conflicts in the persistence of dysfunctional institutions as a common thread. Special issues taken up include the institutions for securing property rights and resolving coordination failures; the structural basis of power; commitment devices and political accountability; the complex relationship between democracy and poverty (with examples from India, where both have been durable); decentralization and devolution of power; persistence of corruption; ethnic conflicts; and impediments to collective action. Formal models are largely avoided, except in two chapters where Bardhan briefly introduces new models to elucidate currently under-researched areas. Other chapters review existing models, emphasizing the essential ideas rather than the formal details. Thus the book will be valuable not only for economists but also for social scientists and policymakers.

On the Edge of Scarcity

Author : Michael N. Dobkowski
Publisher : Syracuse University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815629436
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (294 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Edge of Scarcity by : Michael N. Dobkowski

Download or read book On the Edge of Scarcity written by Michael N. Dobkowski and published by Syracuse University Press. This book was released on 2002-02-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modernization and Industrialization have presented the human race with many problems, inflicting deprivation, poverty, war and premature death on millions of people. Until recently, however, solutions were achievable. Drawn from the much-acclaimed Coming Age of Scarcity and adapted here for general classroom use, this work will be an ideal introduction to courses in population, environment and resources, genocide studies, and social conflict. As we enter the twenty-first century, several components converge, namely population, land for cultivation, energy resources, and environmental carrying capacity. Michael N. Dobkowski and Isidor Wallimann establish a realistic projection of the disastrous future that awaits humankind as surplus populations collide with dwindling resources. Scholars from a variety of disciplines investigate the problems and suggest ways to maximize individual and collective survival, discussing cause-and-effect scenarios concerning industrialization, biophysical limits, exponential population growth, and genocide.

Natural Resource Conflicts and Sustainable Development

Author : E. Gunilla Almered Olsson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351268635
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Resource Conflicts and Sustainable Development by : E. Gunilla Almered Olsson

Download or read book Natural Resource Conflicts and Sustainable Development written by E. Gunilla Almered Olsson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing both a theoretical background and practical examples of natural resource conflict, this volume explores the pressures on natural resources leading to scarcity and conflict. It is shown that the causes and driving forces behind natural resource conflicts are diverse, complex and often interlinked, including global economic growth, exploding consumption, poor governance, poverty, unequal access to resources and power. The different interpretations of nature-culture and the role of humans in the ecosystem are often at the centre of the conflict. Natural resource conflicts range from armed conflicts to conflicts of interest between stakeholders in the North as well as in the South. The varying driving forces behind such disputes at different levels and scales are critically analysed, and approaches to facilitate and enforce mediation, transformation and collaboration at these levels and scales are presented and discussed. In order to transform existing resource conflicts, as well as to decrease the risk of future conflicts, approaches that enhance and enforce collaboration for sustainable development at global, regional, national and local levels are reviewed, and sustainable pathways suggested. A range of global examples is presented including water resources, fisheries, forests, human–wildlife conflicts, urban environments and the consequences of climate change. It will be a valuable text for advanced students of natural resource management, environment and development studies and peace and conflict management. The book will also be of interest to practitioners in the field of natural resource management.

Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict

Author : Jürgen Scheffran
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642286267
Total Pages : 869 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict by : Jürgen Scheffran

Download or read book Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict written by Jürgen Scheffran and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-26 with total page 869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Severe droughts, damaging floods and mass migration: Climate change is becoming a focal point for security and conflict research and a challenge for the world’s governance structures. But how severe are the security risks and conflict potentials of climate change? Could global warming trigger a sequence of events leading to economic decline, social unrest and political instability? What are the causal relationships between resource scarcity and violent conflict? This book brings together international experts to explore these questions using in-depth case studies from around the world. Furthermore, the authors discuss strategies, institutions and cooperative approaches to stabilize the climate-society interaction.

Environmental Scarcity and Violent Conflict

Author : Valerie Percival
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (795 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Scarcity and Violent Conflict by : Valerie Percival

Download or read book Environmental Scarcity and Violent Conflict written by Valerie Percival and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

From Conflict to Peacebuilding

Author : Richard A. Matthew
Publisher : UNEP/Earthprint
ISBN 13 : 9789280729573
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis From Conflict to Peacebuilding by : Richard A. Matthew

Download or read book From Conflict to Peacebuilding written by Richard A. Matthew and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2009 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s changing security landscape requires a radical shift in the way the international community engages in conflict management. This report by the United nations Environment Programme aims to review the latest knowledge and field experience on the linkages between environment, conflict and peacebuilding, and to discuss the ways in which these issues can be addressed and integrated in a more coherent and systematic way by the UN, Member States and other stakeholders involved in peacebuilding interventions and conflict prevention.

Natural Resources and Violent Conflict

Author : Ian Bannon
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821355039
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Resources and Violent Conflict by : Ian Bannon

Download or read book Natural Resources and Violent Conflict written by Ian Bannon and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research carried out by the World Bank on the root causes of conflict and civil war finds that a developing country's economic dependence on natural resources or other primary commodities is strongly associated with the risk level for violent conflict. This book brings together a collection of reports and case studies that explore what the international community in particular can do to reduce this risk.; The text explains the links between natural resources and conflict and examines the impact of resource dependence on economic performance, governance, secessionist movements and revel financing. It then explores avenues for international action - from financial and resource reporting procedures and policy recommendations to commodity tracking systems and enforcement instruments, including sanctions, certification requirements, aid conditionality, legislative and judicial instruments.

Conflict and the Environment

Author : N.P. Gleditsch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940158947X
Total Pages : 626 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Conflict and the Environment by : N.P. Gleditsch

Download or read book Conflict and the Environment written by N.P. Gleditsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nils Petter Gleditsch International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO) & Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trond heim This book could hardly have happened but for the end of the Cold War. The decline of the East-West conflict has opened up the arena for increased attention to other lines of conflict, in Europe and at the global level. Environmental disruption, not a new phenomenon by any means, is a chief beneficiary of the shift in priorities in the public debate. The Scientific and Environmental Affairs Divi sion of NATO has moved with the times and has defined environmental security as one of its priority areas for cooperation with Central and Eastern Europe and countries of the former Soviet Union. This book is the main output of an Advanced Research Workshop (ARW), held in Bolkesjl/l, Norway, 12-16 June 1996. I would like to acknowledge the personal support of L. Veiga da Cunha, Director of the Priority Area on Environmental Security. Research on these issues is now very much a collaborative effort across former lines of division in Europe. NATO encourages, indeed requires, that this be reflected in the composition of the participants, as well as the organizing committee. This meeting was organized by a group of five people from five different countries: Lothar Brock (Germany), Nils Petter Gleditsch (Norway), Thomas Homer-Dixon (Canada), Renat Perelet (Co-Director, Russia), and Evan Vlachos (USA).

Beyond Resource Wars

Author : Shlomi Dinar
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262014971
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Resource Wars by : Shlomi Dinar

Download or read book Beyond Resource Wars written by Shlomi Dinar and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that resource scarcity and environmental degradation can provide an impetus for cooperation among countries.

Scarcity and Survival in Central America

Author : William H. Durham
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804765669
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Scarcity and Survival in Central America by : William H. Durham

Download or read book Scarcity and Survival in Central America written by William H. Durham and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1979-06-01 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking at both population and land tenure dynamics in their historical context, this study challenges the view that the 1969 conflict between El Salvador and Honduras was primarily a response to population pressure. The author demonstrates that land scarcity, a principal cause of the war, was largely a product of the concentration of landholdings. The analysis focuses on the emigration of 300,000 Salvadoreans to Honduras in the years before the war, inquiring into the reasons for the emigration, its impact on local agricultural economies, and its relation to the conflict. Answers to these questions are based on a new interpretation of national statistics and on original survey research in peasant communities. The author has used an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on the perspectives of anthropology, ecology, history, demography, and geography. In addition to its value as a case study in human ecology, this book gives a clear account of the nature and origins of ecological pressures in rural Central America. The book is illustrated with 21 photographs and 7 maps.

Managing Water Conflict

Author : Ashok Swain
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135768838
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing Water Conflict by : Ashok Swain

Download or read book Managing Water Conflict written by Ashok Swain and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-06 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water scarcity and the use of international river system resources can not only cause international conflict but can also bring about peace and co-operation. This book looks at the current stresses and likely future scenarios.