Scaling Moe And Mor Measurements For White Spruce Picea Glauca From Mini Clear Samples To Full Length Lumber And Relating The Results To Tree Level Variables

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Scaling MoE and MoR measurements for white spruce (Picea glauca) from mini-clear samples to full length lumber and relating the results to tree-level variables

Author : Li Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Scaling MoE and MoR measurements for white spruce (Picea glauca) from mini-clear samples to full length lumber and relating the results to tree-level variables by : Li Li

Download or read book Scaling MoE and MoR measurements for white spruce (Picea glauca) from mini-clear samples to full length lumber and relating the results to tree-level variables written by Li Li and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: « Stiffness and strength are generally obtained on either small c1earwood or on fulllength lumber for quantifying wood quality. Scaling the values between sample sizes is hard due to the differences in testing method, wood properties and defect occurrence. This study explored the relationship of stiffness (MoE) and strength (MoR) measures between two sample sizes as weil as the effects of tree-level variables on the scaling process. Tree and branch data were collected from 32 white spruce (Picea glauca) trees from a spacing trial in eastern Canada established in 1936. Each selected tree was bucked into logs and bolts, which were then processed into 3.8x8.9x250 cm and 1x1x15cm pieces. The moduli were obtained from 4- and 3-point bending tests for lumber and mini-clear, respectively. The lumber to mini-c1ear relation was modeled with a resampling technique , with two pairing methods run 10 000 times each. The MoE and MoR ratios were then related to stand, tree and crown characteristics using a linear regression for each resampling run , and the distribution of the estimated parameters used for inference. Lumber MoE was 29% larger than mini-c1ear MoE, unlike the lumber MoR which was 53% of the mini-c1ear MoR. Furthermore, in both simulating senarios, DBH and crown ratio were positively proportion al to both scaling ratios; contrarily, basal area of 5 biggest branches was negatively proportion al to scaling ratios. The variables explaining the MoE and MoR ratios in final models were similar between two scenarios. -- Keywords: modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, lumber, mini-c1ear, resampling technique, white spruce (Picea glauca). »--

Instructions for the Scaling and Measurement of National Forest Timber

Author : United States. Forest Service
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Instructions for the Scaling and Measurement of National Forest Timber by : United States. Forest Service

Download or read book Instructions for the Scaling and Measurement of National Forest Timber written by United States. Forest Service and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Quantifying the Influence of Crown Size on Mechanical Wood Properties in White Spruce (Picea Glauca).

Author : Adam Peter Kuprevicius
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780494760833
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantifying the Influence of Crown Size on Mechanical Wood Properties in White Spruce (Picea Glauca). by : Adam Peter Kuprevicius

Download or read book Quantifying the Influence of Crown Size on Mechanical Wood Properties in White Spruce (Picea Glauca). written by Adam Peter Kuprevicius and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conceptual models of wood formation suggest that trees with large crowns produce low quality wood, but few studies have explicitly examined the relationship between crown size and wood quality. In this study, I examine how crown size influences the strength and stiffness of wood, as measured by Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR), using 42- and 72-old year plantation white spruce (Picea glauca) from Ontario, Canada. Mechanical properties were determined from 10x10x140 mm mini-clear samples (n=657), selected from a radial gradient at three heights within the stems. Non-linear mixed-effects models showed that strength and stiffness significantly decreased with crown size, and that MOE and MOR were best predicted by cambial age and crown ratio. The results suggest that the models could be used in conjunction with remotely sensed data to identify high quality timber prior to harvest.

Resource Physiology of Conifers

Author : William K. Smith
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780126528701
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (287 download)

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Book Synopsis Resource Physiology of Conifers by : William K. Smith

Download or read book Resource Physiology of Conifers written by William K. Smith and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coniferous forests are among the most important of ecosystems. These forests are widespread and influence both the financial and biological health of our globe. This book focuses attention on conifers and how these trees acquire, allocate, and utilize the resources that sustain this crucial productivity. An international team of experts has surveyed and synthesized information from an expanding area of inquiry. The first half of the book describes how resources are acquired both by means of photosynthesis and through root systems. The latter half of the volume focuses upon how resources are stored and used. As conifers continue as a resource and ever increasingly important contributor to the regional and global environmental sustainability, this book will help establish how much sustainability can be expected and maintained.

Wood Properties and Processing

Author : Miha Humar
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039288210
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

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Book Synopsis Wood Properties and Processing by : Miha Humar

Download or read book Wood Properties and Processing written by Miha Humar and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-23 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood-based materials are CO2-neutral, renewable, and considered to be environmentally friendly. The huge variety of wood species and wood-based composites allows a wide scope of creative and esthetic alternatives to materials with higher environmental impacts during production, use and disposal. Quality of wood is influenced by the genetic and environmental factors. One of the emerging uses of wood are building and construction applications. Modern building and construction practices would not be possible without use of wood or wood-based composites. The use of composites enables using wood of lower quality for the production of materials with engineered properties for specific target applications. Even more, the utilization of such reinforcing particles as carbon nanotubes and nanocellulose enables development of a new generation of composites with even better properties. The positive aspect of decomposability of waste wood can turn into the opposite when wood or wood-based materials are exposed to weathering, moisture oscillations, different discolorations, and degrading organisms. Protective measures are therefore unavoidable for many outdoor applications. Resistance of wood against different aging factors is always a combined effect of toxic or inhibiting ingredients on the one hand, and of structural, anatomical, or chemical ways of excluding moisture on the other.

Fundamentals of Tree Ring Research

Author : James H. Speer
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816547386
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Tree Ring Research by : James H. Speer

Download or read book Fundamentals of Tree Ring Research written by James H. Speer and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree-ring dating (dendrochronology) is a method of scientific dating based on the analysis of tree-ring growth patterns. As author James Speer notes, trees are remarkable bioindicators. Although there are other scientific means of dating climatic and environmental events, dendrochronology provides the most reliable of all paleorecords. Dendrochronology can be applied to very old trees to provide long-term records of past temperature, rainfall, fire, insect outbreaks, landslides, hurricanes, and ice storms--to name only a few events. This comprehensive text addresses all of the subjects that a reader who is new to the field will need to know and will be a welcome reference for practitioners at all levels. It includes a history of the discipline, biological and ecological background, principles of the field, basic scientific information on the structure and growth of trees, the complete range of dendrochronology methods, and a full description of each of the relevant subdisciplines. Individual chapters address the composition of wood, methods of field and laboratory study, dendroarchaeology, dendroclimatology, dendroecology, dendrogeomorphology, and dendrochemistry. The book also provides thorough introductions to common computer programs and methods of statistical analysis. In the final chapter, the author describes "frontiers in dendrochronology," with an eye toward future directions in the field. He concludes with several useful appendixes, including a listing of tree and shrub species that have been used successfully by dendrochronologists. Throughout, photographs and illustrations visually represent the state of knowledge in the field.

Paleoclimatology

Author : Raymond S. Bradley
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080538347
Total Pages : 631 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Paleoclimatology by : Raymond S. Bradley

Download or read book Paleoclimatology written by Raymond S. Bradley and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-02-22 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Raymond S. Bradley provides his readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date review of all of the important methods used in paleoclimatic reconstruction, dating and paleoclimate modeling. Two comprehensive chapters on dating methods provide the foundation for all paleoclimatic studies and are followed by up-to-date coverage of ice core research, continental geological and biological records, pollen analysis, radiocarbon dating, tree rings and historical records. New methods using alkenones in marine sediments and coral studies are also described. Paleoclimatology, Second Edition, is an essential textbook for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students studying climatology, paleoclimatology and paleooceanography worldwide, as well as a valuable reference for lecturers and researchers, appealing to archaeologists and scientists interested in environmental change. * Contains two up-to-date chapters on dating methods* Consists of the latest coverage of ice core research, marine sediment and coral studies, continental geological and biological records, pollen analysis, tree rings, and historical records* Describes the newest methods using alkenones in marine sediments and long continental pollen records* Addresses all important methods used in paleoclimatic reconstruction* Includes an extensive chapter on the use of models in paleoclimatology* Extensive and up-to-date bibliography* Illustrated with numerous comprehensive figure captions

Wood Variation

Author : Bruce J. Zobel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642740693
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Wood Variation by : Bruce J. Zobel

Download or read book Wood Variation written by Bruce J. Zobel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood is the usual end product of a forestry operation. Because of its importance, numerous studies have been made relative to wood prop erties, the causes of wood variation, and how best to develop wood for desired products. There is voluminous literature related to these subjects, but it is neither well known nor appreciated by foresters because the publications are often not available or are not well understood by the forester or by those who use the wood. Frequently, the literature is confusing and contradictory, making it difficult for the nonspecialist to use what information is available. In order to produce and use wood efficiently, the variation pat terns within trees, among trees within species, and among species must be understood. This also requires some knowledge of the causes of variation and the effects of different wood properties upon utiliza tion. The information about variation patterns, their causes, and con trol and effect upon the product must be known by the tree grower, the tree breeder, and the tree harvester as well as by those who ultimately convert wood into a final, salable product.

Field Guide to Forest Plants of South-central Colorado

Author : David C. Powell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Field Guide to Forest Plants of South-central Colorado by : David C. Powell

Download or read book Field Guide to Forest Plants of South-central Colorado written by David C. Powell and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Mountain Pine Beetle

Author : Pacific Forestry Centre
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780662426233
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mountain Pine Beetle by : Pacific Forestry Centre

Download or read book The Mountain Pine Beetle written by Pacific Forestry Centre and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book presents a synthesis of published information on mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins [Coleoptera: Scolytidae]) biology and management with an emphasis on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) forests of western Canada. Intended as a reference for researchers as well as forest managers, the book covers three main subject areas: mountain pine beetle biology, management, and socioeconomic concerns. The chapters on biology cover taxonomy, life history and habits, distribution, insect-host tree interactions, development and survival, epidemiology, and outbreak history. The management section covers management strategy, survey and detection, proactive and preventive management, and decision support tools. The chapters on socioeconomic aspects include an economic examination of management programs and the utilization of post-beetle salvage timber in solid wood, panelboard, pulp and paper products."--Publisher's description.

Tropical Trees and Forests

Author : F. Halle
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642811906
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis Tropical Trees and Forests by : F. Halle

Download or read book Tropical Trees and Forests written by F. Halle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Forest Products and Wood Science

Author : Rubin Shmulsky
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111942643X
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Forest Products and Wood Science by : Rubin Shmulsky

Download or read book Forest Products and Wood Science written by Rubin Shmulsky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-11 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated seventh edition of the classic text on wood science and forestry The seventh edition of Forest Products and Wood Science: An Introduction offers a fully revised and updated review of the forest products industry. This classic text contains a comprehensive review of the subject and presents a thorough understanding of the anatomical and physical nature of wood. The authors emphasize its use as an industrial raw material. Forest Products and Wood Science provides thorough coverage of all aspects of wood science and industry, ranging from tree growth and wood anatomy to a variety of economically important wood products, along with their applications and performance. The text explores global raw materials, the increasing use of wood as a source of energy and chemicals and environmental implications of the use of wood. This edition features new material on structural composites, non-structural composites, durability and protection, pulp and paper, energy and chemicals, and global raw materials. This seventh edition of the classic work: Contains new information on a variety of topics including: structural composites, non-structural composites, durability and protection, pulp and paper, energy and chemicals and global raw materials Includes a fully revised text that meets the changing needs of the forestry, engineering, and wood science academics and professionals Presents material written by authors with broad experience in both the private and academic sectors Written for undergraduate students in forestry, natural resources, engineering, and wood science, as well as forest industry personnel, engineers, wood-based manufacturing and using professionals, the seventh edition of Forest Products and Wood Science updates the classic text that has become an indispensable resource.

Modeling Forest Trees and Stands

Author : Harold E. Burkhart
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048131707
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling Forest Trees and Stands by : Harold E. Burkhart

Download or read book Modeling Forest Trees and Stands written by Harold E. Burkhart and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing upon a wealth of past research and results, this book provides a comprehensive summary of state-of-the-art methods for empirical modeling of forest trees and stands. It opens by describing methods for quantifying individual trees, progresses to a thorough coverage of whole-stand, size-class and individual-tree approaches for modeling forest stand dynamics, growth and yield, moves on to methods for incorporating response to silvicultural treatments and wood quality characteristics in forest growth and yield models, and concludes with a discussion on evaluating and implementing growth and yield models. Ideal for use in graduate-level forestry courses, this book also provides ready access to a plethora of reference material for researchers working in growth and yield modeling.

Size- and Age-Related Changes in Tree Structure and Function

Author : Frederick C. Meinzer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400712421
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Size- and Age-Related Changes in Tree Structure and Function by : Frederick C. Meinzer

Download or read book Size- and Age-Related Changes in Tree Structure and Function written by Frederick C. Meinzer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of trees live and grow all around us, and we all recognize the vital role they play in the world’s ecosystems. Publicity campaigns exhort us to plant yet more. Yet until recently comparatively little was known about the root causes of the physical changes that attend their growth. Since trees typically increase in size by three to four orders of magnitude in their journey to maturity, this gap in our knowledge has been a crucial issue to address. Here at last is a synthesis of the current state of our knowledge about both the causes and consequences of ontogenetic changes in key features of tree structure and function. During their ontogeny, trees undergo numerous changes in their physiological function, the structure and mechanical properties of their wood, and overall architecture and allometry. This book examines the central interplay between these changes and tree size and age. It also explores the impact these changes can have, at the level of the individual tree, on the emerging characteristics of forest ecosystems at various stages of their development. The analysis offers an explanation for the importance of discriminating between the varied physical properties arising from the nexus of size and age, as well as highlighting the implications these ontogenetic changes have for commercial forestry and climate change. This important and timely summation of our knowledge base in this area, written by highly respected researchers, will be of huge interest, not only to researchers, but also to forest managers and silviculturists.

Ontario Tree Marking Guide

Author : H. W. Anderson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Ontario Tree Marking Guide by : H. W. Anderson

Download or read book Ontario Tree Marking Guide written by H. W. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Causes and Consequences of Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystems

Author : Aaron M. Ellison
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039213091
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

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Book Synopsis Causes and Consequences of Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystems by : Aaron M. Ellison

Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystems written by Aaron M. Ellison and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Causes and Consequences of Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystems that was published in Forests

Forest Succession

Author : D. C. West
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461259509
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Forest Succession by : D. C. West

Download or read book Forest Succession written by D. C. West and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Succession-nothing in plant, community, or ecosystem ecology has been so elaborated by terminology, so much reviewed, and yet so much the center of controversy. In a general sense, every ecologist uses the concept in teaching and research, but no two ecologists seem to have a unified concept of the details of succession. The word was used by Thoreau to describe, from a naturalist's point of view, the general changes observed during the transition of an old field to a forest. As data accumulated, a lengthy taxonomy of succession developed around early twentieth century ecologists such as Cooper, Clements, and Gleason. Now, nearer the end of the century, and after much discussion concerning the nature of vegetation communities, where do ecologists stand with respect to knowledge of ecological succession? The intent of this book is not to rehash classic philosophies of succession that have emerged through the past several decades of study, but to provide a forum for ecologists to present their current research and present-day interpretation of data. To this end, we brought together a group of scientists currently studying terrestrial plant succession, who represent research experience in a broad spectrum of different ecosystem types. The results of that meeting led to this book, which presents to the reader a unique summary of contemporary research on forest succession.