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Author : T. J. Pedley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Scale Effects in Animal Locomotion written by T. J. Pedley and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. McNeill Alexander
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691126348
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)
Download or read book Principles of Animal Locomotion written by R. McNeill Alexander and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-19 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can geckoes walk on the ceiling and basilisk lizards run over water? What are the aerodynamic effects that enable small insects to fly? What are the relative merits of squids' jet-propelled swimming and fishes' tail-powered swimming? Why do horses change gait as they increase speed? What determines our own vertical leap? Recent technical advances have greatly increased researchers' ability to answer these questions with certainty and in detail. This text provides an up-to-date overview of how animals run, walk, jump, crawl, swim, soar, hover, and fly. Excluding only the tiny creatures that use cilia, it covers all animals that power their movements with muscle--from roundworms to whales, clams to elephants, and gnats to albatrosses. The introduction sets out the general rules governing all modes of animal locomotion and considers the performance criteria--such as speed, endurance, and economy--that have shaped their selection. It introduces energetics and optimality as basic principles. The text then tackles each of the major modes by which animals move on land, in water, and through air. It explains the mechanisms involved and the physical and biological forces shaping those mechanisms, paying particular attention to energy costs. Focusing on general principles but extensively discussing a wide variety of individual cases, this is a superb synthesis of current knowledge about animal locomotion. It will be enormously useful to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and a range of professional biologists, physicists, and engineers.
Author : R. McNeill Alexander
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400849519
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)
Download or read book Principles of Animal Locomotion written by R. McNeill Alexander and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can geckoes walk on the ceiling and basilisk lizards run over water? What are the aerodynamic effects that enable small insects to fly? What are the relative merits of squids' jet-propelled swimming and fishes' tail-powered swimming? Why do horses change gait as they increase speed? What determines our own vertical leap? Recent technical advances have greatly increased researchers' ability to answer these questions with certainty and in detail. This text provides an up-to-date overview of how animals run, walk, jump, crawl, swim, soar, hover, and fly. Excluding only the tiny creatures that use cilia, it covers all animals that power their movements with muscle--from roundworms to whales, clams to elephants, and gnats to albatrosses. The introduction sets out the general rules governing all modes of animal locomotion and considers the performance criteria--such as speed, endurance, and economy--that have shaped their selection. It introduces energetics and optimality as basic principles. The text then tackles each of the major modes by which animals move on land, in water, and through air. It explains the mechanisms involved and the physical and biological forces shaping those mechanisms, paying particular attention to energy costs. Focusing on general principles but extensively discussing a wide variety of individual cases, this is a superb synthesis of current knowledge about animal locomotion. It will be enormously useful to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and a range of professional biologists, physicists, and engineers.
Author : Lars-Anders Hansson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199677182
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)
Download or read book Animal Movement Across Scales written by Lars-Anders Hansson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study takes a broad and timely approach to animal movement across both temporal and spatial scales. Movement and migration on land, in the air, and in water are pervading features of animal life-from the smallest protozoans to the largest whales - and can extend from millimetres to global scale. Research into animal movement ecology is now entering a new era with the development of novel molecular, electronic, and technical methods that make it possible to analyse the movements of individual animals under complex environmental conditions that determine the evolution of movement habits.
Author : Andrew A. Biewener
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780198500223
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Animal Locomotion written by Andrew A. Biewener and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-06-19 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a clear foundation, based on physical biology and biomechanics, for understanding the underlying mechanisms by which animals have evolved to move in their physical environment. It integrates the biomechanics of animal movement with the physiology of animal energetics and the neural control of locomotion. The author also communicates a sense of the awe and fascination that comes from watching the grace, speed, and power of animals in motion. Movement is a fundamental distinguishing feature of animal life, and a variety of extremely effective mechanical and physiological designs have evolved. Common themes are observed for the ways in which animals successfully contend with the properties of a given physical environment across diversity of life forms and varying locomotor modes. Understanding the common principles of design that span a diverse array of animals requires a broad comparative and integrative approach to their study. This theme persists throughout the book, as various modes and mechanisms of animal locomotion are covered. Since an animal's size is equally critical to its functional design, the effects of scale on locomotor energetics and mechanics are also discussed. Biewener begins by examining the underlying machinery for movement: skeletal muscles used for force generation, skeletons used for force transmission, and spring-like elements used for energy savings. He then describes the basic mechanisms that animals have evolved to move over land, in and on the surface of the water, and in the air. Common fluid dynamic principles are discussed as background to both swimming and flight. In addition to discussing the locomotor mechanisms of complex animals, the locomotor movement of single cells is also covered. Common biochemical features of cellular metabolism are then reviewed before discussing the energetic aspects of various locomotor modes. Strategies for conserving energy and moving economically are again highlighted in this section of the book. Emphasis is placed on comparisons of energetic features across locomotor modes. The book concludes with a discussion of the neural control of animal locomotion. The basic neurosensory and motor elements common to vertebrates and arthropods are discussed, and features of sensori-motor organization and function are highlighted. These are then examined in the context of specific examples of how animals control the rhythmic patterns of limb and body movement that underlie locomotor function and stability.
Author : Andrew Biewener
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191060852
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Animal Locomotion written by Andrew Biewener and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animals have evolved remarkable biomechanical and physiological systems that enable their rich repertoire of motion. Animal Locomotion offers a fundamental understanding of animal movement through a broad comparative and integrative approach, including basic mathematics and physics, examination of new and enduring literature, consideration of classic and cutting-edge methods, and a strong emphasis on the core concepts that consistently ground the dizzying array of animal movements. Across scales and environments, this book integrates the biomechanics of animal movement with the physiology of animal energetics and the neural control of locomotion. This second edition has been thoroughly revised, incorporating new content on non-vertebrate animal locomotor systems, studies of animal locomotion that have inspired robotic designs, and a new chapter on the use of evolutionary approaches to locomotor mechanisms and performance.
Author : Graham Taylor
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642116337
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)
Download or read book Animal Locomotion written by Graham Taylor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-20 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physical principles of swimming and flying in animals are intriguingly different from those of ships and airplanes. The study of animal locomotion therefore holds a special place not only at the frontiers of pure fluid dynamics research, but also in the applied field of biomimetics, which aims to emulate salient aspects of the performance and function of living organisms. For example, fluid dynamic loads are so significant for swimming fish that they are expected to have developed efficient flow control procedures through the evolutionary process of adaptation by natural selection, which might in turn be applied to the design of robotic swimmers. And yet, sharply contrasting views as to the energetic efficiency of oscillatory propulsion – especially for marine animals – demand a careful assessment of the forces and energy expended at realistic Reynolds numbers. For this and many other research questions, an experimental approach is often the most appropriate methodology. This holds as much for flying animals as it does for swimming ones, and similar experimental challenges apply – studying tethered as opposed to free locomotion, or studying the flow around robotic models as opposed to real animals. This book provides a wide-ranging snapshot of the state-of-the-art in experimental research on the physics of swimming and flying animals. The resulting picture reflects not only upon the questions that are of interest in current pure and applied research, but also upon the experimental techniques that are available to answer them.
Author : William J. Jungers
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489936475
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)
Download or read book Size and Scaling in Primate Biology written by William J. Jungers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-14 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In very general terms, "scaling" can be defined as the structural and func tional consequences of differences in size (or scale) among organisms of more or less similar design. Interest in certain aspects of body size and scaling in primate biology (e. g. , relative brain size) dates to the turn of the century, and scientific debate and dialogue on numerous aspects of this general subject have continued to be a primary concern of primatologists, physical an thropologists, and other vertebrate biologists up to the present. Indeed, the intensity and scope of such research on primates have grown enormously in the past decade or so. Information continues to accumulate rapidly from many different sources, and the task of synthesizing the available data and theories on any given topic is becoming increasingly formidable. In addition to the formal exchange of new ideas and information among scientific experts in specific areas of scaling research, two of the major goals of this volume are an assessment of our progress toward understanding various size-related phe nomena in primates and the identification of future prospects for continuing advances in this realm. Although the subject matter and specific details of the issues considered in the 20 chapters that follow are very diversified, all topics share the same fundamental and unifying biological theme: body size variation in primates and its implications for behavior and ecology, anatomy and physiology, and evolution.
Author : Knut Schmidt-Nielsen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521319874
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (198 download)
Download or read book Scaling written by Knut Schmidt-Nielsen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1984-07-27 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the importance of animal size. We tend to think of animal function in chemical terms and talk of water, salts, proteins, enzymes, oxygen, energy, and so on. We should not forget, however, that physical laws are equally important, for they determine rates of diffusion and heat transfer, transfer of force and momentum, the strength of structures, the dynamics of locomotion, and other aspects of the functioning of animal bodies. Physical laws provide possibilities and opportunities for an organism, yet they also impose constraints, setting limits to what is physically possible. This book aims to give an understanding of these rules because of their profound implications when we deal with animals of widely different size and scale. The reader will find that the book raises many questions. Remarkable and puzzling information makes it read a little like a detective story, but the last chapter, instead of giving the final solution, neither answers all questions nor provides one great unifying principle.
Author : Interunion Commission on Comparative Physiology
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780387965154
Total Pages : 574 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (651 download)
Download or read book Comparative Physiology written by Interunion Commission on Comparative Physiology and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1987-07-27 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the extent to which the design and function of terrestrial and aquatic animals are determined by the physicochemical properties of the media in which they live. The topic is addressed from the viewpoint of scientists representing a variety of disciplines and approaches. Anatomists, biochemists, biophysicists, physiologists and zoologists each contribute their perspectives. The general topics examined include: respiration; acid base balance; osmoregulation; water and ionic exchanges; nutrient acquisition and absorption; nitrogen and sulfur metabolism; locomotion; sensory information and behaviour; energy metabolism; and temperature and evolution. Four or five papers deal with each of these general topics.
Author : Gauthreaux
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080918336
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Animal Migration, Orientation and Navigation written by Gauthreaux and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal Migration, Orientation, and Navigation presents the various aspects of animal migration, including the evolution of migration, climatic and meteorological influences, and bioenergetics. This book discusses the physiological control, sensory systems, orientation and navigation, and biological clocks and phenology aspects of animal migration. Organized into five chapters, this book begins with an overview of the migration strategies of animals in the context of a space continuum. This text then explains the influence of short- and long-term climatic cycles on the spectrum of migratory patterns in nature. Other chapters consider the energetic requirements of different migration strategies and the energy stores of the migrants. This book discusses as well the physiological basis of animal migration, with emphasis on endocrinal findings on the timing and energetic aspects of different migration strategies. The final chapter deals with the mechanisms used in direction finding by migrating animals. This book is a valuable resource for biologists and ecologists.
Author : Felisa A. Smith
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022611550X
Total Pages : 817 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)
Download or read book Foundations of Macroecology written by Felisa A. Smith and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-08-22 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macroecology is an approach to science that emphasizes the description and explanation of patterns and processes at large spatial and temporal scales. Some scientists liken it to seeing the forest through the trees, giving the proverbial phrase an ecological twist. The term itself was first introduced to the modern literature by James H. Brown and Brian A. Maurer in a 1989 paper, and it is Brown’s classic 1995 study, Macroecology, that is credited with inspiring the broad-scale subfield of ecology. But as with all subfields, many modern-day elements of macroecology are implicit in earlier works dating back decades, even centuries. Foundations of Macroecology charts the evolutionary trajectory of these concepts—from the species-area relationship and the latitudinal gradient of species richness to the relationship between body size and metabolic rate—through forty-six landmark papers originally published between 1920 and 1998. Divided into two parts—“Macroecology before Macroecology” and “Dimensions of Macroecology”—the collection also takes the long view, with each paper accompanied by an original commentary from a contemporary expert in the field that places it in a broader context and explains its foundational role. Providing a solid, coherent assessment of the history, current state, and potential future of the field, Foundations of Macroecology will be an essential text for students and teachers of ecology alike.
Author : Steven Vogel
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 069121297X
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)
Download or read book Life in Moving Fluids written by Steven Vogel and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both a landmark text and reference book, Steven Vogel's Life in Moving Fluids has also played a catalytic role in research involving the applications of fluid mechanics to biology. In this revised edition, Vogel continues to combine humor and clear explanations as he addresses biologists and general readers interested in biological fluid mechanics, offering updates on the field over the last dozen years and expanding the coverage of the biological literature. His discussion of the relationship between fluid flow and biological design now includes sections on jet propulsion, biological pumps, swimming, blood flow, and surface waves, and on acceleration reaction and Murray’s law. This edition contains an extensive bibliography for readers interested in designing their own experiments.
Author : Akira Azuma
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 4431682104
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (316 download)
Download or read book The Biokinetics of Flying and Swimming written by Akira Azuma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a mechanical perspective, an animal's shape and the topological connection of its organs are important factors in locomotion. This book describes the physical relationships between form, habitat, way of life, and movement in living creatures. It includes in-depth mechanical and mathematical analyses of the way in which creatures move about, and it also investigates dispersal modes of plants and animals within the framework of flying and swimming. The book is written from the viewpoint of mechanics, specifically fluid dynamics and flight dynamics, rather than from that of physiology and ecology. It will prove a useful reference for aeronautical and mechanical engineers as well as for biologists who use mechanical analyses in the study of behaviour, function, and locomotion.
Author : Mark Denny
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674048547
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)
Download or read book Engineering Animals written by Mark Denny and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-16 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From an engineer’s perspective, how do specialized adaptations among living things really work? Writing with wit and a richly informed sense of wonder, Denny and Alan offer an expert look at animals—including humans—as works of evolutionary engineering, each exquisitely adapted to a specific manner of survival.
Author : Robert W. Blake
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 : 9780521243032
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (43 download)
Download or read book Fish Locomotion written by Robert W. Blake and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1983-05-26 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : W. Hoppe
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642688772
Total Pages : 967 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)
Download or read book Biophysics written by W. Hoppe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 967 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is biophysics? As with all subjects which straddle traditional boundaries between fields, it eludes a precise definition. Furthermore, it is impossible to do biophysics without having a certain foundation of knowledge in biology, physics, physical chemistry, chemistry and biochemistry. One approach to a biophysics textbook would be to refer the student to the literature of these neighboring fields, and to leave the selection of the appropriate supplementary material up to the student. The editors of this volume are of the opinion that it is more useful and less time-consuming to present a selection of the supplementary knowledge, in concentrated form, together with the subject matter specific to biophysics. The reader will thus find in this book introductions to such subjects as the structure and function of the cell, the chemical structure of biogenic macromolecules, and even theoretical chemistry. What, indeed, is biophysics? Must we consider it to include physiology, electromedicine, radiation medicine, etc. ? The field has evolved continuously in recent years. Molecular understanding oflife processes has come more and more to the fore. Just as the field of molecular physics has developed to describe structures and processes in the realm of non-living systems, there has been a corresponding development of molecular biophysics.
