Scaffolds in Tissue EngineeringMaterials, Technologies and Clinical Applications

Download Scaffolds in Tissue EngineeringMaterials, Technologies and Clinical Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535136410
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Scaffolds in Tissue EngineeringMaterials, Technologies and Clinical Applications by : Francesco Baino

Download or read book Scaffolds in Tissue EngineeringMaterials, Technologies and Clinical Applications written by Francesco Baino and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomaterials are often designed to act as scaffolds, i.e., 3D porous templates that support and stimulate the growth of healthy tissue and then safely dissolve once they have performed their functions. This book provides a picture of the current state of the art in the field of scaffolds for tissue engineering, highlighting the potential associated to the latest scientific and technological advancements. The former part of the book focuses on the repair of "hard" tissues (primarily bone) by means of bioceramic/glass scaffolds, and the latter deals with the applications of polymeric scaffolds for regenerating "soft" tissues and structures including the peripheral nerve, heart, gastric mucosa and pancreas. Special emphasis is given to the challenges associated to scaffold manufacturing, biomimetic properties and cell-scaffold interactions.

Functional 3D Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

Download Functional 3D Tissue Engineering Scaffolds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081009801
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Functional 3D Tissue Engineering Scaffolds by : Ying Deng

Download or read book Functional 3D Tissue Engineering Scaffolds written by Ying Deng and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-10-17 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to grow replacement tissues, 3D scaffolds are widely used as a template for tissue engineering and regeneration. These scaffolds, which are typically 'seeded' with cells, support the growth of new tissues. However, in order to achieve successful tissue growth, the scaffold must meet specific requirements and are often 'functionalized' to accentuate particular properties. Functional 3D tissue engineering scaffolds: materials, technologies, and applications, is a comprehensive review of functional 3D scaffolds, providing information on the fundamentals, technologies, and applications. Part 1 focuses on the fundamentals of 3D tissue scaffolds, examining information on materials, properties, and trends. Part 2 discusses a wide range of conventional technologies for engineering functional 3D scaffolds, leading the way to a discussion on CAD and advanced technologies for functional 3D scaffold engineering. Chapters in part 3 study methods for functionalizing scaffolds to support a variety of in vivo functions whilst the final set of chapters provides an important review of the most significant applications of functional 3D scaffolds within tissue engineering. This book is a valuable resource for biomaterial scientists and biomedical engineers in academia and industry, with interests in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. - Provides a self-contained work for the field of biomaterials and tissue engineering - Discusses all the requirements a scaffold must meet and a wide range of strategies to create them - Highlights significant and successful applications of functional 3D scaffolds

Handbook of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Volume Two

Download Handbook of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Volume Two PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780081025611
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (256 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Volume Two by : Masoud Mozafari

Download or read book Handbook of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Volume Two written by Masoud Mozafari and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Volume Two provides a comprehensive and authoritative review on recent advancements in the application and use of composite scaffolds in tissue engineering. Chapters focus on specific tissue/organ (mostly on the structure and anatomy), the materials used for treatment, natural composite scaffolds, synthetic composite scaffolds, fabrication techniques, innovative materials and approaches for scaffolds preparation, host response to the scaffolds, challenges and future perspectives, and more. Bringing all the information together in one major reference, the authors systematically review and summarize recent research findings, thus providing an in-depth understanding of scaffold use in different body systems.

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Download Peripheral Nerve Regeneration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889632687
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Peripheral Nerve Regeneration by : Giovanna Gambarotta

Download or read book Peripheral Nerve Regeneration written by Giovanna Gambarotta and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-12-24 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Tissue Engineering

Download Tissue Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124202101
Total Pages : 891 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (242 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tissue Engineering by : Clemens van Blitterswijk

Download or read book Tissue Engineering written by Clemens van Blitterswijk and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-10 with total page 891 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tissue Engineering is a comprehensive introduction to the engineering and biological aspects of this critical subject. With contributions from internationally renowned authors, it provides a broad perspective on tissue engineering for students coming to the subject for the first time. In addition to the key topics covered in the previous edition, this update also includes new material on the regulatory authorities, commercial considerations as well as new chapters on microfabrication, materiomics and cell/biomaterial interface. - Effectively reviews major foundational topics in tissue engineering in a clear and accessible fashion - Includes state of the art experiments presented in break-out boxes, chapter objectives, chapter summaries, and multiple choice questions to aid learning - New edition contains material on regulatory authorities and commercial considerations in tissue engineering

Bone Tissue Engineering

Download Bone Tissue Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1135501912
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (355 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Bone Tissue Engineering by : Jeffrey O. Hollinger

Download or read book Bone Tissue Engineering written by Jeffrey O. Hollinger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-10-14 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on bone biology, Bone Tissue Engineering integrates basic sciences with tissue engineering. It includes contributions from world-renowned researchers and clinicians who discuss key topics such as different models and approaches to bone tissue engineering, as well as exciting clinical applications for patients. Divided into four sections, t

Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Download Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9814463213
Total Pages : 671 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering by : Claudio Migliaresi

Download or read book Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering written by Claudio Migliaresi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-06-10 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scaffolds for tissue engineering are devices that exploit specific and complex physical and biological functions, in vitro or in vivo, and communicate through biochemical and physical signals with cells and, when implanted, with the body environment. Scaffolds are produced mainly with synthetic materials, and their fabrication technologies are deri

Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Download Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9814745138
Total Pages : 1480 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine by : Gilson Khang

Download or read book Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine written by Gilson Khang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 1480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of patients suffer from end-stage organ failure or tissue loss annually, and the only solution might be organ and/or tissue transplantation. To avoid poor biocompatibility–related problems and donor organ shortage, however, around 20 years ago a new, hybridized method combining cells and biomaterials was introduced as an alternative to whole-organ and tissue transplantation for diseased, failing, or malfunctioning organs—regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This handbook focuses on all aspects of intelligent scaffolds, from basic science to industry to clinical applications. Its 10 parts, illustrated throughout with excellent figures, cover stem cell engineering research, drug delivery systems, nanomaterials and nanodevices, and novel and natural biomaterials. The book can be used by advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students of stem cell and tissue engineering and researchers in macromolecular science, ceramics, metals for biomaterials, nanotechnology, chemistry, biology, and medicine, especially those interested in tissue engineering, stem cell engineering, and regenerative medicine.

Smart Materials for Tissue Engineering

Download Smart Materials for Tissue Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1782624848
Total Pages : 715 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Smart Materials for Tissue Engineering by : Qun Wang

Download or read book Smart Materials for Tissue Engineering written by Qun Wang and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensively covering the applications of smart materials for clinical applications, this book will be a valuable resource to biochemists, materials scientists and biomedical engineers working in industry and academia.

Frontiers in Tissue Engineering

Download Frontiers in Tissue Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080532055
Total Pages : 717 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Frontiers in Tissue Engineering by : C.W. Patrick

Download or read book Frontiers in Tissue Engineering written by C.W. Patrick and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-02-20 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontiers in Tissue Engineering is a carefully edited compilation of state-of-the-art contributions from an international authorship of experts in the diverse subjects that make up tissue engineering. A broad representation of the medical, scientific, industrial and regulatory community is detailed in the book. The work is an authoritative and comprehensive reference source for scientists and clinicians working in this emerging field. The book is divided into three parts: fundamentals and methods of tissue engineering, tissue engineering applied to specialised tissues, and tissue engineering applied to organs. The text offers many novel approaches, including a detailed coverage of cell-tissue interactions at cellular and molecular levels; cell-tissue surface, biochemical, and mechanical environments; biomaterials; engineering design; tissue-organ function; new approaches to tissue-organ regeneration and replacement of function; ethical considerations of tissue engineering; and government regulation of tissue-engineered products.

Nanotechnology Applications for Tissue Engineering

Download Nanotechnology Applications for Tissue Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0323353037
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (233 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanotechnology Applications for Tissue Engineering by : Sabu Thomas

Download or read book Nanotechnology Applications for Tissue Engineering written by Sabu Thomas and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2015-01-03 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tissue engineering involves seeding of cells on bio-mimicked scaffolds providing adhesive surfaces. Researchers though face a range of problems in generating tissue which can be circumvented by employing nanotechnology. It provides substrates for cell adhesion and proliferation and agents for cell growth and can be used to create nanostructures and nanoparticles to aid the engineering of different types of tissue. Written by renowned scientists from academia and industry, this book covers the recent developments, trends and innovations in the application of nanotechnologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It provides information on methodologies for designing and using biomaterials to regenerate tissue, on novel nano-textured surface features of materials (nano-structured polymers and metals e.g.) as well as on theranostics, immunology and nano-toxicology aspects. In the book also explained are fabrication techniques for production of scaffolds to a series of tissue-specific applications of scaffolds in tissue engineering for specific biomaterials and several types of tissue (such as skin bone, cartilage, vascular, cardiac, bladder and brain tissue). Furthermore, developments in nano drug delivery, gene therapy and cancer nanotechonology are described. The book helps readers to gain a working knowledge about the nanotechnology aspects of tissue engineering and will be of great use to those involved in building specific tissue substitutes in reaching their objective in a more efficient way. It is aimed for R&D and academic scientists, lab engineers, lecturers and PhD students engaged in the fields of tissue engineering or more generally regenerative medicine, nanomedicine, medical devices, nanofabrication, biofabrication, nano- and biomaterials and biomedical engineering. - Provides state-of-the-art knowledge on how nanotechnology can help tackling known problems in tissue engineering - Covers materials design, fabrication techniques for tissue-specific applications as well as immunology and toxicology aspects - Helps scientists and lab engineers building tissue substitutes in a more efficient way

Bioceramics and Biocomposites

Download Bioceramics and Biocomposites PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119372143
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Bioceramics and Biocomposites by : Iulian Antoniac

Download or read book Bioceramics and Biocomposites written by Iulian Antoniac and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-04 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive coverage of the research into and clinical uses of bioceramics and biocomposites Developments related to bioceramics and biocomposites appear to be one the most dynamic areas in the field of biomaterials, with multiple applications in tissue engineering and medical devices. This book covers the basic science and engineering of bioceramics and biocomposites for applications in dentistry and orthopedics, as well as the state-of-the-art aspects of biofabrication techniques, tissue engineering, remodeling, and regeneration of bone tissue. It also provides insight into the use of bionanomaterials to create new functionalities when interfaced with biological molecules or structures. Featuring contributions from leading experts in the field, Bioceramics and Biocomposites: From Research to Use in Clinical Practice offers complete coverage of everything from extending the concept of hemopoietic and stromal niches, to the evolution of bioceramic-based scaffolds. It looks at perspectives on and trends in bioceramics in endodontics, and discusses the influence of newer biomaterials use on the structuring of the clinician’s attitude in dental practice or in orthopedic surgery. The book also covers such topics as biofabrication techniques for bioceramics and biocomposites; glass ceramics: calcium phosphate coatings; brain drug delivery bone substitutes; and much more. Presents the biggest trends in bioceramics and biocomposites relating to medical devices and tissue engineering products Systematically presents new information about bioceramics and biocomposites, developing diagnostics and improving treatments and their influence on the clinicians' approaches Describes how to use these biomaterials to create new functionalities when interfaced with biological molecules or structures Offers a range of applications in clinical practice, including bone tissue engineering, remodeling, and regeneration Delineates essential requirements for resorbable bioceramics Discusses clinical results obtained in dental and orthopedic applications Bioceramics and Biocomposites: From Research to Use in Clinical Practice is an excellent resource for biomaterials scientists and engineers, bioengineers, materials scientists, and engineers. It will also benefit mechanical engineers and biochemists who work with biomaterials scientists.

Advances In Tissue Engineering

Download Advances In Tissue Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 1908978902
Total Pages : 947 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances In Tissue Engineering by : Julia M Polak

Download or read book Advances In Tissue Engineering written by Julia M Polak and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008-08-20 with total page 947 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Tissue Engineering is a unique volume and the first of its kind to bring together leading names in the field of tissue engineering and stem cell research. A relatively young science, tissue engineering can be seen in both scientific and sociological contexts and successes in the field are now leading to clinical reality. This book attempts to define the path from basic science to practical application. A contribution from the UK Stem Cell Bank and opinions of venture capitalists offer a variety of viewpoints, and exciting new areas of stem cell biology are highlighted. With over fifty stellar contributors, this book presents the most up-to-date information in this very topical and exciting field./a

Advances in Regenerative Medicine: Role of Nanotechnology, and Engineering Principles

Download Advances in Regenerative Medicine: Role of Nanotechnology, and Engineering Principles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048187885
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Regenerative Medicine: Role of Nanotechnology, and Engineering Principles by : Venkatram Prasad Shastri

Download or read book Advances in Regenerative Medicine: Role of Nanotechnology, and Engineering Principles written by Venkatram Prasad Shastri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-14 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on “Nanoengineered Systems for Regenerative Medicine” that was organized under the auspices of the NATO Security through Science Program. I would like to thank NATO for supporting this workshop via a grant to the co-directors. The objective of ARW was to explore the various facets of regenerative me- cine and to highlight role of the “the nano-length scale” and “nano-scale systems” in defining and controlling cell and tissue environments. The development of novel tissue regenerative strategies require the integration of new insights emerging from studies of cell-matrix interactions, cellular signalling processes, developmental and systems biology, into biomaterials design, via a systems approach. The chapters in the book, written by the leading experts in their respective disciplines, cover a wide spectrum of topics ranging from stem cell biology, developmental biology, ce- matrix interactions, and matrix biology to surface science, materials processing and drug delivery. We hope the contents of the book will provoke the readership into developing regenerative medicine paradigms that combine these facets into cli- cally translatable solutions. This NATO meeting would not have been successful without the timely help of Dr. Ulrike Shastri, Sanjeet Rangarajan and Ms. Sabine Benner, who assisted in the organization and implementation of various elements of this meeting. Thanks are also due Dr. Fausto Pedrazzini and Ms. Alison Trapp at NATO HQ (Brussels, Belgium). The commitment and persistence of Ms.

Biomaterials for Artificial Organs

Download Biomaterials for Artificial Organs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857090844
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biomaterials for Artificial Organs by : Michael Lysaght

Download or read book Biomaterials for Artificial Organs written by Michael Lysaght and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-12-20 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The worldwide demand for organ transplants far exceeds available donor organs. Consequently some patients die whilst waiting for a transplant. Synthetic alternatives are therefore imperative to improve the quality of, and in some cases, save people's lives. Advances in biomaterials have generated a range of materials and devices for use either outside the body or through implantation to replace or assist functions which may have been lost through disease or injury. Biomaterials for artificial organs reviews the latest developments in biomaterials and investigates how they can be used to improve the quality and efficiency of artificial organs.Part one discusses commodity biomaterials including membranes for oxygenators and plasmafilters, titanium and cobalt chromium alloys for hips and knees, polymeric joint-bearing surfaces for total joint replacements, biomaterials for pacemakers, defibrillators and neurostimulators and mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valves. Part two goes on to investigate advanced and next generation biomaterials including small intestinal submucosa and other decullarized matrix biomaterials for tissue repair, new ceramics and composites for joint replacement surgery, biomaterials for improving the blood and tissue compatibility of total artificial hearts (TAH) and ventricular assist devices (VAD), nanostructured biomaterials for artificial tissues and organs and matrices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors Biomaterials for artificial organs is an invaluable resource to researchers, scientists and academics concerned with the advancement of artificial organs. - Reviews the latest developments in biomaterials and investigates how they can be used to improve the quality and efficiency of artificial organs - Discusses commodity biomaterials including membranes for oxygenators and cobalt chromium alloys for hips and knees and polymeric joint-bearing surfaces for total joint replacements - Further biomaterials utilised in pacemakers, defibrillators, neurostimulators and mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valve are also explored

Scaffolding In Tissue Engineering

Download Scaffolding In Tissue Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420027565
Total Pages : 656 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Scaffolding In Tissue Engineering by : Peter X. Ma

Download or read book Scaffolding In Tissue Engineering written by Peter X. Ma and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-08-19 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing interest in scaffolding design and increasing research programs dedicated to regenerative medicine corroborate the need for Scaffolding in Tissue Engineering. While certain books and journal articles address various aspects in the field, this is the first current, comprehensive text focusing on scaffolding for tissue engineering.

Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine

Download Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119754747
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine by : Costica Caizer

Download or read book Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine written by Costica Caizer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine Explores the application of magnetic nanoparticles in drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and alternative cancer therapy Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine addresses recent progress in improving diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and using non-invasive and non-toxic magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and magnetic hyperthermia. Focusing on cancer diagnosis and alternative therapy, the book covers both fundamental principles and advanced theoretical and experimental research on the magnetic properties, biocompatibilization, biofunctionalization, and application of magnetic nanoparticles in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. Chapters written by a panel of international specialists in the field of magnetic nanoparticles and their applications in biomedicine cover magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), MRI contrast agents, biomedical imaging, modeling and simulation, nanobiotechnology, toxicity issues, and more. Readers are provided with accurate information on the use of magnetic nanoparticles in diagnosis, drug delivery, and alternative cancer therapeutics—featuring discussion of current problems, proposed solutions, and future research directions. Topics include current applications of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in nanomedicine and alternative cancer therapy: drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, superparamagnetic hyperthermia as alternative cancer therapy, magnetic hyperthermia in clinical trials, and simulating the physics of magnetic particle heating for cancer therapy. This comprehensive volume: Covers both general research on magnetic nanoparticles in medicine and specific applications in cancer therapeutics Discusses the use of magnetic nanoparticles in alternative cancer therapy by magnetic and superparamagnetic hyperthermia Explores targeted medication delivery using magnetic nanoparticles as a future replacement of conventional techniques Reviews the use of MRI with magnetic nanoparticles to increase the diagnostic accuracy of medical imaging Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine is a valuable resource for researchers in the fields of nanomagnetism, magnetic nanoparticles, nanobiomaterials, nanobioengineering, biopharmaceuticals nanobiotechnologies, nanomedicine, and biopharmaceuticals, particularly those focused on alternative cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.