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Satellite Based Stratospheric And Tropospheric Measurements Determination Of Global Ozone And Other Trace Species
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Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721567058 Total Pages :26 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (67 download)
Book Synopsis Satellite-Based Stratospheric and Tropospheric Measurements by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Satellite-Based Stratospheric and Tropospheric Measurements written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This grant is an extension to our previous NASA Grant NAG5-3461, providing incremental funding to continue GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) and SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) studies. This report summarizes research done under these grants through December 31, 2002. The research performed during this reporting period includes development and maintenance of scientific software for the GOME retrieval algorithms, consultation on operational software development for GOME, consultation and development for SCIAMACHY near-real-time (NRT) and off-line (OL) data products, and participation in initial SCIAMACHY validation studies. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment was successfully launched on the ERS-2 satellite on April 20, 1995, and remains working in normal fashion. SCIAMACHY was launched March 1, 2002 on the ESA Envisat satellite. Three GOME-2 instruments are now scheduled to fly on the Metop series of operational meteorological satellites (Eumetsat). K. Chance is a member of the reconstituted GOME Scientific Advisory Group, which will guide the GOME-2 program as well as the continuing ERS-2 GOME program. Chance, Kelly Goddard Space Flight Center
Book Synopsis Sounding the Troposphere from Space by : Peter Borrell
Download or read book Sounding the Troposphere from Space written by Peter Borrell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now possible to determine concentrations of trace constituents and pollutants in the lower atmosphere from space, a development which heralds a new era for tropospheric chemistry. The authors describe how to develop and validate methods for determining tropospheric trace constituents from satellite data, to encourage the use of these data by atmospheric chemists, and to explore the undoubted synergism which will develop between satellite and ground-based measurements, and will eventually give rise to a permanent observation system for the troposphere. The book comprises several comprehensive overviews, prepared by acknowledged experts in the field, together with a series of individual reports from investigators whose work represents the cutting edge of the subject. A variety of results, giving global distributions of several species and their modelling are reported. Most results stem from ESA satellite data, but there is also an account of the North American work in this field which has mainly concentrated on global distributions of ozone. It is fair to say that the field, as it develops, will revolutionize the way in which atmospheric chemistry is done. This timely book provides a good introduction for anyone with an interest in the future of the troposphere.
Book Synopsis Tropospheric Ozone by : Ivar S.A. Isaksen
Download or read book Tropospheric Ozone written by Ivar S.A. Isaksen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of the workshop was to increase our knowledge of ozone formation and distribution in the troposphere, its relation to precursor (NO~ and HC species) distribution, how it is affected by transport processes in the troposphere, and to show how the increasing levels of ozone can cause environmental problem. The focus was on the interaction of ozone on regional and global scales. There is mounting evidence that such interactions occur and that the ozone levels are increasing in most of the Northern Hemisphere tropo sphere. A likely source of ozone increase is human activity. As result of this, tropospheric climate may change significantly within a few decades, either through direct effects by ozone itself or indirectly through its effect on other radiatively active trace species. Further more, ozone may have adverse effects on vegetation over large continental areas due to enhanced levels which have been measured to take place. As it is well known that ozone plays a key role in the oxidation of a large number of chemical species in the troposphere, natural as well as man-made, the atmospheric distribution of important trace species like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons could be markedly changed as a result of ozone changes. The rapidly increasing interest in tropospheric ozone, and the key role ozone plays in several atmospheric areas as well the obvious increase in the tropospheric concentration of ozone made ozone a natural choice as a topic for the workshop.
Book Synopsis Scientific assessment of stratospheric ozone, 1989 by :
Download or read book Scientific assessment of stratospheric ozone, 1989 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher :Independently Published ISBN 13 :9781723882951 Total Pages :52 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (829 download)
Book Synopsis Sao Participation in the Gome and Sciamachy Satellite Instrument Programs by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book Sao Participation in the Gome and Sciamachy Satellite Instrument Programs written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-21 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the progress on our three-year program of research to refine the measurement capability for satellite-based instruments that monitor ozone and other trace species in the Earth's stratosphere and troposphere, to retrieve global distributions of these and other constituents h m the GOME and SCIAMACHY satellite instruments, and to conduct scientific studies for the ILAS instruments. This continues our involvements as a U.S. participant in GOME and SCIAMACHY since their inception, and as a member of the ILAS-II Science Team. These programs have led to the launch of the first satellite instrument specifically designed to measure height-resolved ozone, including the tropospheric component (GOME), and the development of the first satellite instrument that will measure tropospheric ozone simultaneously with NO2, CO, HCHO, N2O, H2O, and CH4 (SCIAMACHY). The GOME program now includes the GOME-2 instruments, to be launched on the Eumetsat Metop satellites, providing long-term continuity in European measurements of global ozone that complement the measurements of the TOMS, SBUV, OMI, OMPS instruments. The research primarily focuses on two areas: Data analysis, including algorithm development and validation studies that will improve the quality of retrieved data products, in support for future field campaigns (to complement in situ and airborne campaigns with satellite measurements), and scientific analyses to be interfaced to atmospheric modeling studies.Hilsenrath, Ernest (Technical Monitor) and Chance, Kelly and Kurosu, ThomasGoddard Space Flight CenterATMOSPHERIC MODELS; METHANE; OZONE; SATELLITE INSTRUMENTS; TRACE ELEMENTS; SATELLITE OBSERVATION; SOLAR BACKSCATTER UV SPECTROMETER; TOTAL OZONE MAPPING SPECTROMETER; TROPOSPHERE
Book Synopsis Investigation of Tropospheric Pollutants and Stratospheric Ozone Using Infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometers from the Ground, Space and Balloons by : Debora Maria Griffin
Download or read book Investigation of Tropospheric Pollutants and Stratospheric Ozone Using Infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometers from the Ground, Space and Balloons written by Debora Maria Griffin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focusses on transport and composition of boreal fire plumes, evolution of trace gases in the Arctic, multi-year comparisons of ground-based and satellite-borne instruments, and depletion of Arctic ozone. Two similar Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) instruments were utilized: (1) the ground-based and balloon-borne Portable Atmospheric Research Interferometric Spectrometer for the InfraRed (PARIS-IR) and (2) the space-borne Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) FTS. Additional datasets, from other satellite and ground-based instruments, as well as Chemical Transport Models (CTMs) complemented the analysis. Transport and composition of boreal fire plumes were analysed with PARIS-IR measurements taken in Halifax, Nova Scotia. This study analysed the retrievals of different FTSs and investigated transport and composition of a smoke plume utilizing various models. The CO retrievals of three different FTSs (PARIS-IR, DA8, and IASI) were consistent and detected a smoke plume between 19 and 21 July 2011. These measurements were similar to the concentrations computed by GEOS-Chem (~3% for CO and ~8% for C2H6). Multi-year comparisons (2006-2013) of ground-based and satellite-borne FTSs near Eureka, Nunavut were carried out utilizing measurements from PARIS-IR, the Bruker 125HR and ACEFTS. The mean and interannual differences between the datasets were investigated for eight species (ozone, HCl, HNO3, HF, CH4, N2O, CO, and C2H6) and good agreement between these instruments was found. Furthermore, the evolution of the eight gases was investigated and increasing ozone, HCl, HF, CH4 and C2H6 were found. Springtime Arctic ozone depletion was studied, where six different methods to estimate ozone depletion were evaluated using the ACE-FTS dataset. It was shown that CH4, N2O, HF, and CCl2F2 are suitable tracers to estimate the ozone loss. The loss estimates (mixing ratioand partial column) are consistent for all six methods. Finally, PARIS-IR was prepared for a balloon-borne measurement campaign and a new suntracker for these measurements was designed and tested. The balloon was launched in September 2015. The suntracker performed with a ¹0.04° accuracy. From the balloon-borne sunset spectra, an ozone profile was retrieved and is consistent with measurements from a nearby ozonesonde within approximately 10 %.
Book Synopsis Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Part 1 by :
Download or read book Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Part 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition from Space by : John P. Burrows
Download or read book The Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition from Space written by John P. Burrows and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of anthropogenic activities on our atmospheric environment is of growing public concern and satellite-based techniques now provide an essential component of observational strategies on regional and global scales. The purpose of this book is to summarise the state of the art in the field in general, while describing both key techniques and findings in particular. It opens with an historical perspective of the field together with the basic principles of remote sensing from space. Three chapters follow on the techniques and on the solutions to the problems associated with the various spectral regions in which observations are made. The particular challenges posed by aerosols and clouds are covered in the next two chapters. Of special importance is the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing data and these issues are covered in a chapter on validation. The final section of the book is concerned with the exploitation of data, with chapters on observational aspects, which includes both individual and synergistic studies, and on the comparison of global and regional observations with chemical transport and climate models and the added value that the interaction brings to both. The book concludes with scientific needs and likely future developments in the field, and the necessary actions to be taken if we are to have the global observation system that the Earth needs in its present, deteriorating state. The appendices provide a comprehensive list of satellite instruments, global representations of some ancillary data such as fire counts and light pollution, a list of abbreviations and acronyms, and a set of colourful timelines indicating the satellite coverage of tropospheric composition in the foreseeable future. Altogether, this book will be a timely reference and overview for anyone working at the interface of environmental, atmospheric and space sciences.
Book Synopsis Chlorine, Fluorine and Water in the Stratosphere [electronic Resource] : Chemistry, Transport and Trends Based on ACE-FTS Measurements by : Nassar, Raymond
Download or read book Chlorine, Fluorine and Water in the Stratosphere [electronic Resource] : Chemistry, Transport and Trends Based on ACE-FTS Measurements written by Nassar, Raymond and published by University of Waterloo. This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Climate Change by : Rolf Müller (physicien.)
Download or read book Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Climate Change written by Rolf Müller (physicien.) and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, several new concepts have emerged in the field of stratospheric ozone depletion, creating a need for a concise in-depth publication covering the ozone-climate issue. This monograph fills that void in the literature and gives detailed treatment of recent advances in the field of stratospheric ozone depletion. It puts particular emphasis on the coupling between changes in the ozone layer and atmospheric change caused by a changing climate. The book, written by leading experts in the field, brings the reader the most recent research in this area and fills the gap between advanced textbooks and assessments.
Book Synopsis Optimal Determination of Global Tropospheric OH Concentrations Using Multiple Trace Gases by : Jin Huang
Download or read book Optimal Determination of Global Tropospheric OH Concentrations Using Multiple Trace Gases written by Jin Huang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hydroxyl radical (OH) plays a decisive role in tropospheric chemistry. Reactions with OH provide the dominant path of removal for a variety of greenhouse gases and trace species that contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer. Accurate determination of global tropospheric OH concentrations [OH] is therefore a very important issue. Previous research at the global scale has focused on scaling model-calculated OH concentration fields using a single so-called titrating species, either CH3CC13 or 14 CO, and the data usually come from one measurement network. Therefore, the estimation of [OH] relies heavily on the accuracy of the emission estimates and absolute calibration of the observed mixing ratios of that single species. The goal of this thesis is to reduce the dependence of estimating [OH) fields on a single species and thus to improve our knowledge of global OH concentrations and trends. To achieve this goal, we developed a multiple titrating gases scheme which combines all the possible available surface measurements of CH3CC13, CHF2C1 (HCFC-22), CH2FCF3 (HFC-134a), CH3CFC12 (HCFC-141b) and CH3CF 2C1 (HCFC- 142b) from both AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) and CMDL/NOAH (Nitrous Oxide And Halocompounds) networks. The optimal estimation of the global OH concentration and its trend is accomplished through a Kalman filtering procedure by minimizing the weighted difference between the predicted mixing ratios from atmospheric chemical-transport models and, for the first time, all the measurements of the various titrating gases simultaneously. A two dimensional land-ocean-resolving (LO) statisticaldynamical model and a 12-box model are used to predict the concentrations of the titrating gases. These two models are computationally efficient, and suitable for repetitive runs and long term integrations. The eddy-diffusive transports in the 12-box model and the 2D-LO model are tuned optimally by using the Kalman filtering and CFC-11 and CFC-12 data before the estimations of OH are carried out. Three different techniques (content method, trend method, and time-varying OH method) are used to perform the Kalman filtering. These three methods optimally fit different features of the measurements and have different sources of errors. Errors in the measurements, industrial emission estimates, and chemical-transport models are included in great detail for the OH estimation problem. The random measurement errors and mismatch errors are included in the noise matrix in the Kalman filter. For other random errors from the emission estimates and chemical-transport models, we use the Q-inclusion method which specifies the random model errors explicitly in the state error matrix Q inside the Kalman filtering. For systematic errors in the calibration, model, and emissions, we use the brute-force method which repeats the entire inverse method many times using different possible values of the measurement sensitivity matrix in the Kalman filtering. Using multiple gases, both CMDL and AGAGE data, two chemical-transport models, and selected content and trend results, our best estimate of the global mean tropospheric OH concentrations is 9.4+2.7/1.7 x 105 radicals cm-3, and our best estimate of the linear OH trend is -0.5±tL1.0% per year over the 1978-1998 time period. Methyl chloroform data give the heaviest weight to the overall estimations. This is because there are more CH3CC13 measurements than for any other titrating gases, and the industrial emission estimates of this gas are the most accurate. The derived OH estimations agree statistically with previous studies taking into account the fact that the negative OH trend derived here relies heavily on the 1993-1998 CH3CCl3 data. For example, a global mean OH concentration of (9.7 ± 0.6) x 105 radicals cm- 3 and an OH trend of 0.0 ± 0.2% per year over the 1978-1993 are reported in Prinn et al. (1995). As far as the major sources of error in the OH estimations are concerned, we find that, using individual gases separately, the uncertainties in absolute calibrations, rate constants, and industrial emissions estimates are important sources of error for all five titrating gases. The measurement errors and the initial a priori guesses in the Kalman filter are also important sources of error for the three newer titrating gases (HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, and HFC-134a) because of their very low mole fractions as well as the short measurement records for these gases. Combining multiple OH titrating gases together, we find that errors in industrial emissions contribute the most to the uncertainty in the OH estimation problem. We also find that incorporating random model errors (other than mismatch errors) using the Q-inclusion method generates satisfactory agreement for best guess estimates with the approach in which Q = 0 in the Kalman filter. However the Q-inclusion method provides an estimate of the effect of random model error. Newer titrating gases generally yield OH estimates comparable to those from CH3CCl3 but with larger uncertainties. One of the exceptions is using HCFC-142b data with the content method, which yields a physically impossible negative OH concentration because of the underestimates of emissions for this gas. However, the trend method using HCFC-142b data still delivers reasonable OH estimations, because the trend method is not sensitive to systematic errors. The measurements of the newer OH titrating gases can be used effectively with appropriate techniques to ultimately replace the use of CH3CC13 (which is disappearing from the atmosphere), provided estimates of their emissions are improved. This is particularly true for HCFC-142b. In addition to the OH estimations, a time-varying adaptive-Kalman filter is also utilized in this thesis to deduce monthly emissions of HCFC-141b and HCFC-142b. We find that the current industrial estimates of HCFC-142b need to be at least doubled, and the emissions of HCFC-141b need to be increased by 20 to 30% to achieve the best agreement with observations.
Book Synopsis Stratospheric Ozone and Man by : Frank A. Bower
Download or read book Stratospheric Ozone and Man written by Frank A. Bower and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book, as originally conceived, was to be limited to technical considerations, but the scientific course of event has been so interwoven with non-scientific, but nevertheless related events, the authors felt necessary to include an account of this situation. Accordingly, the book is divided into five sections entitled: Stratospheric ozone Atmospheric processes influencing stratospheric ozone Does man influence stratospheric ozone Effects and research Public policy
Book Synopsis Twenty Questions and Answers about the Ozone Layer by : Michaela I. Hegglin
Download or read book Twenty Questions and Answers about the Ozone Layer written by Michaela I. Hegglin and published by . This book was released on 2017-03 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bulletin by : United Nations Environment Programme
Download or read book Bulletin written by United Nations Environment Programme and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry by : Daniel J. Jacob
Download or read book Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry written by Daniel J. Jacob and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric chemistry is one of the fastest growing fields in the earth sciences. Until now, however, there has been no book designed to help students capture the essence of the subject in a brief course of study. Daniel Jacob, a leading researcher and teacher in the field, addresses that problem by presenting the first textbook on atmospheric chemistry for a one-semester course. Based on the approach he developed in his class at Harvard, Jacob introduces students in clear and concise chapters to the fundamentals as well as the latest ideas and findings in the field. Jacob's aim is to show students how to use basic principles of physics and chemistry to describe a complex system such as the atmosphere. He also seeks to give students an overview of the current state of research and the work that led to this point. Jacob begins with atmospheric structure, design of simple models, atmospheric transport, and the continuity equation, and continues with geochemical cycles, the greenhouse effect, aerosols, stratospheric ozone, the oxidizing power of the atmosphere, smog, and acid rain. Each chapter concludes with a problem set based on recent scientific literature. This is a novel approach to problem-set writing, and one that successfully introduces students to the prevailing issues. This is a major contribution to a growing area of study and will be welcomed enthusiastically by students and teachers alike.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing by : Eni Njoku
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing written by Eni Njoku and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first encyclopaedic reference on remote sensing describes the concepts, techniques, instrumentation, data analysis, interpretation, and applications of remote sensing, both airborne and space-based. Scientists, engineers, academics, and students can quickly access answers to their reference questions and direction for further study.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher :Independently Published ISBN 13 :9781724009197 Total Pages :30 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Development of the Double Etalon Fabry-Perot Interferometer for Determining Total and Tropospheric Ozone Concentrations by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book Development of the Double Etalon Fabry-Perot Interferometer for Determining Total and Tropospheric Ozone Concentrations written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-25 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measuring and understanding the distribution of ozone through the lower levels of Earth's atmosphere are high priorities in global change and climate research. Of particular interest now is the global distribution of ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Global coverage of the stratospheric ozone is feasible only via remote sensing instruments on a space-based platform. And though extensive monitoring tropospheric ozone is possible using instruments flown aboard conventional aircraft, a space-based system would be significantly less costly and provide information over a much broader area and produce more uniform coverage. Here we describe the prototype of an instrument being developed to monitor, from an orbiting spacecraft, the ozone found in Earth's upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Our new spectrometer is an infrared Fabry-Perot interferometer which uses two synchrounously tuned etalons: a high resolution narrow band device and a lower resolution broader band filtering etalon. The prototype is a scanning device making use of nearly collimated input radiation and a single element detector. As presently configured, it is capable of providing a resolution better than 0.07/cm with a spectral band width approximately 5/cm wide and centered at 1054.7/cm. For the future space-based emission device a modification of the the prototype was to be made to employ innovative circle-to-line detector optics, those developed or in development at UM/SPRL, and a focal plane array detector. These enhancements would enable a simultaneous recording of the entire spectral range of interest, but with simple detection electronics and a significant gain in signal-to-noise over that of the scanning version. Cook, William Langley Research Center ...
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